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Connolly EL, Liu AH, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Shafaei A, Boyce MC, Wood LG, McCahon L, Koch H, Sim M, Hill CR, Parmenter BH, Bondonno NP, Devine A, Croft KD, Mithen R, Gan SK, Schultz CJ, Woodman RJ, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC. Cruciferous vegetables lower blood pressure in adults with mildly elevated blood pressure in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial: the VEgetableS for vaScular hEaLth (VESSEL) study. BMC Med 2024; 22:353. [PMID: 39218859 PMCID: PMC11367748 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies. The pathways involved remain uncertain. We aimed to determine whether cruciferous vegetable intake (active) lowers 24-h brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary outcome) compared to root and squash vegetables (control) in Australian adults with mildly elevated BP (SBP 120-160 mmHg inclusive). METHODS In this randomized, controlled, crossover trial, participants completed two 2-week dietary interventions separated by a 2-week washout. Cruciferous vegetables were compared to root and squash vegetables (~ 300 g/day) consumed with lunch and dinner meals. Participants were blinded to which interventions were the active and control. Adherence was assessed using food diaries and biomarkers (S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO, active) and carotenoids (control)). Twenty-four-hour brachial ambulatory SBP and secondary outcomes were assessed pre- and post each intervention. Differences were tested using linear mixed effects regression. RESULTS Eighteen participants were recruited (median (IQR) age: 68 (66-70); female: n = 16/18; mean ± SD clinic SBP: 135.9 ± 10.0 mmHg). For both interventions, 72% participants had 100% adherence (IQR: 96.4-100%). SMCSO and carotenoids were significantly different between interventions (mean difference active vs. control SMCSO: 22.93 mg/mL, 95%CI 15.62, 30.23, P < 0.0001; carotenoids: - 0.974 mg/mL, 95%CI - 1.525, - 0.423, P = 0.001). Twenty-four-hour brachial SBP was significantly reduced following the active vs. control (mean difference - 2.5 mmHg, 95%CI - 4.2, - 0.9, P = 0.002; active pre: 126.8 ± 12.6 mmHg, post: 124.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; control pre: 125.5 ± 12.1 mmHg, post: 124.8 ± 13.1 mmHg, n = 17), driven by daytime SBP (mean difference - 3.6 mmHg, 95%CI - 5.4, - 1.7, P < 0.001). Serum triglycerides were significantly lower following the active vs. control (mean difference - 0.2 mmol/L, 95%CI - 0.4, - 0.0, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Increased intake of cruciferous vegetables resulted in reduced SBP compared to root and squash vegetables. Future research is needed to determine whether targeted recommendations for increasing cruciferous vegetable intake benefits population health. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registry ACTRN12619001294145. https://www.anzctr.org.au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Connolly
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alex H Liu
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simone Radavelli-Bagatini
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mary C Boyce
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, New Lambton Heights, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyn McCahon
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Henrietta Koch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caroline R Hill
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Parmenter
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Devine
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard Mithen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seng Khee Gan
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carl J Schultz
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Hill CR, Shafaei A, Matthews VB, Ward NC, Croft KD, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Balmer L, Blekkenhorst LC. S-Methyl Cysteine Sulfoxide Does Not Ameliorate Weight Gain or Hyperlipidemia in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400034. [PMID: 38704751 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Higher intake of cruciferous and allium vegetables is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk. Little research has investigated the cardiometabolic effects of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO), found abundant in these vegetables. This study hypothesizes that SMCSO will blunt development of metabolic syndrome features in mice fed high-fat feed. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty C57BL/6 male mice are randomly assigned to standard-chow, high-fat, or high-fat supplemented with low-SMCSO (43 mg kg-1 body weight [BW] day-1), medium-SMCSO (153 mg kg-1 BW day-1), or high-SMCSO (256 mg kg-1 BW day-1) for 12-weeks. High-fat with SMCSO did not prevent diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance, or hypercholesterolemia. Mice fed high-fat with SMCSO has higher hepatic lipids than mice fed standard-chow or high-fat alone. Urinary SMCSO increases at 6- and 12-weeks in the low-SMCSO group, before reducing 46% and 28% in the medium- and high-SMCSO groups, respectively, at 12-weeks, suggesting possible tissue saturation. Interestingly, two SMCSO-fed groups consume significantly more feed, without significant weight gain. Due to limitations in measuring consumed feed, caution should be taken interpreting these results. CONCLUSION SMCSO (43-256 mg kg-1 BW day-1) does not ameliorate metabolic syndrome features in high-fat fed mice. Substantial knowledge gaps remain. Further studies should administer SMCSO separately (i.e., gavage), with metabolic studies exploring tissue levels to better understand its physiological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Hill
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia, Western Australia, 6027
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Biomedical Science, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Biomedical Science, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia, 6027
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia
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Gasmi A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Shanaida M, Chirumbolo S, Menzel A, Anzar W, Arshad M, Cruz-Martins N, Lysiuk R, Beley N, Oliinyk P, Shanaida V, Denys A, Peana M, Bjørklund G. Anticancer activity of broccoli, its organosulfur and polyphenolic compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8054-8072. [PMID: 37129118 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2195493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural bioactive constituents from various food sources for anticancer purposes has become increasingly popular worldwide. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is on the top of the consumed vegetables by the masses. Its raw matrix contains a plethora of phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, along with rich amounts of vitamins, and minerals. Consumption of broccoli-derived phytochemicals provides strong antioxidant effects, particularly due to its sulforaphane content, while modulating numerous molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and tuning enzyme activity. Thus, the inclusion of broccoli in the daily diet lowers the susceptibility to developing cancers. Numerous studies have underlined the undisputable role of broccoli in the diet as a chemopreventive raw food, owing to the content in sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate produced as a result of hydrolysis of precursor glucosinolates called glucoraphanin. This review will provide evidence supporting the specific role of fresh florets and sprouts of broccoli and its key bioactive constituents in the prevention and treatment of different cancers; a number of studies carried out in the in vitro and in vivo conditions as well as clinical trials were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- International Congress of Nutritional Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- Société Marocaine de Micronutrition et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Wajiha Anzar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arshad
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Beley
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shanaida
- Design of Machine Tools, Instruments and Machines Department, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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Connolly EL, Sim M, Travica N, Marx W, Beasy G, Lynch GS, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC. Glucosinolates From Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Potential Role in Chronic Disease: Investigating the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767975. [PMID: 34764875 PMCID: PMC8575925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence highlights the strong potential for a diet rich in fruit and vegetables to delay, and often prevent, the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiometabolic, neurological, and musculoskeletal conditions, and certain cancers. A possible protective component, glucosinolates, which are phytochemicals found almost exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, have been identified from preclinical and clinical studies. Current research suggests that glucosinolates (and isothiocyanates) act via several mechanisms, ultimately exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemo-protective effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding cruciferous vegetables and their glucosinolates in relation to the specified health conditions. Although there is evidence that consumption of a high glucosinolate diet is linked with reduced incidence of chronic diseases, future large-scale placebo-controlled human trials including standardized glucosinolate supplements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Connolly
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma Beasy
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Rocha A, Viegas C. KIMEHS-Proposal of an Index for Qualitative Evaluation of Children's Menus-A Pilot Study. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111618. [PMID: 33172175 PMCID: PMC7694791 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the importance of the food environments for health promotion, and the lack of simple, easy to use, low-cost measures of the quality of meals, the authors developed a qualitative menu index (KIMEHS—Kids’ Menu Healthy Score), tailored to children’s menu evaluation. Development of the tool was based on the Mediterranean food pattern. It includes 18 components, divided into seven main groups that reflect key aspects of menu quality, including protein source, side dishes, vegetables, dessert and beverages, and also allergens and nutritional information. The index was analysed for content and construct validity, as well as inter-rater reliability, and was applied to a sample of menus from restaurants in shopping centres in the Lisbon region. Possible index point ranges from −17 to 17, with a higher score indicating greater compliance with the recommendations. A value of 5.5 is obtained if all KIMEHS items are available, considering healthy and non-healthy options. The inter-rater reliability was assessed and values above 0.80 were obtained for Alpha Cronbach, as well as agreement % rate >75%. Agreement percentage is above 75% for all the components. Evaluated restaurants scored from −14 to 7, with an average KIMEHS of −6.15. Only four restaurants scored positive values, ranging from 0.25 to 7. KIMEHS was considered to be an adequate index to evaluate children’s menus, from the menu information displayed on restaurant websites and/or on restaurant displays or table menus. It is a simple, low-cost tool that may be used as a reference for health professionals as an objective measure to evaluate the food environment. Stakeholders could also be involved in their own assessment to help educate consumers about healthy food choices, strengthening the efforts to promote an adequate food pattern and health, contributing to the fight against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Rocha
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Porto, 4150 180 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Claudia Viegas
- Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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