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Pu S, Peng S, Zhu J, Liu Z, Long D, Lim T. Characteristics of PM2.5 and Its Correlation with Feed, Manure and NH3 in a Pig-Fattening House. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030145. [PMID: 35324770 PMCID: PMC8951050 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM), including PM2.5 in pig houses, has received increasing attention due to the potential health risks associated with PM. At present, most studies have analyzed PM2.5 in Chinese pig houses utilizing natural ventilation. These results, however, are strongly affected by the internal structure and regional environment, thus limiting their applicability to non-mechanically ventilated pig houses. This experiment was carried out in an environmentally controlled pig house. The animal feeding operation and manure management in the house were typical for Southwest China. To reduce the influence of various environmental factors on PM2.5, the temperature and humidity in the house were maintained in a relatively stable state by using an environmental control system. The concentration of PM2.5 in the pig house was monitored, while the biological contents and chemical composition of PM2.5 were analyzed, and feed, manure, and dust particles were scanned using an electron microscope. Moreover, bacterial and fungal contents and some water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were identified. The results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 in the pig house was strongly affected by pig activity, and a phenomenon of forming secondary particles in the pig house was found, although the transformation intensity was low. The concentration of PM2.5 had negative correlations of 0.27 and 0.18 with ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, respectively. Interestingly, a stronger correlation was observed between ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations (the concentration of ammonia had stronger positive correlations with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide concentrations at +0.44 and +0.59, respectively). The main potential sources of PM2.5 production were feed and manure. We speculate that manure could contribute to the broken, rough, and angular particles that formed the pig house PM2.5 that easily adhered to other components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Pu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Siyi Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Dingbiao Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.)
| | - TengTeeh Lim
- Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.)
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Hong SW, Park J, Jeong H, Kim M. Evaluation of the microbiome composition in particulate matter inside and outside of pig houses. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:640-650. [PMID: 34189511 PMCID: PMC8203996 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) produced in pig houses may contain microbes which can
spread by airborne transmission, and PM and microbes in PM adversely affect
human and animal health. To investigate the microbiome in PM from pig houses,
nine PM samples were collected in summer 2020 inside and outside of pig houses
located in Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do Province, Korea, comprising three PM
samples from within a nursery pig house (I-NPH), three samples from within a
finishing pig house (I-FPH), and three samples from outside of the pig houses
(O-PH). Microbiomes were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
Firmicutes was the most dominant phylum and accounted for 64.8%–97.5% of
total sequences in all the samples, followed by Proteobacteria
(1.4%–21.8%) and Bacteroidetes (0.3%–13.7%). In total, 31 genera
were represented by > 0.3% of all sequences, and only
Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, and
Aerococcus differed significantly among the three PM sample
types. All three genera were more abundant in the I-FPH samples than in the O-PH
samples. Alpha diversity indices did not differ significantly among the three PM
types, and a principal coordinate analysis suggested that overall microbial
communities were similar across PM types. The concentration of PM did not
significantly differ among the three PM types, and no significant correlation of
PM concentration with the abundance of any potential pathogen was observed. The
present study demonstrates that microbial composition in PM inside and outside
of pig houses is similar, indicating that most microbe-containing PM inside pig
houses leaks to the outside from where it, along with microbe-containing PM on
the outside, may re-enter the pig houses. Our results may provide useful
insights regarding strategies to mitigate potential risk associated with pig
farming PM and pathogens in PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Woon Hong
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jinseon Park
- AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hanna Jeong
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Ain NU, Qamar SUR. Particulate Matter-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction: A Mechanistic Insight. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:505-516. [PMID: 33886046 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution and particulate matter (PM) are significant factors for adverse health effects most prominently cardiovascular disease (CVD). PM is produced from various sources, which include both natural and anthropogenic. It is composed of biological components, organic compounds, minerals, and metals, which are responsible for inducing inflammation and adverse health effects. However, the adverse effects are related to PM size distribution. Finer particles are a significant cause of cardiovascular events. This review discusses the direct and indirect mechanisms of PM-induced CVD like myocardial infarction, the elevation of blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. The two potential mechanisms are oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Prenatal exposure has also been linked with cardiovascular outcomes later in life. Moreover, we also mentioned the epidemiological studies that strongly associate PM with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Ain
- Departmetnt of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall Road, Kachari Chowk, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Safi Ur Rehman Qamar
- Integrated Genomics, Cellular, Developmental, and Biotechnology Laboratory (IGCDBL), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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