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Douine M, Lambert Y, Galindo MS, Jimeno Maroto I, Bardon T, Plessis L, Mutricy L, Bordallo-Miller J, Nacher M, Adenis A, Cairo H, Hiwat H, Vreden S, Carboni C, Sanna A, Suarez-Mutis M. Core principles of Malakit intervention for transferability in other contexts. Malar J 2024; 23:185. [PMID: 38872182 PMCID: PMC11170856 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-05002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
To eliminate malaria, all populations must be included. For those who are not reached by the health care system, specific interventions must be tailor-made. An innovative Malakit strategy, based on the distribution of self-diagnosis and self-treatment kits, has been evaluated in the Suriname-French Guiana- Amapá (Brazil) region. The results showed effectiveness and good acceptability. The Malakit intervention is complex and has many components. Its transferability requires adaptation to other populations and regions, while retaining the main features of the intervention. This article provides the keys to adapting, implementing and evaluating it in other contexts facing residual malaria in hard-to-reach and/or mobile populations. The process of transferring this intervention includes: diagnosis of the situation (malaria epidemiology, characteristics of the population affected) to define the relevance of the strategy; determination of the stakeholders and the framework of the intervention (research project or public health intervention); adaptation modalities (adaptation of the kit, training, distribution strategy); the role of community health workers and their need for training and supervision. Finally, evaluation needs are specified in relation to prospects for geographical or temporal extension. Malaria elimination is likely to increasingly involve marginalized people due to climate change and displacement of populations. Evaluation of the transferability and effectiveness of the Malakit strategy in new contexts will be essential to increase and refine the evidence of its value, and to decide whether it could be an additional tool in the arsenal recommended in future WHO guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - Yann Lambert
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Muriel Suzanne Galindo
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Irene Jimeno Maroto
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Teddy Bardon
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Lorraine Plessis
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Louise Mutricy
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Antoine Adenis
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Hedley Cairo
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Hélène Hiwat
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Stephen Vreden
- Foundation for the Advancement of Scientific Research, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Carlotta Carboni
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Alice Sanna
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, INSERM CIC 1424, Cayenne Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Martha Suarez-Mutis
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Institute Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Perini T, Keskinocak P, Li Z, Ruiz-Tiben E, Swann J, Weiss A. Agent-Based Simulation for Seasonal Guinea Worm Disease in Chad Dogs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1942-1950. [PMID: 32901603 PMCID: PMC7646815 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The campaign to eradicate dracunculiasis (Guinea worm [GW] disease) and its causative pathogen Dracunculus medinensis (GW) in Chad is challenged by infections in domestic dogs, which far outnumber the dwindling number of human infections. We present an agent-based simulation that models transmission of GW between a shared water source and a large population of dogs. The simulation incorporates various potential factors driving the infections including external factors and two currently used interventions, namely, tethering and larvicide water treatments. By defining and estimating infectivity parameters and seasonality factors, we test the simulation model on scenarios where seasonal patterns of dog infections could be driven by the parasite’s life cycle alone or with environmental factors (e.g., temperature and rainfall) that could also affect human or dog behaviors (e.g., fishing versus farming seasons). We show that the best-fitting model includes external factors in addition to the pathogen’s life cycle. From the simulation, we estimate that the basic reproductive number, R0, is approximately 2.0; our results also show that an infected dog can transmit the infection to 3.6 other dogs, on average, during the month of peak infectivity (April). The simulation results shed light on the transmission dynamics of GWs to dogs and lay the groundwork for reducing the number of infections and eventually interrupting transmission of GW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Perini
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Zihao Li
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Julie Swann
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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