Frequency of G6PD Mediterranean in individuals with and without malaria in Southern Pakistan

Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The current study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effect of Zn and Fe oxide nanoparticles biofabricated by Taverniera glabra in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The experimental animals (160–200 g) were divided into nine groups (n = 9). The blood glucose, body weight, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase test (CAT), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were determined. Oral administration of nanoparticles and T. glabra methanol extract (TGME; 10 and 15 mg/kg b.w) significantly decreased the glucose level, increased the body weight, controlled the quantitative level of G6PD, and significantly decreased the levels of ALT, ALP, cholesterol, and creatinine. Moreover, TGME and their Zn and Fe oxide nanoparticles significantly restored the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) that decreased during induced diabetes. In the diabetic group, a significant increase in TBARS was noted and recovered in diabetic animals (p < 0.05) as compared to glibenclamide. The AChE activity was significantly recovered by nanoparticles and TGME both in the blood and brain of the diabetic group (p < 0.05). Taken together, it can be suggested that TGME and Zn and Fe oxide nanoparticles significantly improved memory and could be considered as an effective biogenic nanomaterial for diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and oxidative stress.

Assessment of protective relationship of G6PD and other lifestyle factors with Malaria: A case-control study of medical professionals from a teaching medical institute, Gujarat

Background

There remains equivocal evidence in terms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malaria occurrence. A case-control study was performed to assess protective relationship of G6PD and other lifestyle factors with malaria.

Methods

One-hundred twenty six medical professionals were randomly selected from a tertiary care clinical institute. Along with demographic and lifestyle details, subjects were interviewed about their history of occurrence of malaria at all in previous 10 years. Their hematological, biochemical, and metabolic profile was assessed clinically as well as by investigations. The analysis was carried out with two groups: (1) those who were subjected with malaria at least once in past 10 years (Malaria Ever Group); (2) those who never encountered malaria (Malaria Never Group).

Results

Out of 126, 65 subjects were in Malaria Ever Group and 61were in Malaria Never Group. There was no difference in lifestyle measures, hematological, and biochemical parameters. Mean G6PD levels were found similar in both the groups. Of 61 subjects in "malaria-never" group, 1 had deficient (1.1 unit/gm of Hb), 9 had low normal (between 2.5 and 10 units/gm of Hb), 48 had normal (10.1-20.5 units/gm of Hb), and 3 had higher than normal (>20.5 units/gm of Hb) G6PD levels. In comparison, 65 participants from "malaria ever" group, none was deficient, 6 had low normal, 58 had normal, and none had higher than normal G6PD levels. HPLC-based hemoglobin analysis showed significant higher number of participants in "malaria-never" group having altered hemoglobin. 12 participants had increased hemoglobin A2 levels, of which 10 were in "Malaria Occurrence Never" group; of them 6 could be diagnosed having hemoglobinopathy of specified variety. 3 of these 10 participants of "malaria-never" group had low G6PD levels also.

Conclusion

Malaria Protection Hypothesis was not found to be true as per our findings, but there were subtle hints that G6PD protection with or without change in hemoglobin alteration maybe operable.

A novel G6PD deleterious variant identified in three families with severe glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

BACKGROUND

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (D-G6PD) is an X-linked recessive disorder resulted from deleterious variants in the housekeeping gene Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD), causing impaired response to oxidizing agents. Screening for new variations of the gene helps with early diagnosis of D-G6PD resulting in a reduction of disease related complications and ultimately increased life expectancy of the patients.

METHODS

One thousand five hundred sixty-five infants with pathological jaundice were screened for G6PD variants by Sanger sequencing all of the 13 exons, and the junctions of exons and introns of the G6PD gene.

RESULTS

We detected G6PD variants in 439 (28.1%) of the 1565 infants with pathological jaundice. In total, 9 types of G6PD variants were identified in our cohort; and a novel G6PD missense variant c.1118 T > C, p.Phe373Ser in exon 9 of the G6PD gene was detected in three families. Infants with this novel variant showed decreased activity of G6PD, severe anemia, and pathological jaundice, consistent with Class I G6PD deleterious variants. Analysis of the resulting protein's structure revealed this novel variant affects G6PD protein stability, which could be responsible for the pathogenesis of D-G6PD in these patients.

CONCLUSIONS

High rates of G6PD variants were detected in infants with pathological jaundice, and a novel Class I G6PD deleterious variants was identified in our cohort. Our data reveal that variant analysis is helpful for the diagnosis of D-G6PD in patients, and also for the expansion of the spectrum of known G6PD variants used for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.