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Manzoni G, Try R, Guintran JO, Christiansen-Jucht C, Jacoby E, Sovannaroth S, Zhang Z, Banouvong V, Shortus MS, Reyburn R, Chanthavisouk C, Linn NYY, Thapa B, Khine SK, Sudathip P, Gopinath D, Thieu NQ, Ngon MS, Cong DT, Hui L, Kelley J, Valecha NNK, Bustos MD, Rasmussen C, Tuseo L. Progress towards malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion: perspectives from the World Health Organization. Malar J 2024; 23:64. [PMID: 38429807 PMCID: PMC10908136 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a global health challenge, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities. Despite substantial progress, the emergence of anti-malarial drug resistance poses a constant threat. The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), which includes Cambodia, China's Yunnan province, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam has been the epicentre for the emergence of resistance to successive generations of anti-malarial therapies. From the perspective of the World Health Organization (WHO), this article considers the collaborative efforts in the GMS, to contain Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin partial resistance and multi-drug resistance and to advance malaria elimination. The emergence of artemisinin partial resistance in the GMS necessitated urgent action and regional collaboration resulting in the Strategy for Malaria Elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion (2015-2030), advocating for accelerated malaria elimination interventions tailored to country needs, co-ordinated and supported by the WHO Mekong malaria elimination programme. The strategy has delivered substantial reductions in malaria across all GMS countries, with a 77% reduction in malaria cases and a 97% reduction in malaria deaths across the GMS between 2012 and 2022. Notably, China was certified malaria-free by WHO in 2021. Countries' ownership and accountability have been pivotal, with each GMS country outlining its priorities in strategic and annual work plans. The development of strong networks for anti-malarial drug resistance surveillance and epidemiological surveillance was essential. Harmonization of policies and guidelines enhanced collaboration, ensuring that activities were driven by evidence. Challenges persist, particularly in Myanmar, where security concerns have limited recent progress, though an intensification and acceleration plan aims to regain momentum. Barriers to implementation can slow progress and continuing innovation is needed. Accessing mobile and migrant populations is key to addressing remaining transmission foci, requiring effective cross-border collaboration. In conclusion, the GMS has made significant progress towards malaria elimination, particularly in the east where several countries are close to P. falciparum elimination. New and persisting challenges require sustained efforts and continued close collaboration. The GMS countries have repeatedly risen to every obstacle presented, and now is the time to re-double efforts and achieve the 2030 goal of malaria elimination for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Manzoni
- WHO Mekong Malaria Elimination Programme, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
- Independent Consultant, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | - Rady Try
- WHO Mekong Malaria Elimination Programme, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jean Olivier Guintran
- World Health Organization Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Independent Consultant, Le Bar sur Loup, France
| | | | - Elodie Jacoby
- WHO Mekong Malaria Elimination Programme, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Independent Consultant, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Siv Sovannaroth
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Zaixing Zhang
- World Health Organization Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | - Rita Reyburn
- World Health Organization Country Office, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Nay Yi Yi Linn
- National Malaria Control Programme, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Badri Thapa
- World Health Organization Country Office, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Prayuth Sudathip
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Deyer Gopinath
- World Health Organization Country Office, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Quang Thieu
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Liu Hui
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan, China
| | - James Kelley
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Maria Dorina Bustos
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Luciano Tuseo
- WHO Mekong Malaria Elimination Programme, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
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Zhao T, Xue RD. Vector Biology and Integrated Management of Malaria Vectors in China. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:333-354. [PMID: 38270986 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-021323-085255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted by Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles lesteri, Anopheles minimus, and Anopheles dirus in China. In 2021, the disease was eliminated in China after more than 70 years of efforts implementing an integrated mosquito management strategy. This strategy comprised indoor residual spray, insecticide-treated bed nets, irrigation management, and rice-fish coculture based on an understanding of taxonomic status and ecological behaviors of vector species, in conjunction with mass drug administration and promotion of public education. However, China still faces postelimination challenges, including the importation of approximately 2,000-4,000 cases of malaria into the country each year, as well as widespread resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in An. sinensis; these challenges require long-term vector surveillance to understand the distribution, population density, and development of resistance in vector mosquitoes to prevent local epidemics caused by imported malaria cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China;
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, St. Augustine, Florida, USA;
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Lu G, Zhao L, Chai L, Cao Y, Chong Z, Liu K, Lu Y, Zhu G, Xia P, Müller O, Zhu G, Cao J. Assessing the risk of malaria local transmission and re-introduction in China from pre-elimination to elimination: A systematic review. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107082. [PMID: 38008371 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the risk of malaria local transmission and re-introduction is crucial for the preparation and implementation of an effective elimination campaign and the prevention of malaria re-introduction in China. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the risk factors for malaria local transmission and re-introduction in China over the period of pre-elimination to elimination. Data were obtained from six databases searched for studies that assessed malaria local transmission risk before malaria elimination and re-introduction risk after the achievement of malaria elimination in China since the launch of the NMEP in 2010, employing the keywords "malaria" AND ("transmission" OR "re-introduction") and their synonyms. A total of 8,124 articles were screened and 53 articles describing 55 malaria risk assessment models in China from 2010 to 2023, including 40 models assessing malaria local transmission risk (72.7%) and 15 models assessing malaria re-introduction risk (27.3%). Factors incorporated in the 55 models were extracted and classified into six categories, including environmental and meteorological factors (39/55, 70.9%), historical epidemiology (35/55, 63.6%), vectorial factors (32/55, 58.2%), socio-demographic information (15/26, 53.8%), factors related to surveillance and response capacity (18/55, 32.7%), and population migration aspects (13/55, 23.6%). Environmental and meteorological factors as well as vectorial factors were most commonly incorporated in models assessing malaria local transmission risk (29/40, 72.5% and 21/40, 52.5%) and re-introduction risk (10/15, 66.7% and 11/15, 73.3%). Factors related to surveillance and response capacity and population migration were also important in malaria re-introduction risk models (9/15, 60%, and 6/15, 40.0%). A total of 18 models (18/55, 32.7%) reported the modeling performance. Only six models were validated internally and five models were validated externally. Of 53 incorporated studies, 45 studies had a quality assessment score of seven and above. Environmental and meteorological factors as well as vectorial factors play a significant role in malaria local transmission and re-introduction risk assessment. The factors related to surveillance and response capacity and population migration are more important in assessing malaria re-introduction risk. The internal and external validation of the existing models needs to be strengthened in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Lu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liying Chai
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Zeyin Chong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Nanjing Health and Customs Quarantine Office, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Olaf Müller
- Institute of Global Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoding Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Li X, Snow RW, Lindblade K, Noor AM, Steketee R, Rabinovich R, Gopinath D, Gasimov E, Alonso PL. Border malaria: defining the problem to address the challenge of malaria elimination. Malar J 2023; 22:239. [PMID: 37605226 PMCID: PMC10440889 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Border malaria is frequently cited as an obstacle to malaria elimination and sometimes used as a justification for the failure of elimination. Numerous border or cross-border meetings and elimination initiatives have been convened to address this bottleneck to elimination. In this Perspective, border malaria is defined as malaria transmission, or the potential for transmission, across or along shared land borders between countries where at least one of them has ongoing malaria transmission. Border malaria is distinct from malaria importation, which can occur anywhere and in any country. The authors' analysis shows that the remaining transmission foci of malaria-eliminating countries tend to occur in the vicinity of international land borders that they share with neighbouring endemic countries. The reasons why international land borders often represent the last mile in malaria elimination are complex. The authors argue that the often higher intrinsic transmission potential, the neglect of investment and development, the constant risk of malaria importation due to cross-border movement, the challenges of implementing interventions in complex environments and uncoordinated action in a cross-border shared transmission focus all contribute to the difficulties of malaria elimination in border areas. Border malaria reflects the limitations of the current tools and interventions for malaria elimination and implies the need for social cohesion, basic health services, community economic conditions, and policy dialogue and coordination to achieve the expected impact of malaria interventions. Given the uniqueness of each border and the complex and multifaceted nature of border malaria, a situation analysis to define and characterize the determinants of transmission is essential to inform a problem-solving mindset and develop appropriate strategies to eliminate malaria in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Robert W Snow
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kim Lindblade
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdisalan M Noor
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Deyer Gopinath
- World Health Organization Country Office, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elkhan Gasimov
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro L Alonso
- Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Patrick SM, Bendiane MK, Kruger T, Harris BN, Riddin MA, Trehard H, de Jager C, Bornman R, Gaudart J. Household living conditions and individual behaviours associated with malaria risk: a community-based survey in the Limpopo River Valley, 2020, South Africa. Malar J 2023; 22:156. [PMID: 37189177 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, implementation of multiple malaria control strategies in most countries has largely contributed to advance the global malaria elimination agenda. Nevertheless, in some regions, seasonal epidemics may adversely affect the health of local populations. In South Africa, Plasmodium falciparum malaria is still present, with the Vhembe District experiencing an incidence rate of 3.79 cases/1000 person-years in 2018, particularly in the Limpopo River Valley, bordering Zimbabwe. To elucidate the complexity of the mechanisms involved in local regular malaria outbreaks, a community-based survey was implemented in 2020 that focused on the relationship between housing conditions and malaria risky behaviours. METHODS The community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among the population of three study sites in the Vhembe District, which were selected based on malaria incidence rate, social and health characteristics of inhabitants. The household survey used a random sampling strategy, where data were collected through face-to-face questionnaires and field notes; to described the housing conditions (housing questionnaire), and focus on individual behaviours of household members. Statistical analyses were performed combining hierarchical classifications and logistic regressions. RESULTS In this study, 398 households were described, covering a population of 1681 inhabitants of all ages, and 439 adults who participated in community-based survey. The analysis of situations at risk of malaria showed that the influence of contextual factors, particularly those defined by the type of habitat, was significant. Housing conditions and poor living environments were factors of malaria exposure and history, regardless of site of investigation, individual preventive behaviours and personal characteristics of inhabitants. Multivariate models showed that, considering all personal characteristics or behaviours of inhabitants, housing conditions such as overcrowding pressures were significantly associated with individual malaria risk. CONCLUSIONS The results showed the overwhelming weight of social and contextual factors on risk situations. Considering the Fundamental Causes Theory, malaria control policies based on health behaviour prevention, should reinforce access to care or promoting health education actions. Overarching economic development interventions in targeted geographical areas and populations have to be implemented, so that malaria control and elimination strategies can be efficiently and effectively managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Patrick
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - Marc-Karim Bendiane
- Economics & Social Sciences Applied to Health & Medical Information Processing, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, ISSPAM, SESSTIM, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Taneshka Kruger
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Bernice N Harris
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Megan A Riddin
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Helene Trehard
- Economics & Social Sciences Applied to Health & Medical Information Processing, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, ISSPAM, SESSTIM, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Christiaan de Jager
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Riana Bornman
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jean Gaudart
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, APHM, ISSPAM, SESSTIM, UMR1252, Hospital La Timone, BioSTIC, Biostatistics & ICT, 13005, Marseille, France
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Xu Y, Dong Y, Deng Y, Huang H, Chen M, Liu Y, Wu J, Zhang C, Zheng W. Molecular identification of vivax malaria relapse patients in the Yunnan Province based on homology analysis of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein gene. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:85-96. [PMID: 36334150 PMCID: PMC9816221 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
More than 85% of the malaria burden in the Yunnan Province is caused by imported vivax malaria, and Yunnan is also where the majority of vivax malaria patients are diagnosed in China. Timely removal of the infection sources of Plasmodium vivax and its breeding environment remains the key to eliminating the secondary transmission of imported malaria. To that end, blood samples were collected from cases diagnosed and revalidated as single species infection with P. vivax in the Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2020. Specifically, samples from vivax malaria patients with suspected relapses episodes were subjected to PCR amplification, product sequencing, and analysis of the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) gene. In total, 77 suspected relapse patients were identified out of 2484 cases infected with P. vivax, with a total of 81 recurrent episodes. A total of 156 CDS (coding DNA sequence) chains were obtained through PCR amplification and sequencing of the pvcsp gene from 159 blood samples, 121 of which can be matched to the paired sequences of 59 vivax malaria patients with both primary attack and recurrent experience. Of the 59 pairs of pvcsp gene sequences, every one of 31 pairs showed only one haplotype and no variant sites (VS), meaning every two paired sequence was completely homologous. Every one of the remaining 28 paired sequences had two haplotypes but no length polymorphism, indicating that the paired sequences was "weakly heterologous" with no fragment insertions (or deletions). All 59 vivax malaria patients with recurrences were caused by the activation of P. vivax hypnozoites originated from the same population as the primary infection. The paired analysis of the similarity between high variant genes allowed the identification of relapse episodes caused by P. vivax homologous hypnozoites and also demonstrated pvcsp gene as one of the candidate molecular markers for tracing infection origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Pu'er, 665000, China.
| | - Yan Deng
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Herong Huang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Mengni Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Canglin Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Centre of Malaria Research, Pu'er, 665000, China
| | - Webi Zheng
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baoshan, 678000, China.
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Longchamps C, Galindo MS, Lambert Y, Sanna A, Mutricy L, Garancher L, Adenis A, Nacher M, Suarez-Mutis M, Cairo H, Hiwat H, Vreden S, Douine M. Impact of Malakit intervention on perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to malaria among workers in clandestine gold mines in French Guiana: results of multicentric cross-sectional surveys over time. Malar J 2022; 21:397. [PMID: 36577968 PMCID: PMC9795716 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clandestine gold miners remain key hosts for malaria in French Guiana (FG) and contribute to imported malaria cases in Suriname and Brazil. The Malakit intervention, implemented in FG borders with Suriname and Brazil, provided gold miners with training on malaria and kits for self-diagnosis and self-treatment. Having shown a likely impact on malaria transmission, Suriname has now implemented it in routine care for cross-border moving populations. However, a decrease in malaria transmission is frequently associated with a decrease in risk perception, knowledge, and good practices regarding malaria. This study aims to describe the evolution of the perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to malaria among clandestine gold miners between 2015 and 2019, and to estimate the impact of Malakit on the FG/Suriname border. METHODS The primary outcome was the overall KAP score over time and among participants and not participants in the Malakit intervention. A propensity score matching analysis and an inverse probability of treatment weighing analysis were used to estimate the Average Treatment effect on the Treated and the Average Treatment Effect of Malakit, respectively. RESULTS Perception and knowledge scores were significantly lower in 2019 compared to 2015 (- 0.27 and - 0.23 points, respectively, p < 0.001) while attitude and practice scores were higher (+ 0.16 and + 0.47 points, respectively, p < 0.001). The overall KAP score was significantly higher among participants in Malakit with both propensity score matching (+ 0.72 points, 95%IC [0.29; 1.15]) and inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis (+ 0.70 points, 95%IC [0.34; 1.05]). CONCLUSION A decrease in perception and knowledge about malaria but an improvement of attitudes and practices as the incidence of malaria decreased are observed. The Malakit intervention seems to have a significant positive impact on the overall KAP related to malaria. The integration of this strategy into malaria control programmes could help to improve the KAP, even in areas where malaria is nearly eliminated, through optimal training and health empowerment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT03695770.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Longchamps
- grid.440366.30000 0004 0630 1955Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Muriel Suzanne Galindo
- grid.440366.30000 0004 0630 1955Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Yann Lambert
- grid.440366.30000 0004 0630 1955Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Alice Sanna
- grid.440366.30000 0004 0630 1955Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Louise Mutricy
- grid.440366.30000 0004 0630 1955Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | | | - Antoine Adenis
- grid.440366.30000 0004 0630 1955Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France ,grid.460797.bTBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- grid.440366.30000 0004 0630 1955Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France ,grid.460797.bTBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana France
| | - Martha Suarez-Mutis
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Institute Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hedley Cairo
- National Malaria Programme of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Helen Hiwat
- National Malaria Programme of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Stephen Vreden
- Foundation for the Advancement of Scientific Research in Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Maylis Douine
- grid.440366.30000 0004 0630 1955Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane, Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana France ,grid.460797.bTBIP, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana France
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Lin ZR, Yin SS, Yang J, Guo XR, Dong CL, Lin YK, Ding CL, Sun XD, Yan RX, Yang SL, Zhou XH, Xu JW. The public health response to an outbreak of border-spill malaria along China-Myanmar border. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275932. [PMID: 36525438 PMCID: PMC9757579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria importation can be caused by cross-border movement either of both people and anopheline mosquitoes. However, there still lacks robust evidence of imported malaria caused by Plasmodium spp. infected anopheles along international border areas (border-spill malaria). The objectives of this study were to confirm whether an outbreak of Plasmodium vivax malaria is border-spill malaria and assess the effects of China's public health response along China-Myanmar border. METHODS Epidemiological, parasitological and entomological investigations were conducted to investigate the outbreak of border-spill malaria. Meanwhile, comprehensive interventions were carried out to prevent further transmission and reintroduction of malaria. RESULTS Rapid diagnostic testing, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction were performed and the infections were confirmed as P. vivax. A total of 22 (9.21%) of 239 workers contracted P. vivax during the outbreak. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the distance of worker shelters in China within 300 meters to the internally displaced person (IDP) camps in Myanmar was a risk factors associated with malaria infection (adjusted odds ratio 7.5920; 95% confidence interval, 2.6079-22.1013; P = 0.0002). After comprehensive interventions, malaria transmission was successfully interpreted and prevented at the project site till the completion of project on 14 January 2020, and recurrence of P. vivax malaria was not detected by the end of 2020. CONCLUSION This study provided robust evidence of border-spill malaria along China-Myanmar border. Malaria parasite reservoir and distance travelled by female anopheline mosquitoes are two determinants for border-spill malaria. The public health response to the outbreak indicates that the malaria surveillance and response system works well in preventing reintroduction of malaria. However, prevention of border-spill malaria is still a major challenge in the Yunnan border area, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Rui Lin
- Malaria Division, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Centre of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Disease Control and Research, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention, Training Base of International Scientific Exchange and Education in Tropical Diseases for South and Southeast Asia, Pu’er, Yunnan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yin
- Parasitic Disease Section, Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Parasitic Disease Section, Donghong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Guo
- Parasitic Disease Section, Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao-Liang Dong
- Parasitic Disease Section, Donghong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Kun Lin
- Parasitic Disease Section, Donghong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mangshi, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Li Ding
- Malaria Division, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Centre of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Disease Control and Research, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention, Training Base of International Scientific Exchange and Education in Tropical Diseases for South and Southeast Asia, Pu’er, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Malaria Division, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Centre of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Disease Control and Research, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention, Training Base of International Scientific Exchange and Education in Tropical Diseases for South and Southeast Asia, Pu’er, Yunnan, China
| | - Run-Xian Yan
- Parasitic Disease Section, Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Suo-Lan Yang
- Parasitic Disease Section, Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Xian-Hua Zhou
- Parasitic Disease Section, Yingjiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- Malaria Division, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yunnan Provincial Centre of Malaria Research, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Disease Control and Research, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and Prevention, Training Base of International Scientific Exchange and Education in Tropical Diseases for South and Southeast Asia, Pu’er, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail:
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Chemoprevention for the Populations of Malaria Endemic Africa. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040101. [PMID: 36412595 PMCID: PMC9680511 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs have been used to prevent malaria for centuries, but only recently have they been used on a large scale to prevent malaria in the resident population of malaria endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper discusses some of the reasons for the hesitancy in adoption of chemopreventive strategies in sub-Saharan Africa, reasons why this hesitancy has been overcome in recent years and the range of target groups now identified by the World Health Organization as those who can benefit most from chemoprevention. Adoption of carefully targeted chemopreventive strategies could help reverse the recent stagnation in the decline in malaria in sub-Saharan Africa that had been taking place during the previous two decades.
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10
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Yang Z, Chen H, Lu Y, Gao Y, Sun H, Wang J, Jin L, Chu J, Xu S. Genetic evidence of tri-genealogy hypothesis on the origin of ethnic minorities in Yunnan. BMC Biol 2022; 20:166. [PMID: 35864541 PMCID: PMC9306206 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yunnan is located in Southwest China and consists of great cultural, linguistic, and genetic diversity. However, the genomic diversity of ethnic minorities in Yunnan is largely under-investigated. To gain insights into population history and local adaptation of Yunnan minorities, we analyzed 242 whole-exome sequencing data with high coverage (~ 100-150 ×) of Yunnan minorities representing Achang, Jingpo, Dai, and Deang, who were linguistically assumed to be derived from three ancient lineages (the tri-genealogy hypothesis), i.e., Di-Qiang, Bai-Yue, and Bai-Pu. RESULTS Yunnan minorities show considerable genetic differences. Di-Qiang populations likely migrated from the Tibetan area about 6700 years ago. Genetic divergence between Bai-Yue and Di-Qiang was estimated to be 7000 years, and that between Bai-Yue and Bai-Pu was estimated to be 5500 years. Bai-Pu is relatively isolated, but gene flow from surrounding Di-Qiang and Bai-Yue populations was also found. Furthermore, we identified genetic variants that are differentiated within Yunnan minorities possibly due to the living circumstances and habits. Notably, we found that adaptive variants related to malaria and glucose metabolism suggest the adaptation to thalassemia and G6PD deficiency resulting from malaria resistance in the Dai population. CONCLUSIONS We provided genetic evidence of the tri-genealogy hypothesis as well as new insights into the genetic history and local adaptation of the Yunnan minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayou Chu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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11
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12
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Estimation of Plasmodium falciparum transmission using multiepitope chimeric antigen in the postelimination phase in Yunnan, China. Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Tu H, Feng J, Yu C, Lin K, Peiyu W, Shaomi X, Lingyun L, Jian L. Asymptomatic malaria infection at the China-Vietnam border: Knowledge and implications for the cross-border migrant population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 47:102307. [PMID: 35276354 PMCID: PMC8902057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Eliminating malaria along the China-Vietnam border remains one of the greatest challenges in China, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has disrupted the continuity of malaria control and elimination programs. Understanding the factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infection will inform control interventions aimed at elimination of the disease among migrants from Vietnam working in China, who constitute an at-risk population. Methods From March 2018 to September 2019, 108 migrants from Vietnam working in Ningming County, Guangxi, were enrolled in this study. Each person was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and sent for PCR detection and sequencing. The obtained sequences were analyzed using the BLAST program and DNAMAN software. Results The proportion of participants with malaria knowledge was low, with 19.4% (21/108) reporting knowledge about transmission, 23.2% (25/108) reporting knowledge about clinical symptoms, 7.4% (8/108) reporting awareness of the risk of death and 14.8% (16/108) reporting awareness of prevention methods. No significant difference in the malaria knowledge rate was found among occupational groups, except in the migrant worker group, whose knowledge rate was higher than those in the other occupational groups (χ2 = 32.452, p < 0.001). Although most of the participants (80.6%, 87/108) owned mosquito nets, only approximately half of the participants (49.1%, 53/108) reported using bed nets. The parasitological analysis revealed that 5.6% (6/108) of all the participants were positive for malaria, including 5 participants with Plasmodium falciparum and 1 participant with Plasmodium vivax malaria. There were no statistically significant differences in the positivity rates among the different age, sex, family-size, nationality, occupational, and behavior groups. The positivity rates in individuals who did not use mosquito nets, did not use mosquito coils, and did not install mosquito nets were 4.8% (1/21), 6.8% (3/44), and 3.6% (2/55), respectively. Conclusion Health education focused on high-risk populations, such as migrant workers and forest goers, should be strengthened. Verbal communication and information transmission via the internet, radio, and mobile phone platforms may be required during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further risk assessments and proactive case detection should also be performed in Ningming County and other border counties in Guangxi to detect active and asymptomatic infections in a timely manner and prevent re-establishment of the disease in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Chenghang Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kangming Lin
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wang Peiyu
- Ningming County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ningming, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiang Shaomi
- Ningming County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ningming, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Luo Lingyun
- Ningming County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ningming, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Li Jian
- Ningming County Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Ningming, Guangxi, PR China
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14
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Small-Saunders JL, Hagenah LM, Wicht KJ, Dhingra SK, Deni I, Kim J, Vendome J, Gil-Iturbe E, Roepe PD, Mehta M, Mancia F, Quick M, Eppstein MJ, Fidock DA. Evidence for the early emergence of piperaquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria and modeling strategies to mitigate resistance. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010278. [PMID: 35130315 PMCID: PMC8853508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites have emerged in Cambodia and neighboring countries in Southeast Asia, compromising the efficacy of first-line antimalarial combinations. Dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine (PPQ) treatment failure rates have risen to as high as 50% in some areas in this region. For PPQ, resistance is driven primarily by a series of mutant alleles of the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT). PPQ resistance was reported in China three decades earlier, but the molecular driver remained unknown. Herein, we identify a PPQ-resistant pfcrt allele (China C) from Yunnan Province, China, whose genotypic lineage is distinct from the PPQ-resistant pfcrt alleles currently observed in Cambodia. Combining gene editing and competitive growth assays, we report that PfCRT China C confers moderate PPQ resistance while re-sensitizing parasites to chloroquine (CQ) and incurring a fitness cost that manifests as a reduced rate of parasite growth. PPQ transport assays using purified PfCRT isoforms, combined with molecular dynamics simulations, highlight differences in drug transport kinetics and in this transporter’s central cavity conformation between China C and the current Southeast Asian PPQ-resistant isoforms. We also report a novel computational model that incorporates empirically determined fitness landscapes at varying drug concentrations, combined with antimalarial susceptibility profiles, mutation rates, and drug pharmacokinetics. Our simulations with PPQ-resistant or -sensitive parasite lines predict that a three-day regimen of PPQ combined with CQ can effectively clear infections and prevent the evolution of PfCRT variants. This work suggests that including CQ in combination therapies could be effective in suppressing the evolution of PfCRT-mediated multidrug resistance in regions where PPQ has lost efficacy. The recent emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasite resistance to the antimalarial drug piperaquine (PPQ) has contributed to frequent treatment failures across Southeast Asia, originating in Cambodia. Here, we show that earlier reports of PPQ resistance in Yunnan Province, China could be explained by the unique China C variant of the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter PfCRT. Gene-edited parasites show a loss of fitness and parasite resensitization to the chemically related former first-line antimalarial chloroquine, while acquiring PPQ resistance via drug efflux. Molecular features of drug resistance were examined using biochemical assays to measure mutant PfCRT-mediated drug transport and molecular dynamics simulations with the recently solved PfCRT structure to assess changes in the central drug-binding cavity. We also describe a new computational model that incorporates parasite mutation rates, fitness costs, antimalarial susceptibilities, and drug pharmacological profiles to predict how infections with parasite strains expressing distinct PfCRT variants can evolve and be selected in response to different drug pressures and regimens. Simulations predict that a three-day regimen of PPQ plus chloroquine would be fully effective at preventing recrudescence of drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Small-Saunders
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura M Hagenah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathryn J Wicht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Satish K Dhingra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ioanna Deni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York United States of America
| | - Jeremie Vendome
- Schrödinger, Inc., New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul D Roepe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Monica Mehta
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York United States of America
| | - Matthias Quick
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Recognition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Margaret J Eppstein
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Translational Global Infectious Diseases Research Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - David A Fidock
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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15
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Historical experiences on mass drug administration for malaria control and elimination, its challenges and China's experience: a narrative review. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106209. [PMID: 34687651 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
After decades of efforts, malaria is still a major public health problem in many countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been one of the interventions used to control malaria. China, the largest and most populous country in the world, has recently achieved malaria elimination with MDA within its strategy. Therefore, knowing the history of the use of MDA, and its advantages and challenges are crucial to better implement MDA as a component of malaria control and elimination strategy. This narrative review focused on the use of MDA from the past to present, the experiences of successful and failed MDA interventions to control malaria in Africa, Asia, and South Pacific region, the challenges faced, as well as China's experience in malaria control and elimination. A direct search using key words and phrases was conducted using the web search engines Google and Google Scholar, peer-reviewed journal websites and PubMed database to mainly screen articles on MDA studies with positive and negative results, the World Health Organization guidelines, and other MDA-related reports. We also summarized our historical field experiences on MDA in malaria control to provide informed perspective on the challenges of MDA. Following the spirit of innovation, a comprehensive strategy with MDA at its core and each additional measure compensating one another's shortage based on different malaria transmission settings and stratification could be the highlight of future malaria control and elimination strategy to help achieve the vision of a malaria-free world.
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16
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Cao J, Newby G, Cotter C, Hsiang MS, Larson E, Tatarsky A, Gosling RD, Xia Z, Gao Q. Achieving malaria elimination in China. THE LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 6:e871-e872. [PMID: 34838192 PMCID: PMC9022785 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gretchen Newby
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chris Cotter
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michelle S Hsiang
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erika Larson
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allison Tatarsky
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roly D Gosling
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Zhigui Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
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