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Choi JW, Ha SO, Kim YJ, Shin JS, Choi MJ, Yu SE, Han J, Park EJ, Park KS, Kang JH. Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains for Novel Production of Plasmodium ovale Lactate Dehydrogenase. Microorganisms 2024; 12:876. [PMID: 38792706 PMCID: PMC11123484 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide with high incidence and mortality. Among the five species that can infect humans, Plasmodium ovale morphologically resembles Plasmodium vivax, resulting in misidentification and confusion in diagnosis, and is responsible for malarial disease relapse due to the formation of hypnozoites. P. ovale receives relatively less attention compared to other major parasites, such as P. falciparum and P. vivax, primarily due to its lower pathogenicity, mortality rates, and prevalence rates. To efficiently produce lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a major target for diagnosing malaria, this study used three Escherichia coli strains, BL21(DE3), BL21(DE3)pLysS, and Rosetta(DE3), commonly used for recombinant protein production. These strains were characterized to select the optimal strain for P. ovale LDH (PoLDH) production. Gene cloning for recombinant PoLDH production and transformation of the three strains for protein expression were performed. The optimal PoLDH overexpression and washing buffer conditions in nickel-based affinity chromatography were established to ensure high-purity PoLDH. The yields of PoLDH expressed by the three strains were as follows: BL21(DE3), 7.6 mg/L; BL21(DE3)pLysS, 7.4 mg/L; and Rosetta(DE3), 9.5 mg/L. These findings are expected to be highly useful for PoLDH-specific diagnosis and development of antimalarial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Ha
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seop Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Eun Yu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sik Park
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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2
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Abstract
"The Primate Malarias" book has been a uniquely important resource for multiple generations of scientists, since its debut in 1971, and remains pertinent to the present day. Indeed, nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been instrumental for major breakthroughs in basic and pre-clinical research on malaria for over 50 years. Research involving NHPs have provided critical insights and data that have been essential for malaria research on many parasite species, drugs, vaccines, pathogenesis, and transmission, leading to improved clinical care and advancing research goals for malaria control, elimination, and eradication. Whilst most malaria scientists over the decades have been studying Plasmodium falciparum, with NHP infections, in clinical studies with humans, or using in vitro culture or rodent model systems, others have been dedicated to advancing research on Plasmodium vivax, as well as on phylogenetically related simian species, including Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium coatneyi, and Plasmodium knowlesi. In-depth study of these four phylogenetically related species over the years has spawned the design of NHP longitudinal infection strategies for gathering information about ongoing infections, which can be related to human infections. These Plasmodium-NHP infection model systems are reviewed here, with emphasis on modern systems biological approaches to studying longitudinal infections, pathogenesis, immunity, and vaccines. Recent discoveries capitalizing on NHP longitudinal infections include an advanced understanding of chronic infections, relapses, anaemia, and immune memory. With quickly emerging new technological advances, more in-depth research and mechanistic discoveries can be anticipated on these and additional critical topics, including hypnozoite biology, antigenic variation, gametocyte transmission, bone marrow dysfunction, and loss of uninfected RBCs. New strategies and insights published by the Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC) are recapped here along with a vision that stresses the importance of educating future experts well trained in utilizing NHP infection model systems for the pursuit of innovative, effective interventions against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Galinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory National Primate Research Center (Yerkes National Primate Research Center), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Serrano D, Santos-Reis A, Silva C, Dias A, Dias B, Toscano C, Conceição C, Baptista-Fernandes T, Nogueira F. Imported Malaria in Portugal: Prevalence of Polymorphisms in the Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance Genes pfmdr1 and pfk13. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102045. [PMID: 34683365 PMCID: PMC8538333 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the ‘big three’ killer infectious diseases, alongside tuberculosis and HIV. In non-endemic areas, malaria may occur in travelers who have recently been to or visited endemic regions. The number of imported malaria cases in Portugal has increased in recent years, mostly due to the close relationship with the community of Portuguese language countries. Samples were collected from malaria-infected patients attending Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO) or the outpatient clinic of Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT-NOVA) between March 2014 and May 2021. Molecular characterization of Plasmodium falciparum pfk13 and pfmdr1 genes was performed. We analyzed 232 imported malaria cases. The majority (68.53%) of the patients came from Angola and only three patients travelled to a non-African country; one to Brazil and two to Indonesia. P. falciparum was diagnosed in 81.47% of the cases, P. malariae in 7.33%, P. ovale 6.47% and 1.72% carried P. vivax. No mutations were detected in pfk13. Regarding pfmdr1, the wild-type haplotype (N86/Y184/D1246) was also the most prevalent (64.71%) and N86/184F/D1246 was detected in 26.47% of the cases. The typical imported malaria case was middle-aged male, traveling from Angola, infected with P. falciparum carrying wild type pfmdr1 and pfk13. Our study highlights the need for constant surveillance of malaria parasites imported into Portugal as an important pillar of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Serrano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (IHMT-NOVA), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.S.); (A.S.-R.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Ana Santos-Reis
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (IHMT-NOVA), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.S.); (A.S.-R.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Clemente Silva
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (IHMT-NOVA), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.S.); (A.S.-R.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Ana Dias
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular, Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO), Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.T.); (T.B.-F.)
| | - Brigite Dias
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (IHMT-NOVA), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.S.); (A.S.-R.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Toscano
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular, Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO), Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.T.); (T.B.-F.)
| | - Cláudia Conceição
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (IHMT-NOVA), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.S.); (A.S.-R.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Teresa Baptista-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular, Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO), Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.T.); (T.B.-F.)
| | - Fatima Nogueira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (IHMT-NOVA), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.S.); (A.S.-R.); (C.S.); (B.D.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-213652600
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Wångdahl A, Sondén K, Wyss K, Stenström C, Björklund D, Zhang J, Hervius Askling H, Carlander C, Hellgren U, Färnert A. Relapse of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale malaria with and without primaquine treatment in a non-endemic area. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1199-1207. [PMID: 34216464 PMCID: PMC8994585 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of primaquine in preventing Plasmodium vivax relapses from dormant stages is well established. For Plasmodium ovale, the relapse characteristics and the use of primaquine is not as well studied. We set to evaluate the relapsing properties of these 2 species, in relation to primaquine use among imported malaria cases in a nonendemic setting. Methods We performed a nationwide retrospective study of malaria diagnosed in Sweden 1995–2019, by reviewing medical records of 3254 cases. All episodes of P. vivax (n = 972) and P. ovale (n = 251) were selected for analysis. Results First time relapses were reported in 80/857 (9.3%) P. vivax and 9/220 (4.1%) P. ovale episodes, respectively (P < .01). Without primaquine, the risk for relapse was higher in P. vivax, 20/60 (33.3%), compared to 3/30 (10.0%) in P. ovale (hazard ratio [HR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–12.0). In P. vivax, patients prescribed primaquine had a reduced risk of relapse compared to episodes without relapse preventing treatment, 7.1% vs 33.3% (HR 0.2, 95% CI .1–.3). In P. ovale, the effect of primaquine on the risk of relapse did not reach statistical significance, with relapses seen in 2.8% of the episodes compared to 10.0% in patients not receiving relapse preventing treatment (HR 0.3, 95% CI .1–1.1). Conclusions The risk of relapse was considerably lower in P. ovale than in P. vivax infections indicating different relapsing features between the two species. Primaquine was effective in preventing P. vivax relapse. In P. ovale, relapse episodes were few, and the supportive evidence for primaquine remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wångdahl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Västerås Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Klara Sondén
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Wyss
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Stenström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Björklund
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Hervius Askling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Carlander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Västerås Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Hellgren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Joste V, Bailly J, Hubert V, Pauc C, Gendrot M, Guillochon E, Madamet M, Thellier M, Kendjo E, Argy N, Pradines B, Houzé S. Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and P. ovale curtisi Infections and Diagnostic Approaches to Imported Malaria, France, 2013-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27. [PMID: 33496652 PMCID: PMC7853592 DOI: 10.3201/eid2702.202143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients infected with P. ovale wallikeri displayed deeper thrombocytopenia and a shorter latency period. We retrospectively analyzed epidemiologic, clinical, and biologic characteristics of 368 Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and 309 P. ovale curtisi infections treated in France during January 2013–December 2018. P. ovale wallikeri infections displayed deeper thrombocytopenia and shorter latency periods. Despite similar clinical manifestations, P. ovale wallikeri–infected patients were more frequently treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Although the difference was not statistically significant, P. ovale wallikeri–infected patients were 5 times more frequently hospitalized in intensive care or intermediate care and had a higher proportion of severe thrombocytopenia than P. ovale curtisi–infected patients. Rapid diagnostic tests that detect aldolase were more efficient than those detecting Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase. Sequence analysis of the potra gene from 90 P. ovale isolates reveals an insufficient polymorphism for relapse typing.
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6
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Molecular diagnosis and therapy for Plasmodium ovale infection of a returned traveler from East Africa. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:434-438. [PMID: 33966940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are mainly transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The average annual number of malaria cases was less than ten in Taiwan in the last five years. Most of the cases were caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, and were primarily diagnosed in travelers who returned from Southeast Asia and Africa. Here, we report the first case of Plasmodium ovale infection within five years that was confirmed by peripheral blood smear examination and molecular identification in a 25-year-old Asian female patient who returned from Uganda.
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7
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Pasini EM, Kocken CHM. Parasite-Host Interaction and Pathophysiology Studies of the Human Relapsing Malarias Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale Infections in Non-Human Primates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:614122. [PMID: 33680982 PMCID: PMC7925837 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.614122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a serious health concern across the globe. Historically neglected, non-Falciparum human malarias were put back on the agenda by a paradigm shift in the fight against malaria from malaria control to malaria eradication. Here, we review the modeling of the relapsing parasites Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) and Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) in non-human primates with a specific focus on the contribution of these models to our current understanding of the factors that govern parasite-host interactions in P. vivax and P. ovale parasite biology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Pasini
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Clemens H M Kocken
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
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8
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Sato S. Plasmodium-a brief introduction to the parasites causing human malaria and their basic biology. J Physiol Anthropol 2021; 40:1. [PMID: 33413683 PMCID: PMC7792015 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-00251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most devastating infectious diseases of humans. It is problematic clinically and economically as it prevails in poorer countries and regions, strongly hindering socioeconomic development. The causative agents of malaria are unicellular protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. These parasites infect not only humans but also other vertebrates, from reptiles and birds to mammals. To date, over 200 species of Plasmodium have been formally described, and each species infects a certain range of hosts. Plasmodium species that naturally infect humans and cause malaria in large areas of the world are limited to five—P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. knowlesi. The first four are specific for humans, while P. knowlesi is naturally maintained in macaque monkeys and causes zoonotic malaria widely in South East Asia. Transmission of Plasmodium species between vertebrate hosts depends on an insect vector, which is usually the mosquito. The vector is not just a carrier but the definitive host, where sexual reproduction of Plasmodium species occurs, and the parasite’s development in the insect is essential for transmission to the next vertebrate host. The range of insect species that can support the critical development of Plasmodium depends on the individual parasite species, but all five Plasmodium species causing malaria in humans are transmitted exclusively by anopheline mosquitoes. Plasmodium species have remarkable genetic flexibility which lets them adapt to alterations in the environment, giving them the potential to quickly develop resistance to therapeutics such as antimalarials and to change host specificity. In this article, selected topics involving the Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Sato
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. .,Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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9
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Groger M, Veletzky L, Lalremruata A, Cattaneo C, Mischlinger J, Manego Zoleko R, Kim J, Klicpera A, Meyer EL, Blessborn D, Winterberg M, Adegnika AA, Agnandji ST, Kremsner PG, Mordmüller B, Mombo-Ngoma G, Fuehrer HP, Ramharter M. Prospective Clinical and Molecular Evaluation of Potential Plasmodium ovale curtisi and wallikeri Relapses in a High-transmission Setting. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:2119-2126. [PMID: 31066448 PMCID: PMC6880329 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium ovale curtisi and wallikeri are perceived as relapsing malarial parasites. Contrary to Plasmodium vivax, direct evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. The aim of this prospective study was to characterize the reappearance patterns of ovale parasites. Methods P. ovale spp. infected patients were treated with artemether-lumefantrine and followed biweekly for up to 1 year for the detection of reappearing parasitemia. Molecular analysis of reappearing isolates was performed to identify homologous isolates by genotyping and to define cases of relapse following predefined criteria. Results At inclusion, 26 participants were positive for P. ovale curtisi and/or P. ovale wallikeri. The median duration of follow-up was 35 weeks. Reappearance of the same P. ovale species was observed in 46% of participants; 61% of P. ovale curtisi and 19% of P. ovale wallikeri infection-free intervals were estimated to end with reappearance by week 32. Based on the predefined criteria, 23% of participants were identified with 1 or 2 relapses, all induced by P. ovale curtisi. Conclusion These findings are in line with the currently accepted relapse theory inasmuch as the reappearance of P. ovale curtisi strains following initial blood clearance was conclusively demonstrated. Interestingly, no relapse of P. ovale wallikeri was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Groger
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luzia Veletzky
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | | | - Johannes Mischlinger
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rella Manego Zoleko
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Johanna Kim
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | - Elias L Meyer
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Section for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Blessborn
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Markus Winterberg
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ayola A Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Ramharter
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Gabon.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
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Chen M, Dong Y, Deng Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Huang H. Polymorphism analysis of propeller domain of k13 gene in Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri isolates original infection from Myanmar and Africa in Yunnan Province, China. Malar J 2020; 19:246. [PMID: 32660505 PMCID: PMC7359257 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eighteen imported ovale malaria cases imported from Myanmar and various African countries have been reported in Yunnan Province, China from 2013 to 2018. All of them have been confirmed by morphological examination and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA) based PCR in YNRL. Nevertheless, the subtypes of Plasmodium ovale could not be identified based on 18S rRNA gene test, thus posing challenges on its accurate diagnosis. To help establish a more sensitive and specific method for the detection of P. ovale genes, this study performs sequence analysis on k13-propeller polymorphisms in P. ovale. Methods Dried blood spots (DBS) from ovale malaria cases were collected from January 2013 to December 2018, and the infection sources were confirmed according to epidemiological investigation. DNA was extracted, and the coding region (from 206th aa to 725th aa) in k13 gene propeller domain was amplified using nested PCR. Subsequently, the amplified products were sequenced and compared with reference sequence to obtain CDS. The haplotypes and mutation loci of the CDS were analysed, and the spatial structure of the amino acid peptide chain of k13 gene propeller domain was predicted by SWISS-MODEL. Results The coding region from 224th aa to 725th aa of k13 gene from P. ovale in 83.3% of collected samples (15/18) were amplified. Three haplotypes were observed in 15 samples, and the values of Ka/Ks, nucleic acid diversity index (π) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 3.784, 0.0095, and 0.4250. Curtisi haplotype, Wallikeri haplotype, and mutant type accounted for 73.3% (11/15), 20.0% (3/15), and 6.7% (1/15). The predominant haplotypes of P. ovale curtisi were determined in all five Myanmar isolates. Of the ten African isolates, six were identified as P. o. curtisi, three were P. o. wallikeri and one was mutant type. Base substitutions between the sequences of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri were determined at 38 loci, such as c.711. Moreover, the A > T base substitution at c.1428 was a nonsynonymous mutation, resulting in amino acid variation of T476S in the 476th position. Compared with sequence of P. o. wallikeri, the double nonsynonymous mutations of G > A and A > T at the sites of c.1186 and c.1428 leads to the variations of D396N and T476S for the 396th and 476th amino acids positions. For P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri, the peptide chains in the coding region from 224th aa to 725th aa of k13 gene merely formed a monomeric spatial model, whereas the double-variant peptide chains of D396N and T476S formed homodimeric spatial model. Conclusion The propeller domain of k13 gene in the P. ovale isolates imported into Yunnan Province from Myanmar and Africa showed high differentiation. The sequences of Myanmar-imported isolates belong to P. o. curtisi, while the sequences of African isolates showed the sympatric distribution from P. o. curtisi, P. o. wallikeri and mutant isolates. The CDS with a double base substitution formed a dimeric spatial model to encode the peptide chain, which is completely different from the monomeric spatial structure to encode the peptide chain from P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Academician Workstation of Professor Jin Ningyi, Expert Workstation of Professor Jiang Lubin, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Academician Workstation of Professor Jin Ningyi, Expert Workstation of Professor Jiang Lubin, Pu'er, 665000, China.
| | - Yan Deng
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Academician Workstation of Professor Jin Ningyi, Expert Workstation of Professor Jiang Lubin, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Yanchun Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Academician Workstation of Professor Jin Ningyi, Expert Workstation of Professor Jiang Lubin, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Academician Workstation of Professor Jin Ningyi, Expert Workstation of Professor Jiang Lubin, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Canglin Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Academician Workstation of Professor Jin Ningyi, Expert Workstation of Professor Jiang Lubin, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Herong Huang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Academician Workstation of Professor Jin Ningyi, Expert Workstation of Professor Jiang Lubin, Pu'er, 665000, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 667000, China
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Liew JWK, Ooi CH, Snounou G, Lau YL. Case Report: Two Cases of Recurring Ovale Malaria in Sarawak, Malaysia, after Successful Treatment of Imported Plasmodium falciparum Infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:1402-1404. [PMID: 31595863 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Here are two cases of recurring ovale malaria in Sarawak, Malaysia, that are likely relapses that occurred 1-2 months after successful treatment of the initial imported falciparum malaria with artemisinin-based combined therapy. The patients have no history or recollection of previous malaria episodes. These cases add to the limited evidence on the relapsing nature of Plasmodium ovale, after a febrile episode. In regions where P. ovale is not known to be autochthonous, active follow-up of treated imported malaria patients is highly recommended following their return, particularly to areas nearing or having achieved elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wee Kent Liew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choo Huck Ooi
- Vector Borne Diseases Section, Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Georges Snounou
- CEA-Université Paris Sud 11-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies (IDMIT) Department, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Frickmann H, Wegner C, Ruben S, Loderstädt U, Tannich E. A comparison of two PCR protocols for the differentiation of Plasmodium ovale species and implications for clinical management in travellers returning to Germany: a 10-year cross-sectional study. Malar J 2019; 18:272. [PMID: 31399031 PMCID: PMC6688346 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the occurrence of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi species in travellers returning to Germany, two real-time PCR protocols for the detection and differentiation of the two P. ovale species were compared. Results of parasite differentiation were correlated with patient data. METHODS Residual nucleic acid extractions from EDTA blood samples of patients with P. ovale spp. malaria, collected between 2010 and 2019 at the National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens in Germany, were subjected to further parasite discrimination in a retrospective assessment. All samples had been analysed by microscopy and by P. ovale spp.-specific real-time PCR without discrimination on species level. Two different real-time PCR protocols for species discrimination of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri were carried out. Results were correlated with patient data on gender, age, travel destination, thrombocyte count, and duration of parasite latency. RESULTS Samples from 77 P. ovale spp. malaria patients were assessed, with a male:female ratio of about 2:1 and a median age of 30 years. Parasitaemia was low, ranging from few visible parasites up to 1% infected erythrocytes. Discriminative real-time PCRs revealed 41 cases of P. o. curtisi and 36 cases of P. o. wallikeri infections. Concordance of results by the two PCR approaches was 100%. Assessment of travel destinations confirmed co-existence of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri over a wide range of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Latency periods for the two P. ovale species were similar, with median values of 56.0 days for P. o. curtisi and 58.0 days for P. o. wallikeri; likewise, there was no statistically significant difference in thrombocyte count with median values of 138.5/µL for patients with P. o. curtisi and 152.0/µL for P. o. wallikeri-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS Two different real-time PCR protocols were found to be suitable for the discrimination of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri with only minor differences in sensitivity. Due to the overall low parasitaemia and the lack of differences in severity-related aspects like parasite latency periods or thrombocyte counts, this study supports the use of P. ovale spp. PCR without discrimination on species level to confirm the diagnosis and to inform clinical management of malaria in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, External Site at the Bernhard Nocht Institute, Tropical Microbiology and Entomology, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christine Wegner
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ruben
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Loderstädt
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Egbert Tannich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Hamburg, Germany
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