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Tia JPB, Tchicaya ESF, Zahouli JZB, Ouattara AF, Vavassori L, Assamoi JB, Small G, Koudou BG. Combined use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis larviciding, a promising integrated approach against malaria transmission in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Malar J 2024; 23:168. [PMID: 38812003 PMCID: PMC11137964 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent reduction in malaria burden in Côte d'Ivoire is largely attributable to the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, this progress is threatened by insecticide resistance and behavioral changes in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) populations and residual malaria transmission, and complementary tools are required. Thus, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of the combined use of LLINs and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), in comparison with LLINs. METHODS This study was conducted in the health district of Korhogo, northern Côte d'Ivoire, within two study arms (LLIN + Bti arm and LLIN-only arm) from March 2019 to February 2020. In the LLIN + Bti arm, Anopheles larval habitats were treated every fortnight with Bti in addition to the use of LLINs. Mosquito larvae and adults were sampled and identified morphologically to genus and species using standard methods. The members of the An. gambiae complex were determined using a polymerase chain reaction technique. Plasmodium infection in An. gambiae s.l. and malaria incidence in local people was also assessed. RESULTS Overall, Anopheles spp. larval density was lower in the LLIN + Bti arm 0.61 [95% CI 0.41-0.81] larva/dip (l/dip) compared with the LLIN-only arm 3.97 [95% CI 3.56-4.38] l/dip (RR = 6.50; 95% CI 5.81-7.29; P < 0.001). The overall biting rate of An. gambiae s.l. was 0.59 [95% CI 0.43-0.75] biting/person/night in the LLIN + Bti arm against 2.97 [95% CI 2.02-3.93] biting/person/night in LLIN-only arm (P < 0.001). Anopheles gambiae s.l. was predominantly identified as An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (95.1%, n = 293), followed by Anopheles coluzzii (4.9%; n = 15). The human-blood index was 80.5% (n = 389) in study area. EIR was 1.36 infected bites/person/year (ib/p/y) in the LLIN + Bti arm against 47.71 ib/p/y in the LLIN-only arm. Malaria incidence dramatically declined from 291.8‰ (n = 765) to 111.4‰ (n = 292) in LLIN + Bti arm (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of LLINs with Bti significantly reduced the incidence of malaria. The LLINs and Bti duo could be a promising integrated approach for effective vector control of An. gambiae for elimination of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe B Tia
- Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Emile S F Tchicaya
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Julien Z B Zahouli
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre d'Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire, Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Allassane F Ouattara
- Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Laura Vavassori
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Graham Small
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Benjamin G Koudou
- Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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The Laboratory and Semi-Field Larvicidal Effects of Essential Oil Extracted from Feronia limonia against Anopheles arabiensis Patton. J Parasitol Res 2023; 2023:5907603. [PMID: 36872938 PMCID: PMC9977545 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5907603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study intended to evaluate the larvicidal activity of Feronia limonia leaf essential oil against the wild population of Anopheles arabiensis Patton larvae in laboratory and semi-field environments. Larvae mortality was observed after 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure. In laboratory condition, the essential oil showed good larvicidal activity against An. arabiensis (LC50 = 85.61 and LC95 = 138.03 ppm (after 12 hours); LC50 = 65.53 and LC95 = 117.95 ppm (after 24 hours); LC50 = 32.18 and LC95 = 84.59 ppm (after 48 hours); LC50 = 8.03 and LC95 = 60.45 ppm (after 72 hours), while in semi-field experiments, larvicidal activity was (LC50 = 91.89 and LC95 = 134.93 ppm (after 12 hours); LC50 = 83.34 and LC95 = 109.81 ppm (after 24 hours); LC50 = 66.78 and LC95 = 109.81 (after 28 hours); LC50 = 47.64 and 90.67 ppm (after 72 hours). These results give an insight on the future use of F. limonia essential oils for mosquitoes control.
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Runge M, Mapua S, Nambunga I, Smith TA, Chitnis N, Okumu F, Pothin E. Evaluation of different deployment strategies for larviciding to control malaria: a simulation study. Malar J 2021; 20:324. [PMID: 34315473 PMCID: PMC8314573 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larviciding against malaria vectors in Africa has been limited to indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets, but is increasingly being considered by some countries as a complementary strategy. However, despite progress towards improved larvicides and new tools for mapping or treating mosquito-breeding sites, little is known about the optimal deployment strategies for larviciding in different transmission and seasonality settings. METHODS A malaria transmission model, OpenMalaria, was used to simulate varying larviciding strategies and their impact on host-seeking mosquito densities, entomological inoculation rate (EIR) and malaria prevalence. Variations in coverage, duration, frequency, and timing of larviciding were simulated for three transmission intensities and four transmission seasonality profiles. Malaria transmission was assumed to follow rainfall with a lag of one month. Theoretical sub-Saharan African settings with Anopheles gambiae as the dominant vector were chosen to explore impact. Relative reduction compared to no larviciding was predicted for each indicator during the simulated larviciding period. RESULTS Larviciding immediately reduced the predicted host-seeking mosquito densities and EIRs to a maximum that approached or exceeded the simulated coverage. Reduction in prevalence was delayed by approximately one month. The relative reduction in prevalence was up to four times higher at low than high transmission. Reducing larviciding frequency (i.e., from every 5 to 10 days) resulted in substantial loss in effectiveness (54, 45 and 53% loss of impact for host-seeking mosquito densities, EIR and prevalence, respectively). In seasonal settings the most effective timing of larviciding was during or at the beginning of the rainy season and least impactful during the dry season, assuming larviciding deployment for four months. CONCLUSION The results highlight the critical role of deployment strategies on the impact of larviciding. Overall, larviciding would be more effective in settings with low and seasonal transmission, and at the beginning and during the peak densities of the target species populations. For maximum impact, implementers should consider the practical ranges of coverage, duration, frequency, and timing of larviciding in their respective contexts. More operational data and improved calibration would enable models to become a practical tool to support malaria control programmes in developing larviciding strategies that account for the diversity of contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Runge
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Salum Mapua
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Ismail Nambunga
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Thomas A Smith
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nakul Chitnis
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fredros Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Emilie Pothin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, USA
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Pratiwi R, Huda A, Ghiffari A, Anwar C. Biting Pattern and Seasonality of Filariasis Vector of Mansonia spp. in Endemic Area of Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity and biting activity of Mansonia is important to be determined as to predict the incriminated vector and pattern the mosquito behaviour in establishing the vector control programme. The present study has been successfully conducted to investigate the prolonged biting behaviour of Mansonia spp. in two villages in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera Province-Indonesia, using Human Landing Collection method (HLC) in indoor and outdoor for 14 months. The result shows that there are 4956 Mansonia spp. mosquitoes collected during the study comprising 6 species: Mansonia uniformis (40.37%), Mansonia annulifera (32.04%), Mansonia indiana (19.97%), Mansonia bonneae (5.28), Mansonia dives (2.14%); and Mansonia annulata (0.18%). The further investigation confirms that Mansonia uniformis (41.254%) and Mansonia bonneae (45.490%) become the most dominant species caught in Sedang village and Muara Sugih village, respectively and find higher biting activities in outdoor than indoor with biting peaked time at approximately 18.00-19.00. However, the biting activities is also observed in daytime, indicating the behaviour change of Mansonia spp. as the nocturnal mosquitoes. Furthermore, the periods of the highest biting rates are found in April 2017 and May 2017 in Sedang village and May 2018 in Muara Sugih Village. The high period of biting activities and behaviours become the valuable information to arrange the further controlling action of filariasis transmission in Sedang and Muara Sugih Villages as the endemic area of filariasis in South Sumatera, Indonesia.
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Mwingira V, Mboera LEG, Dicke M, Takken W. Exploiting the chemical ecology of mosquito oviposition behavior in mosquito surveillance and control: a review. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:155-179. [PMID: 33207066 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vector control is an important component of the interventions aimed at mosquito-borne disease control. Current and future mosquito control strategies are likely to rely largely on the understanding of the behavior of the vector, by exploiting mosquito biology and behavior, while using cost-effective, carefully timed larvicidal and high-impact, low-volume adulticidal applications. Here we review the knowledge on the ecology of mosquito oviposition behavior with emphasis on the potential role of infochemicals in surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases. A search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Archive, and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords mosquito, infochemical, pheromone, kairomone, allomone, synomone, apneumone, attractant, host-seeking, and oviposition. Articles in English from 1974 to 2019 were reviewed to gain comprehensive understanding of current knowledge on infochemicals in mosquito resource-searching behavior. Oviposition of many mosquito species is mediated by infochemicals that comprise pheromones, kairomones, synomones, allomones, and apneumones. The novel putative infochemicals that mediate oviposition in the mosquito subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae were identified. The role of infochemicals in surveillance and control of these and other mosquito tribes is discussed with respect to origin of the chemical cues and how these affect gravid mosquitoes. Oviposition attractants and deterrents can potentially be used for manipulation of mosquito behavior by making protected resources unsuitable for mosquitoes (push) while luring them towards attractive sources (pull). In this review, strategies of targeting breeding sites with environmentally friendly larvicides with the aim to develop appropriate trap-and-kill techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mwingira
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Gowelo S, McCann RS, Koenraadt CJM, Takken W, van den Berg H, Manda-Taylor L. Community factors affecting participation in larval source management for malaria control in Chikwawa District, Southern Malawi. Malar J 2020; 19:195. [PMID: 32487233 PMCID: PMC7265157 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To further reduce malaria, larval source management (LSM) is proposed as a complementary strategy to the existing strategies. LSM has potential to control insecticide resistant, outdoor biting and outdoor resting vectors. Concerns about costs and operational feasibility of implementation of LSM at large scale are among the reasons the strategy is not utilized in many African countries. Involving communities in LSM could increase intervention coverage, reduce costs of implementation and improve sustainability of operations. Community acceptance and participation in community-led LSM depends on a number of factors. These factors were explored under the Majete Malaria Project in Chikwawa district, southern Malawi. Methods Separate focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with members from the general community (n = 3); health animators (HAs) (n = 3); and LSM committee members (n = 3). In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with community members. Framework analysis was employed to determine the factors contributing to community acceptance and participation in the locally-driven intervention. Results Nine FGDs and 24 IDIs were held, involving 87 members of the community. Widespread knowledge of malaria as a health problem, its mode of transmission, mosquito larval habitats and mosquito control was recorded. High awareness of an association between creation of larval habitats and malaria transmission was reported. Perception of LSM as a tool for malaria control was high. The use of a microbial larvicide as a form of LSM was perceived as both safe and effective. However, actual participation in LSM by the different interviewee groups varied. Labour-intensiveness and time requirements of the LSM activities, lack of financial incentives, and concern about health risks when wading in water bodies contributed to lower participation. Conclusion Community involvement in LSM increased local awareness of malaria as a health problem, its risk factors and control strategies. However, community participation varied among the respondent groups, with labour and time demands of the activities, and lack of incentives, contributing to reduced participation. Innovative tools that can reduce the labour and time demands could improve community participation in the activities. Further studies are required to investigate the forms and modes of delivery of incentives in operational community-driven LSM interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gowelo
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Training and Research Unit of Excellence, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | - Robert S McCann
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Training and Research Unit of Excellence, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van den Berg
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucinda Manda-Taylor
- Training and Research Unit of Excellence, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Health Systems and Policy, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
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