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Li S, Mu R, Guo X. Defensins regulate cell cycle: Insights of defensins on cellular proliferation and division. Life Sci 2024; 349:122740. [PMID: 38777302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Defensins are a class of small antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role against pathogens. However, recent research has highlighted defensins exhibit the ability to influence cell cycle checkpoints, promoting or inhibiting specific phases such as G1 arrest or S/M transition. By regulating the cell cycle, defensins impact the proliferation of normal and cancerous cells, with implications for cancer development and progression. Dysregulation of defensin expression can disrupt the delicate balance of cell cycle regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and an increased risk of tumor formation. Defensins contribute to the resolution of inflammation, stimulate angiogenesis, and enhance the migration and proliferation of cells involved in tissue repair. Furthermore, The ability of defensins to respond to microenvironmental changes further demonstrates the significance of these peptides in host defense mechanisms and immune function. By adjusting their expression, defensins continue to combat pathogens effectively and maintain homeostasis within the body. This review highlights the multifaceted role of defensins in regulating the cell cycle and their broader implications in cancer progression, tissue repair, and microenvironmental response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Rongrong Mu
- Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, The Third People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xueqin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Gaomi City People's Hospital, Gaomi 261500, China
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Takallu S, Mirzaei E, Zakeri Bazmandeh A, Ghaderi Jafarbeigloo HR, Khorshidi H. Addressing Antimicrobial Properties in Guided Tissue/Bone Regeneration Membrane: Enhancing Effectiveness in Periodontitis Treatment. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:779-807. [PMID: 38300991 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) are the two surgical techniques generally used for periodontitis disease treatment. These techniques are based on a barrier membrane to direct the growth of new bone and gingival tissue at sites with insufficient volumes or dimensions of bone or gingiva for proper function, esthetics, or prosthetic restoration. Numerous studies have highlighted biocompatibility, space-creation, cell-blocking, bioactivity, and proper handling as essential characteristics of a membrane's performance. Given that bacterial infection is the primary cause of periodontitis, we strongly believe that addressing the antimicrobial properties of these membranes is of utmost importance. Indeed, the absence of effective inhibition of periodontal pathogens has been recognized as a primary factor contributing to the failure of GTR/GBR membranes. Therefore, we suggest considering antimicrobial properties as one of the key factors in the design of GTR/GBR membranes. Antibiotics are potent medications frequently administered systemically to combat microbes and mitigate bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in a surge in bacterial resistance. To overcome this challenge, alternative antibacterial substances have been developed. In this review, we explore the utilization of alternative substances with antimicrobial properties for topical application in membranes. The use of antibacterial nanoparticles, phytochemical compounds, and antimicrobial peptides in this context was investigated. By carefully selecting and integrating antimicrobial agents into GTR/GBR membranes, we can significantly enhance their effectiveness in combating periodontitis. These antibacterial substances not only act as barriers against pathogenic bacteria but also promote the process of periodontal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Takallu
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7133654361, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7133654361, Iran
| | - Abbas Zakeri Bazmandeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7133654361, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ghaderi Jafarbeigloo
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
- Student Research Center committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hooman Khorshidi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7195615878, Iran
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Liao W, Ni C, Ge R, Li Y, Jiang S, Yang W, Yan F. Nel-like Molecule Type 1 Combined with Gold Nanoparticles Modulates Macrophage Polarization, Osteoclastogenesis, and Oral Microbiota in Periodontitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8442-8458. [PMID: 38335323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of host-microbe homeostasis and uncontrolled inflammatory response have been considered as vital causes for developing periodontitis, subsequently leading to an imbalance between the bone and immune system and the collapse of bone homeostasis. Consequently, strategies to modulate the immune response and bone metabolization have become a promising approach to prevent and treat periodontitis. In this study, we investigated the cooperative effects of Nel-like molecule type 1 (Nell-1) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on macrophage polarization, osteoclast differentiation, and the corresponding functions in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats. Nell-1-combined AuNPs in in vitro studies were found to reduce the production of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, p < 0.0001; IL-6, p = 0.0012), modulate the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages by inducing macrophage polarization into the M2 phenotype, and inhibit cell fusion, maturation, and activity of osteoclasts. Furthermore, the local application of Nell-1-combined AuNPs in in vivo studies resulted in alleviation of damages to the periodontal and bone tissues, modulation of macrophage polarization and the activity of osteoclasts, and alteration of the periodontal microbiota, in which the relative abundance of the probiotic Bifidobacterium increased (p < 0.05). These findings reveal that Nell-1-combined AuNPs could be a promising drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. However, Nell-1-combined AuNPs did not show organ toxicity or impair the integrity of intestinal epithelium but alter the gut microbiota, leading to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The adverse impact of changes in gut microbiota needs to be further investigated. Nonetheless, this study provides a novel perspective and direction for the biological safety assessment of biomaterials in oral clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Liao
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Can Ni
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ruiyang Ge
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Yanfen Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shaoyun Jiang
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shenzhen 5180036, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Qiao M, Tang W, Xu Z, Wu X, Huang W, Zhu Z, Wan Q. Gold nanoparticles: promising biomaterials for osteogenic/adipogenic regulation in bone repair. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2307-2333. [PMID: 36809480 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects are a common bone disease, which are usually caused by accidents, trauma and tumors. However, the treatment of bone defects is still a great clinical challenge. In recent years, research on bone repair materials has continued with great success, but there are few reports on the repair of bone defects at a high lipid level. Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor in the process of bone defect repair, which has a negative impact on the process of osteogenesis, increasing the difficulty of bone defect repair. Therefore, it is necessary to find materials that can promote bone defect repair under the condition of hyperlipidemia. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been applied in the fields of biology and clinical medicine for many years and developed to modulate osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation. In vitro and vivo studies displayed that they promoted bone formation and inhibited fat accumulation. Further, the metabolism and mechanisms of AuNPs acting on osteogenesis/adipogenesis were partially revealed by researchers. This review further clarifies the role of AuNPs in osteogenic/adipogenic regulation during the process of osteogenesis and bone regeneration by summarizing the related in vitro and in vivo research, discussing the advantages and challenges of AuNPs and highlighting several possible directions for future research, with the aim to provide a new strategy for dealing with bone defects in hyperlipidemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China. .,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China. .,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China. .,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qianbing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China. .,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Jiao J, Tian Y, Li Y, Liang Y, Deng S, Wang W, Wang Y, Lin Y, Tian Y, Li C. Metal-organic framework-based nanoplatform enhance fibroblast activity to treat periodontitis. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:19-29. [PMID: 36244739 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
After periodontal tissue injury, reconstruct soft tissue sealing around the tooth surface is of fundamental importance to treat periodontitis. Among multiple cell types, fibroblast plays a central role in reestablishing functional periodontium. To enhance fibroblast activity, a novel metal-organic framework-based nanoplatform is fabricated using mesoporous Prussian blue (MPB) nanoparticles to load baicalein (BA), named MPB-BA. Drug release test displayed sustained BA release of MPB-BA. Cell proliferation, transwell migration and wound healing tests revealed accelerated fibroblast proliferation and migration for the established MPB-BA nanoplatform. Moreover, vinculin immunofluorescence staining, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed up-regulated vinculin protein and integrin α5 and integrin β1 gene expressions for MPB-BA, suggesting improved cell adhesion. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson trichromatic staining suggested superior anti-inflammatory and collagen fiber reconstruction effects for MPB-BA in a rat experimental periodontitis model in vivo. Our study may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yujuan Tian
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Ying Li
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yunkai Liang
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Shu Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Wanmeng Wang
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yi Lin
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Changyi Li
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University
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