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Peres SV, Arantes PE, Fagundes MDA, Ab'Saber AM, Gimenes DL, Curado MP, Vieira RADC. Molecular subtypes as a prognostic breast cancer factor in women users of the São Paulo public health system, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 26:e230028. [PMID: 37255208 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the prognosis of women with breast cancer by molecular subtypes, sociodemographic variables, and clinical and treatment characteristics. METHODS This hospital-based retrospective cohort study analyzed 1,654 women over 18 years of age diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 2000 to 2018. Data were extracted from Brazil's Oncocenter Foundation of São Paulo. The variables analyzed were age, histology, molecular subtypes, clinical staging, treatment type, and diagnosis-to-treatment time. Cox regression analysis was applied to estimate death risk. RESULTS Women with HER-2-positive (nonluminal) and triple-negative molecular subtypes were more than twice more likely to be at risk of death, with adjusted hazard ratio - HRadj=2.30 (95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.34-3.94) and HRadj=2.51 (95%CI 1.61-3.92), respectively. A delayed treatment associated with an advanced clinical stage at diagnosis increased fourfold the risk of death (HRadj=4.20 (95%CI 2.36-7.49). CONCLUSION In summary, besides that interaction between advanced clinical stage and longer time between diagnosis and treatment, HER-2-positive (nonluminal) and triple-negative phenotypes were associated with a worse prognosis. Therefore, actions to reduce barriers in diagnosis and treatment can provide better outcome, even in aggressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Verzinhasse Peres
- Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo, Department of Information and Epidemiology - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Paola Engelmann Arantes
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Centro International de Pesquisa, Cancer Epidemiology and Statistics Group - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Marcela de Araújo Fagundes
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Centro International de Pesquisa, Cancer Epidemiology and Statistics Group - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Alexandre Muxfeldt Ab'Saber
- Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo, Department of Pathology - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Clinical Hospital - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Daniel Luiz Gimenes
- Grupo Oncoclínicas de São Paulo, Department of Mastology - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Centro International de Pesquisa, Cancer Epidemiology and Statistics Group - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - René Aloisio da Costa Vieira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, Graduate Program in Obstetrics and Gynecology - Botucatu (SP), Brazil
- Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, Graduate Program in Oncology - Barretos (SP), Brazil
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Sarria GR, Martinez DA, Li B, Castillo RD, Salgado A, Pinillos L, Felix A, Bobadilla I, Ferraris G, Castilho M, Carmona J, Leon B, Aviles L, Ricagni L, Isa N, Flores C, Giordano FA, Zubizarreta EH, Polo A, Sarria GJ. Leveling Up the Access to Radiation Therapy in Latin America: Economic Analysis of Investment, Equity, and Inclusion Opportunities Up to 2030. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 116:448-458. [PMID: 36549348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Latin America faces a shortage in radiation therapy (RT) units and qualified personnel for timely and high-quality treatment of patients with cancer. Investing in equitable and inclusive access to RT over the next decade would prevent thousands of deaths. Measuring the investment gap and payoff is necessary for stakeholder discussions and capacity planning efforts. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data were collected from the International Atomic Energy Agency's Directory of Radiotherapy Centers, industry stakeholders, and individual surveys sent to national scientific societies. Nationwide data on available devices and personnel were compiled. The 10 most common cancers in 2020 with RT indication and their respective incidence rates were considered for gap calculations. The gross 2-year financial return on investment was calculated based on an average monthly salary across Latin America. A 10-year cost projection was calculated according to the estimated population dynamics for the period until 2030. RESULTS Eleven countries were included in the study, accounting for 557,213,447 people in 2020 and 561 RT facilities. Approximately 1,065,684 new cancer cases were diagnosed, and a mean density of 768,469 (standard deviation ±392,778) people per available unit was found. By projecting the currently available treatment fractions to determine those required in 2030, it was found that 62.3% and 130.8% increases in external beam RT and brachytherapy units are needed from the baseline, respectively. An overall regional investment of approximately United States (US) $349,650,480 in 2020 would have covered the existing demand. An investment of US $872,889,949 will be necessary by 2030, with the expectation of a 2-year posttreatment gross return on investment of more than US $2.1 billion from patients treated in 2030 only. CONCLUSIONS Investment in RT services is lagging in Latin America in terms of the population's needs. An accelerated outlay could save additional lives during the next decade, create a self-sustaining system, and reduce region-wide inequities in cancer care access. Cash flow analyses are warranted to tailor precise national-level intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R Sarria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Rayos Contra Cancer, Inc, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - David A Martinez
- Rayos Contra Cancer, Inc, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncosalud-Auna, Lima, Peru
| | - Benjamin Li
- Rayos Contra Cancer, Inc, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Apolo Salgado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Instituto Nacional del Cancer, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Luis Pinillos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncosalud-Auna, Lima, Peru
| | - Armando Felix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital de Oncologia Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI - IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Bobadilla
- Radiotherapy Unit, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center - CTIC, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Ferraris
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centro de Radioterapia Dean Funes, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Marcus Castilho
- Radiotherapy Center, Hospital Felicio Rocho, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jorge Carmona
- Radiotherapy Unit, Oncoserv, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - Barbara Leon
- Radiotherapy Technical Unit, Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Leandro Ricagni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital de Clinicas, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolas Isa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinica IRAM, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudio Flores
- Department of Epidemiology and Applied Research, Auna Ideas, Lima, Peru
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alfredo Polo
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustavo J Sarria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncosalud-Auna, Lima, Peru; Department of Radiotherapy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru
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Schelfhout S, Vandecasteele R, De Maesschalck S, D’hondt F, Willems S, Derous E. Intercultural Competence Predicts Intercultural Effectiveness: Test of an Integrative Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084490. [PMID: 35457357 PMCID: PMC9026297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Why does someone thrive in intercultural situations; while others seem to struggle? In 2014, Leung and colleagues summarized the literature on intercultural competence and intercultural effectiveness into a theoretical framework. This integrative framework hypothesizes that the interrelations between intercultural traits, intercultural attitudes and worldviews, and intercultural capabilities predict the effectiveness with which individuals respond to intercultural situations. An empirically verified framework can contribute to understanding intercultural competence and effectiveness in health care workers, thus contributing to more equity in health care. The present study sets out to test this integrative framework in a specific health care context. Future health care practitioners (N = 842) in Flanders (Belgium) were questioned on all multidimensional components of the framework. Structural equation modeling showed that our data were adequate to even a good fit with the theoretical framework, while providing at least partial evidence for all hypothesized relations. Results further showed that intercultural capabilities remain the major gateway toward more effective intercultural behavior. Especially the motivation and cognition dimensions of cultural intelligence seem to be key factors, making these dimensions an excellent target for training, practical interventions, and identifying best practices, ultimately supporting greater intercultural effectiveness and more equity in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Schelfhout
- Research Group Vocational and Personnel Psychology, Department of Work, Organisation and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Interdepartmental Research Group Vocational and Personnel Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Robin Vandecasteele
- Research Group Equity in Health Care, Quality & Safety, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, University Hospital Campus Entrance 42, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (S.D.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Stéphanie De Maesschalck
- Research Group Equity in Health Care, Quality & Safety, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, University Hospital Campus Entrance 42, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (S.D.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Fanny D’hondt
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sara Willems
- Research Group Equity in Health Care, Quality & Safety, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, University Hospital Campus Entrance 42, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (S.D.M.); (S.W.)
- Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Derous
- Research Group Vocational and Personnel Psychology, Department of Work, Organisation and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, H. Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Interdepartmental Research Group Vocational and Personnel Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Barrios C, Freitas-Junior R, Martins S, Bines J, Del Pilar Estevez-Diz M, Caleffi M. Challenge of Incorporating New Drugs for Breast Cancer in Brazil: A Proposed Framework for Improving Access to Innovative Therapies. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:474-485. [PMID: 33822641 PMCID: PMC8081546 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this review is to address the barriers limiting access to treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in Brazil, specifically for patients in the public health care system, arguably those with the least access to innovation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A selected panel of Brazilian experts in BC were provided with a series of relevant questions to address in a multiday conference. During the conference, responses were discussed and edited by the entire group through numerous drafts and rounds of discussion until a consensus was achieved. RESULTS The authors propose specific and realistic recommendations for implementing access to new drugs in cancer care in Brazil. Moreover, in creating these recommendations and framework, the authors strive to address the most important barriers and impediments for technology incorporation. A feasible and specific multidisciplinary process is proposed, which is based on the collective participation of all involved stakeholders. CONCLUSION Given the current benefits and likely future developments, there is a great need to expand treatments for mBC not only in Brazil but also in most other countries in the world where access issues remain an unresolved demand. Adapting the current framework is essential for accomplishing this goal. The recommendations in this review can serve as a framework for adoption of new technologies in countries with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barrios
- Grupo Oncoclínicas, Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ruffo Freitas-Junior
- CORA, Advanced Center for Diagnosis of Breast Diseases, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
- Araujo Jorge Hospital of Associação de Combate ao Câncer em Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sandro Martins
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Brasília/EBSERH, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jose Bines
- Clínica São Vicente, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Del Pilar Estevez-Diz
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo/Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Onco Star Rede D'Or, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira Caleffi
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Femama, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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A multilevel assessment of the social determinants associated with the late stage diagnosis of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2712. [PMID: 33526801 PMCID: PMC7851160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The advanced-stage diagnosis of breast cancer reveals the inequalities associated with socioeconomic conditions and the offer of health services. This study analyzes the prevalence of advanced breast cancer and its relationship with individual and contextual socioeconomic indicators and offer of health service. A cross-sectional study is presented herein, on the assessment of malignant breast neoplasms in women diagnosed between 2006 and 2015 (n = 195,201). Data were collected from the Hospital Cancer Registry (HCR), Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, and from the National Registry of Health Institutions (NRHI). A multilevel Poisson Regression was carried out with random intercept. The prevalence of advanced breast cancer diagnosis was 40.0%. Advanced staging was associated with younger age groups (PR 1.41), race/nonwhite (PR 1.13), lower education levels (PR 1.38), and public access to health services (PR 1.25). There was also an association with a low density of mammographic equipment (PR 1.08), and with low indices of local social inequality (PR 1.33) and human development (PR 0.80). This study maps and highlights the causes related to inequalities in the diagnosis of advanced breast cancer in Brazil, and presents essential data to reorient public policies and health-related actions to strengthen the control of breast cancer in Brazil.
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Villar Uribe M, Escobar ML, Ruano AL, Iunes RF. Realizing the right to health in Latin America, equitably. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:34. [PMID: 33441143 PMCID: PMC7804898 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This special issue “Realizing the Right to Health in Latin America and the Caribbean” provides an overview of one of the most challenging objectives of health systems: equity and the realization of the right to health. In particular, it concentrates on the issues associated with such a challenge in countries suffering of deep inequity. The experience in Latin America and the Caribbean demonstrates that the efforts of health systems to achieve Universal Health Coverage are necessary but not sufficient to achieve an equitable realization of the right to health for all. The inequitable realization of all other human rights also determines the realization of the right to health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Lorena Ruano
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health at University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center for the Study of Equity and Governance in Health Systems (CEGSS), Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Gonçalves R, Soares-Jr JM, Baracat EC, Filassi JR. Ethical issues surrounding breast cancer screening in Brazil. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e1573. [PMID: 31721910 PMCID: PMC6827325 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gonçalves
- Setor de Mastologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - José Maria Soares-Jr
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - José Roberto Filassi
- Setor de Mastologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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