Virtual and augmented reality in biomedical engineering

Transformative Frontiers: A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Technologies in Modern Healthcare

The rapid evolution of emerging technologies in healthcare is reshaping the field of medical practices and patient outcomes, ushering in an era of unprecedented innovation. This narrative review touches upon the transformative impacts of various technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), the internet of medical things (IoMT), remote patient monitoring (RPM), financial technology (fintech) integration, cloud migration, and the pivotal role of machine learning (ML). It emphasizes the collaborative impact of these technologies, which is reshaping the healthcare landscape. Virtual reality and AR revolutionize medical training, IoMT extends healthcare boundaries, RPM facilitates proactive care, and fintech integration enhances financial processes. Cloud migration ensures scalable and efficient data management, while ML harnesses algorithms for diagnostic precision and personalized treatment.

The Integration of 3D Virtual Reality and 3D Printing Technology as Innovative Approaches to Preoperative Planning in Neuro-Oncology

Our study explores the integration of three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) and 3D printing in neurosurgical preoperative planning. Traditionally, surgeons relied on two-dimensional (2D) imaging for complex neuroanatomy analyses, requiring significant mental visualization. Fortunately, nowadays advanced technology enables the creation of detailed 3D models from patient scans, utilizing different software. Afterwards, these models can be experienced through VR systems, offering comprehensive preoperative rehearsal opportunities. Additionally, 3D models can be 3D printed for hands-on training, therefore enhancing surgical preparedness. This technological integration transforms the paradigm of neurosurgical planning, ensuring safer procedures.

Current Trends and Beyond Conventional Approaches: Advancements in Breast Cancer Surgery through Three-Dimensional Imaging, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and the Emerging Metaverse

Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent cancer globally, necessitating comprehensive care. A multidisciplinary approach proves crucial for precise diagnosis and treatment, ultimately leading to effective disease management. While surgical interventions continue to evolve and remain integral for curative treatment, imaging assumes a fundamental role in breast cancer detection. Advanced imaging techniques not only facilitate improved diagnosis but also contribute significantly to the overall enhancement of breast cancer management. This review article aims to provide an overview of innovative technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and three-dimensional imaging, utilized in the medical field to elevate the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Additionally, the article delves into an emerging technology known as the metaverse, still under development. Through the analysis of impactful research and comparison of their findings, this study offers valuable insights into the advantages of each innovative technique. The goal is to provide physicians, surgeons, and radiologists with information on how to enhance breast cancer management.

Early introduction of simulation in the medical curriculum: the MedInTo perspective

Despite the increasing body of evidence supporting the use of simulation in medicine, a question remains: when should we introduce it into the medical school's curriculum? We present the experience and future perspectives of the MD program in Medicine and Surgery of University of Turin-MedInTo. Since its launch, MedInTo has been dedicated to integrating innovative teaching approaches at the early stages into the medical curriculum. Herewith, we describe a case-based approach for our activities, which includes the utilization of simulation for emergency medical care training for students and the integration of virtual and augmented reality technology. Dedicated surgical training activities using virtual-augmented reality and life-like simulator for students are also described.