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Talapko J, Talapko D, Katalinić D, Kotris I, Erić I, Belić D, Vasilj Mihaljević M, Vasilj A, Erić S, Flam J, Bekić S, Matić S, Škrlec I. Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Human Body. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:653. [PMID: 38674299 PMCID: PMC11052428 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Radioactivity is a process in which the nuclei of unstable atoms spontaneously decay, producing other nuclei and releasing energy in the form of ionizing radiation in the form of alpha (α) and beta (β) particles as well as the emission of gamma (γ) electromagnetic waves. People may be exposed to radiation in various forms, as casualties of nuclear accidents, workers in power plants, or while working and using different radiation sources in medicine and health care. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs in subjects exposed to a very high dose of radiation in a very short period of time. Each form of radiation has a unique pathophysiological effect. Unfortunately, higher organisms-human beings-in the course of evolution have not acquired receptors for the direct "capture" of radiation energy, which is transferred at the level of DNA, cells, tissues, and organs. Radiation in biological systems depends on the amount of absorbed energy and its spatial distribution, particularly depending on the linear energy transfer (LET). Photon radiation with low LET leads to homogeneous energy deposition in the entire tissue volume. On the other hand, radiation with a high LET produces a fast Bragg peak, which generates a low input dose, whereby the penetration depth into the tissue increases with the radiation energy. The consequences are mutations, apoptosis, the development of cancer, and cell death. The most sensitive cells are those that divide intensively-bone marrow cells, digestive tract cells, reproductive cells, and skin cells. The health care system and the public should raise awareness of the consequences of ionizing radiation. Therefore, our aim is to identify the consequences of ARS taking into account radiation damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Darko Katalinić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivan Kotris
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- General Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ivan Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Center, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dino Belić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mila Vasilj Mihaljević
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Health Center Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ana Vasilj
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Health Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Flam
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Matić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Francisco LFV, da Silva RN, Oliveira MA, Dos Santos Neto MF, Gonçalves IZ, Marques MMC, Silveira HCS. Occupational Exposures and Risks of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092600. [PMID: 37174074 PMCID: PMC10177442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group with different types of diseases. It remains unclear as to what has led to an increase in incidences of NHL, however, chemical substance exposure is known to be one of the risk factors for the disease. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional observational epidemiological studies to verify the association between occupational exposure to carcinogens and NHL risk. Articles between the years 2000 and 2020 were collected. Two different reviewers performed a blind selection of the studies using the Rayyan QCRI web app. Post-completion, the selected articles were extracted and analyzed via the RedCap platform. Our review resulted in 2719 articles, of which 51 were included in the meta-analysis, resulting in an overall OR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.04-1.55). Furthermore, it was observed that the main occupation associated with the increased risk of NHL was that in which workers are exposed to pesticides. We therefore conclude that the evidence synthesis of the epidemiological literature supports an increased risk for NHL, regardless of subtype, considering occupational exposure to certain chemical compounds, mainly pesticides, benzene, and trichlorethylene, and certain classes of work, primarily in the field of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogério Nunes da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Health, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78008-000, MT, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-390, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcia M C Marques
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-390, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique C S Silveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-390, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Health, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá 78008-000, MT, Brazil
- Campus São Paulo, University of Anhanguera, São Paulo 04119-901, SP, Brazil
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Matrat M, Gain M, Haioun C, Le Bras F, Nisse C, Morschhauser F, Clin B, Baldi I, Verdun-Esquer C, Garnier R, Laborde-Castérot H, Hérin F, Esquirol Y, Andujar P, Belacel M, Chouaïd C, Chauvet C, Lasfargues G, Pairon JC. Development of a Questionnaire for the Search for Occupational Causes in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The RHELYPRO Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4008. [PMID: 33920383 PMCID: PMC8068898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are possibly related to environmental and/or occupational exposure. The primary objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire for screening patients with these blood disorders who might benefit from a specialized consultation for possible recognition of the disease as an occupational disease. The study included 205 subjects (male gender, 67.3%; mean age, 60 years; NHL, 78.5%). The questionnaire performed very satisfactorily in identifying the exposures most frequently retained by experts for their potential involvement in the occurrence of NHL. Its sensitivity and specificity in relation to the final expertise were 96% and 96% for trichloroethylene, 85% and 82% for benzene, 78% and 87% for solvents other than trichloroethylene and dichloromethane, 87% and 95% for pesticides, respectively. Overall, 15% of the subjects were invited to ask National Social Insurance for compensation as occupational disease. These declarations concerned exposure to pesticides (64%), solvents (trichloroethylene: 29%; benzene: 18%; other than chlorinated solvents: 18%) and sometimes multiple exposures. In conclusion, this questionnaire appears as a useful tool to identify NHL patients for a specialized consultation, in order to ask for compensation for occupational disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Matrat
- Service des Pathologies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement, CHI Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.M.); (M.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Murielle Gain
- Service des Pathologies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement, CHI Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.M.); (M.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Corinne Haioun
- INSERM, IMRB, Paris Est Créteil University, F-94010 Créteil, France;
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Unité Hémopathies Lymphoïdes, F-94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Fabien Le Bras
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Unité Hémopathies Lymphoïdes, F-94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Catherine Nisse
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, 4483-IMPECS-Impact de l’environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Franck Morschhauser
- ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Bénédicte Clin
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU de Caen, INSERM U1086, Cancers et Préventions, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14033 Caen, France;
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Service Santé Travail Environnement, CHU Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, EPICENE, Bordeaux University, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (I.B.); (C.V.-E.)
| | - Catherine Verdun-Esquer
- Service Santé Travail Environnement, CHU Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, EPICENE, Bordeaux University, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (I.B.); (C.V.-E.)
| | - Robert Garnier
- Centre Antipoison de Paris, Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle et de l’Environnement, AP-HP, Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal-St Louis, F-75475 Paris, France; (R.G.); (H.L.-C.)
| | - Hervé Laborde-Castérot
- Centre Antipoison de Paris, Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle et de l’Environnement, AP-HP, Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal-St Louis, F-75475 Paris, France; (R.G.); (H.L.-C.)
| | - Fabrice Hérin
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Toulouse, F-31059 Toulouse, France; (F.H.); (Y.E.)
| | - Yolande Esquirol
- Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, CHU Toulouse, F-31059 Toulouse, France; (F.H.); (Y.E.)
| | - Pascal Andujar
- Service des Pathologies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement, CHI Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.M.); (M.G.); (P.A.)
- INSERM, IMRB, Paris Est Créteil University, F-94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Milia Belacel
- Institut Santé-Travail Paris-Est, CHI Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Christos Chouaïd
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, CHI Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Claire Chauvet
- Anses, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Gérard Lasfargues
- Anses, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (C.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Jean-Claude Pairon
- Service des Pathologies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement, CHI Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France; (M.M.); (M.G.); (P.A.)
- INSERM, IMRB, Paris Est Créteil University, F-94010 Créteil, France;
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