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Ebrahimnezhad M, Valizadeh A, Majidinia M, Tabnak P, Yousefi B. Unveiling the potential of FOXO3 in lung cancer: From molecular insights to therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116833. [PMID: 38843589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer poses a significant challenge regarding molecular heterogeneity, as it encompasses a wide range of molecular alterations and cancer-related pathways. Recent discoveries made it feasible to thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer, giving rise to the possibility of novel therapeutic strategies relying on molecularly targeted drugs. In this context, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), a member of forkhead transcription factors, has emerged as a crucial protein commonly dysregulated in cancer cells. The regulation of the FOXO3 in reacting to external stimuli plays a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis as a component of the molecular machinery that determines whether cells will survive or dies. Indeed, various extrinsic cues regulate FOXO3, affecting its subcellular location and transcriptional activity. These regulations are mediated by diverse signaling pathways, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and protein interactions that eventually drive post-transcriptional modification of FOXO3. Nevertheless, while it is no doubt that FOXO3 is implicated in numerous aspects of lung cancer, it is unclear whether they act as tumor suppressors, promotors, or both based on the situation. However, FOXO3 serves as an intriguing possible target in lung cancer therapeutics while widely used anti-cancer chemo drugs can regulate it. In this review, we describe a summary of recent findings on molecular mechanisms of FOXO3 to clarify that targeting its activity might hold promise in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimnezhad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Amir Valizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Peyman Tabnak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Mintoo M, Rajagopalan V, O'Bryan JP. Intersectin - many facets of a scaffold protein. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1-13. [PMID: 38174740 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Intersectin (ITSN) is a multi-domain scaffold protein with a diverse array of functions including regulation of endocytosis, vesicle transport, and activation of various signal transduction pathways. There are two ITSN genes located on chromosomes 21 and 2 encoding for proteins ITSN1 and ITSN2, respectively. Each ITSN gene encodes two major isoforms, ITSN-Long (ITSN-L) and ITSN-Short (ITSN-S), due to alternative splicing. ITSN1 and 2, collectively referred to as ITSN, are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, such as neuronal maintenance, actin cytoskeletal rearrangement, and tumor progression. ITSN is mis-regulated in many tumors, such as breast, lung, neuroblastomas, and gliomas. Altered expression of ITSN is also found in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes recent studies on ITSN and provides an overview of the function of this important family of scaffold proteins in various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Mintoo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, U.S.A
| | - Vinodh Rajagopalan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, U.S.A
| | - John P O'Bryan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, U.S.A
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, U.S.A
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3
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Xu L, Yang L, Wu Y, Wan X, Tang X, Xu Y, Chen Q, Liu Y, Liu S. Rac1/PAK1 signaling contributes to bone cancer pain by Regulation dendritic spine remodeling in rats. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231161031. [PMID: 36938611 PMCID: PMC10028669 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231161031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is severe chronic pain caused by tumor metastasis to the bones, often resulting in significant skeletal remodeling and fractures. Currently, there is no curative treatment. Therefore, insight into the underlying mechanisms could guide the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for BCP. We speculated that Rac1/PAK1 signaling plays a critical role in the development of BCP. Tumor cells implantation (TCI) into the tibial cavity resulted in bone cancer-associated mechanical allodynia. Golgi staining revealed changes in the excitatory synaptic structure of WDR (Wide-dynamic range) neurons in the spinal cord, including increased postsynaptic density (PSD) length and thickness, and width of the cleft. Behavioral and western blotting test revealed that the development and persistence of pain correlated with Rac1/PAK1 signaling activation in primary sensory neurons. Intrathecal injection of NSC23766, a Rac1 inhibitor, reduced the persistence of BCP as well as reversed the remodeling of dendrites. Therefore, we concluded that activation of the Rac1/PAK1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord plays an important role in the development of BCP through remodeling of dendritic spines. Modulation of the Rac1/PAK1 pathway may be a potential strategy for BCP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower
Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihui Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepeng Liu
- Institute of Xuzhou Medical
Science, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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4
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The Mechanism of Rac1 in Regulating HCC Cell Glycolysis Which Provides Underlying Therapeutic Target for HCC Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7319641. [PMID: 35847360 PMCID: PMC9279021 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7319641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim To explore the role of Rac1 on sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods CCK-8, wound healing assay, Transwell, and cell cycle assay were used to detect the tumor cells development. Cell viability was assessed by MTT. The glycolytic pathway was revealed by cellular metabolism assays. Result We recovered that Rac1 upregulation was related to HCC patients' poorer prognosis. Forced expression of Rac1 promoted cell development and sorafenib chemoresistance in HCC cells. Rac1 inhibitor EHop-016 and sorafenib combination markedly prevented cell viability, G2/M phase cycle arrest, and apoptosis than single therapy. Furthermore, combination therapy decreased glycolysis in HCC cells. In vivo, the tumor growth was significantly prevented by combination therapy single therapy. Conclusion Our research declares that Rac1 inhibition could block sorafenib resistance in HCC by decreasing glycolysis, which would provide an underlying target for HCC therapy.
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Vakhrusheva A, Murashko A, Trifonova E, Efremov Y, Timashev P, Sokolova O. Role of Actin-binding Proteins in the Regulation of Cellular Mechanics. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Cheng F, Wang C, Ji Y, Yang B, Shu J, Shi K, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Huang X, Zhou X, Xia K, Liang C, Chen Q, Li F. Partial reprogramming strategy for intervertebral disc rejuvenation by activating energy switch. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13577. [PMID: 35266272 PMCID: PMC9009234 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rejuvenation of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in degenerative discs can reverse intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Partial reprogramming is used to rejuvenate aging cells and ameliorate progression of aging tissue to avoiding formation of tumors by classical reprogramming. Understanding the effects and potential mechanisms of partial reprogramming in degenerative discs provides insights for development of new therapies for IDD treatment. The findings of the present study show that partial reprogramming through short‐term cyclic expression of Oct‐3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c‐Myc (OSKM) inhibits progression of IDD, and significantly reduces senescence related phenotypes in aging NPCs. Mechanistically, short‐term induction of OSKM in aging NPCs activates energy metabolism as a “energy switch” by upregulating expression of Hexokinase 2 (HK2) ultimately promoting redistribution of cytoskeleton and restoring the aging state in aging NPCs. These findings indicate that partial reprogramming through short‐term induction of OSKM has high therapeutic potential in the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yufei Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Xiamen Cancer Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Shaoke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China
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7
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Zhang H, Guo Z, Liu X, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Zhang M, Fu L, Gu F, Ma Y. Endocytic protein intersectin1-S shuttles into nucleus to suppress the DNA replication in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:922. [PMID: 34625530 PMCID: PMC8501101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. However, the well-known molecular biomarkers are not enough to meet the needs of precision medicine. In search for novel targets in this regard, we reported ITSN1 (intersectin1) as one of the candidates through mRNA microarray analysis. In the present study, we reported that endocytic protein ITSN1-S exists not only in the cytoplasm but also in nuclei of breast cancer cells. ITSN1-S' functional nuclear localization signal is within its residues 306-312. Its nuclear export signal (NES) resides within its SH3 domains. We also found, the interaction between the CC domain of nuclear ITSN1-S and the NT domain of nuclear DNA helicase II (NDH II) directly suppressed the DNA replication and nascent DNA synthesis by inhibiting the R-loops resolution in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the interaction between the EH domains of cytoplasmic ITSN1-S and PI3KC2α inhibit cell migration and invasion by inactivating the PI3KC2α-AKT pathway. Our results were confirmed in both ITSN1 gene knockout cells and in vivo assays. Finally, our clinical data showed a potential application of the combined consideration of the cytoplasmic and nuclear ITSN1-S as an independent prognosis factor. In conclusion, our study revealed ITSN1-S' novel positioning in the nuclei of breast cancer cells, its function in suppressing DNA replication, and its potential application in improved breast cancer prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Replication
- DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Endocytosis
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nuclear Localization Signals
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Wound Healing
- src Homology Domains
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikun Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhifang Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzi Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Gu K, Liu G, Wu C, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Zhang R, Wang J. Tryptophan improves porcine intestinal epithelial cell restitution through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8787-8799. [PMID: 34374393 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of tryptophan on cell migration and its underlying mechanism in porcine intestine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). This study shows that tryptophan can modulate IPEC-J2 cell proliferation, enhance cell migration and the protein concentration of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR), total ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (total Rac1), Rho family member 1 of GTP-binding protein (GTP-rac1), and phosphorylated phospholipase Cγ1 (p-PLC-γ1). Moreover, Rac1, phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) silencing or CaSR inhibitor (NPS2143) inhibited tryptophan-induced upregulation of cell migration. In contrast, tryptophan enhanced the cell migration area and protein concentration of total Rac1, GTP-rac1, and phosphorylated PLCγ1 in cells transfected with wild type CaSR. The overexpression of CaSR increased cell migration, which was reduced by Rac1 or PLC-γ1 silencing. Collectively, our results suggested that tryptophan can improve IPEC-J2 cell migration through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. and Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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9
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Progress in the therapeutic inhibition of Cdc42 signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1443-1456. [PMID: 34100887 PMCID: PMC8286826 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, controlling cell motility, polarity and cell cycle progression. It signals downstream of the master regulator Ras and is essential for cell transformation by this potent oncogene. Overexpression of Cdc42 is observed in several cancers, where it is linked to poor prognosis. As a regulator of both cell architecture and motility, deregulation of Cdc42 is also linked to tumour metastasis. Like Ras, Cdc42 and other components of the signalling pathways it controls represent important potential targets for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we consider the progress that has been made targeting Cdc42, its regulators and effectors, including new modalities and new approaches to inhibition. Strategies under consideration include inhibition of lipid modification, modulation of Cdc42-GEF, Cdc42-GDI and Cdc42-effector interactions, and direct inhibition of downstream effectors.
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10
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Gerasymchuk D, Hubiernatorova A, Domanskyi A. MicroRNAs Regulating Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Endocytosis, and Cell Motility-A Link Between Neurodegeneration and Cancer? Front Neurol 2020; 11:549006. [PMID: 33240194 PMCID: PMC7680873 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.549006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is one of the most mobile and complex cell structures. It is involved in cellular transport, cell division, cell shape formation and adaptation in response to extra- and intracellular stimuli, endo- and exocytosis, migration, and invasion. These processes are crucial for normal cellular physiology and are affected in several pathological processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Some proteins, participating in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), play an important role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization, and formation of invadopodia in cancer cells and are also deregulated in neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is still limited information about the factors contributing to the regulation of their expression. MicroRNAs are potent negative regulators of gene expression mediating crosstalk between different cellular pathways in cellular homeostasis and stress responses. These molecules regulate numerous genes involved in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and degeneration. Growing evidence suggests the role of microRNAs in the regulation of endocytosis, cell motility, and invasiveness. By modulating the levels of such microRNAs, it may be possible to interfere with CME or other processes to normalize their function. In malignancy, the role of microRNAs is undoubtful, and therefore changing their levels can attenuate the carcinogenic process. Here we review the current advances in our understanding of microRNAs regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics, CME and cell motility with a special focus on neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. We investigate whether current literature provides an evidence that microRNA-mediated regulation of essential cellular processes, such as CME and cell motility, is conserved in neurons, and cancer cells. We argue that more research effort should be addressed to study the neuron-specific functions on microRNAs. Disease-associated microRNAs affecting essential cellular processes deserve special attention both from the view of fundamental science and as future neurorestorative or anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Gerasymchuk
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Qin S, Predescu DN, Patel M, Drazkowski P, Ganesh B, Predescu SA. Sex differences in the proliferation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells: implications for plexiform arteriopathy. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/9/jcs237776. [PMID: 32409569 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex-biased disease pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the proliferation and overgrowth of dysfunctional pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). During inflammation associated with PAH, granzyme B cleaves intersectin-1 to produce N-terminal (EHITSN) and C-terminal (SH3A-EITSN) protein fragments. In a murine model of PAH, EHITSN triggers plexiform arteriopathy via p38-ELK1-c-Fos signaling. The SH3A-EITSN fragment also influences signaling, having dominant-negative effects on ERK1 and ERK2 (also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively). Using PAECs engineered to express tagged versions of EHITSN and SH3A-EITSN, we demonstrate that the two ITSN fragments increase both p38-ELK1 activation and the ratio of p38 to ERK1 and ERK2 activity, leading to PAEC proliferation, with female cells being more responsive than male cells. Furthermore, expression of EHITSN substantially upregulates the expression and activity of the long non-coding RNA Xist in female PAECs, which in turn upregulates the X-linked gene ELK1 and represses expression of krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). These events are recapitulated by the PAECs of female idiopathic PAH patients, and may account for their proliferative phenotype. Thus, upregulation of Xist could be an important factor in explaining sexual dimorphism in the proliferative response of PAECs and the imbalanced sex ratio of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dan N Predescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Monal Patel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Patrick Drazkowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Balaji Ganesh
- Division of Bioanalytics, Biophysics and Cytomics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sanda A Predescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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12
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Wang Q, Zhang H, Liang Y, Jiang H, Tan S, Luo F, Yuan Z, Chen Y. A Novel Method to Efficiently Highlight Nonlinearly Expressed Genes. Front Genet 2020; 10:1410. [PMID: 32082366 PMCID: PMC7006292 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For precision medicine, there is a need to identify genes that accurately distinguish the physiological state or response to a particular therapy, but this can be challenging. Many methods of analyzing differential expression have been established and applied to this problem, such as t-test, edgeR, and DEseq2. A common feature of these methods is their focus on a linear relationship (differential expression) between gene expression and phenotype. However, they may overlook nonlinear relationships due to various factors, such as the degree of disease progression, sex, age, ethnicity, and environmental factors. Maximal information coefficient (MIC) was proposed to capture a wide range of associations of two variables in both linear and nonlinear relationships. However, with MIC it is difficult to highlight genes with nonlinear expression patterns as the genes giving the most strongly supported hits are linearly expressed, especially for noisy data. It is thus important to also efficiently identify nonlinearly expressed genes in order to unravel the molecular basis of disease and to reveal new therapeutic targets. We propose a novel nonlinearity measure called normalized differential correlation (NDC) to efficiently highlight nonlinearly expressed genes in transcriptome datasets. Validation using six real-world cancer datasets revealed that the NDC method could highlight nonlinearly expressed genes that could not be highlighted by t-test, MIC, edgeR, and DEseq2, although MIC could capture nonlinear correlations. The classification accuracy indicated that analysis of these genes could adequately distinguish cancer and paracarcinoma tissue samples. Furthermore, the results of biological interpretation of the identified genes suggested that some of them were involved in key functional pathways associated with cancer progression and metastasis. All of this evidence suggests that these nonlinearly expressed genes may play a central role in regulating cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Wang
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-Making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-Making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-Making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Heling Jiang
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-Making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqiao Tan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Zheming Yuan
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-Making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Agricultural Big Data Analysis & Decision-Making, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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13
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Vohnoutka RB, Gulvady AC, Goreczny G, Alpha K, Handelman SK, Sexton JZ, Turner CE. The focal adhesion scaffold protein Hic-5 regulates vimentin organization in fibroblasts. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:3037-3056. [PMID: 31644368 PMCID: PMC6880880 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion (FA)-stimulated reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton regulates cellular size, shape, and mechanical properties. However, FA cross-talk with the intermediate filament cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Genetic ablation of the FA-associated scaffold protein Hic-5 in mouse cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promoted a dramatic collapse of the vimentin network, which was rescued following EGFP-Hic-5 expression. Vimentin collapse correlated with a loss of detergent-soluble vimentin filament precursors and decreased vimentin S72/S82 phosphorylation. Additionally, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis indicated impaired vimentin dynamics. Microtubule (MT)-associated EB1 tracking and Western blotting of MT posttranslational modifications indicated no change in MT dynamics that could explain the vimentin collapse. However, pharmacological inhibition of the RhoGTPase Cdc42 in Hic-5 knockout CAFs rescued the vimentin collapse, while pan-formin inhibition with SMIFH2 promoted vimentin collapse in Hic-5 heterozygous CAFs. Our results reveal novel regulation of vimentin organization/dynamics by the FA scaffold protein Hic-5 via modulation of RhoGTPases and downstream formin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishel B Vohnoutka
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Anushree C Gulvady
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Gregory Goreczny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Kyle Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Samuel K Handelman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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14
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Xie C, Xiong W, Li J, Wang X, Xu C, Yang L. Intersectin 1 (ITSN1) identified by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation as a key candidate biological target in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7079-7093. [PMID: 31564893 PMCID: PMC6722439 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most common cancers, breast carcinoma is the most common disease in women. Intersectin 1 (ITSN1) contributes to the actin cytoskeleton reconstruction in breast cancer. Purpose The objective of this study to explore the functions of ITSN1 in breast carcinoma. Methods We downloaded microarray datasets GSE8087, GSE50697, and GSE98238 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING database, and the modules from PPI network were verified by Cytoscape software. Gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway were used to analyze the biological functions using the DAVID database. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, UALCAN, and Human Protein Atlas databases were used to investigate the characteristics of ITSN1 for the prognosis of breast carcinoma. Cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and colony formation assays were used to detect cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation. RT-PCR and Western blot assays were used to detect ITSN1, Ki67, and cleaved caspase-3 expressions. Results Low expressions of ITSN1 were significantly associated with clinical cancer stages. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed low expression of ITSN1 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. ITSN1 inhibition could promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis, while ITSN1 overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation and increase cell apoptosis by regulating the levels of expression of Ki67 and cleaved-caspase-3. Conclusion The results indicated that ITSN1 could be a prognostic biomarker for survivals of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Xiong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, NanChang City, Jiangxi Province 330029, People's Republic of China
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15
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Guo ML, Sun MX, Lan JZ, Yan LS, Zhang JJ, Hu XX, Xu S, Mao DH, Yang HS, Liu YW, Chen TX. Proteomic analysis of the effects of cell culture density on the metastasis of breast cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:72-83. [PMID: 30773657 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell progression and proliferation increase cell density, resulting in changes to the tumour site, including the microenvironment. What is not known is if increased cell density influences the aggressiveness of cancer cells, especially their proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities. In this study, we found that dense cell culture enhances the aggressiveness of the metastatic cancer cell lines, 4T1 and ZR-75-30, by increasing their proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities. However, a less metastatic cell line, MCF-7, did not show an increase in aggressiveness, following dense cell culture conditions. We conducted a differential proteomic analysis on 4T1 cells cultured under dense or sparse conditions and identified an increase in expression for proteins involved in migration, including focal adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization, and transendothelial migration. In contrast, 4T1 cells grown under sparse conditions had higher expression levels for proteins involved in metabolism, including lipid and phospholipid binding, lipid and cholesterol transporter activity, and protein binding. These results suggest that the high-density tumour microenvironment can cause a change in cellular behaviour, leading towards more aggressive cancers. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Metastasis of cancer cells is an obstacle to the clinical treatment of cancer. We found that dense cultures made metastatic cancer cells more potent in terms of proliferation, migration, and invasion. The proteomic and bioinformatic analyses provided some valuable clues for further intensive studies about the effects of cell density on cancer cell aggressiveness, which were associated with events such as pre-mRNA splicing and RNA transport, focal adhesion and cytoskeleton reorganization, ribosome biogenesis, and transendothelial migration, or associated with proteins, such as JAM-1 and S100A11. This investigation gives us new perspectives to investigate the metastasis mechanisms related to the microenvironment of tumour sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Lan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi-Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Sha Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing-Juan Zhang
- Human Functional Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Da-Hua Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Wudang Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hai-Song Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Wudang Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya-Wei Liu
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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FoxO3a inhibiting expression of EPS8 to prevent progression of NSCLC: A new negative loop of EGFR signaling. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:198-209. [PMID: 30738830 PMCID: PMC6413682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The resistance to EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a major challenge in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind resistance is therefore an important issue. Here we assessed the role of EGFR pathway substrate 8 (EPS8) and Forkhead box O 3a (FoxO3a) as potentially valuable targets in the resistance of NSCLC . Methods The expression levels of EPS8 and FoxO3a in patients with NSCLC (n = 75) were examined by immunohistochemistry staining, while in cells were detected by qPCR and western blot. The effects of EPS8 and FoxO3a on resistance, migration and invasion, cell cycle arrest were detected by MTT, transwell and flow cytometry, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the mechanisms of EPS8 expression and FoxO3a regulation. Findings We observed that the expression of EPS8 inversely correlated with FoxO3a in NSCLC cell lines and NSCLC patients. FoxO3a levels were significantly decreased in tumor tissues compared with para-carcinoma tissues, while EPS8 is opposite. Besides, they play reverse roles in the resistance to gefitinib, the migration and invasion abilities, the cell cycle arrest in vitro and the tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, FoxO3a inhibits EPS8 levels by directly binding its gene promoter and they form a negative loop in EGFR pathway. Interpretation Targeting FoxO3a and EPS8 in EGFR signaling pathway prevents the progression of NSCLC, which implied that the negative loop they formed could served as a therapeutic target for overcoming resistance in NSCLC. Funds National Natural Science Foundation of China, Science and Technology Project of Henan, Outstanding Young Talent Research Fund of Zhengzhou University and the National Scholarship Fund.
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17
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Predescu D, Qin S, Patel M, Bardita C, Bhalli R, Predescu S. Epsin15 Homology Domains: Role in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1393. [PMID: 30333761 PMCID: PMC6176378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intersectin-1s (ITSN) deficiency and expression of a biologically active ITSN fragment, result of granzyme B cleavage under inflammatory conditions associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), are characteristics of lung tissue of human and animal models of PAH. Recently, we have shown that this ITSN fragment comprising two Epsin15 homology domains (EHITSN) triggers endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and the plexiform arteriopathy in PAH. Limited evidence also indicates that the EH domains of endocytic proteins such as ITSN, upregulate compensatory endocytic pathways in cells with impaired vesicular trafficking. Thus, we sought to investigate whether the EHITSN may be involved in this compensatory mechanism for improving the EC endocytic dysfunction induced by ITSN deficiency and possibly contribute to PAH pathogenesis. We used stably-transfected human pulmonary artery ECs expressing the Myc-EHITSN (ECEH-ITSN) and ITSN knockout heterozygous mice (K0ITSN+/-) transduced with the Myc-EHITSN, in conjunction with functional assays: the biotin assay for caveolae internalization and 8 nm gold (Au)- and dinitrophenylated (DNP)-albumin perfusion of murine lung microvasculature. Pulmonary artery ECs of PAH patients (ECPAH), ITSN knockdown ECs (ECKD-ITSN), the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced mouse and rat models of PAH, as well as untreated animals, served as controls. ELISA via streptavidin-HRP or anti-DNP antibody (Ab), applied on ECs and lung lysates indicated greater than 30% increase in biotin internalization in ECEH-ITSN compared to ECCtrl. Despite their endocytic deficiency, ECPAH internalized biotin similar to ECCtrl which is twofold higher compared to ECKD-ITSN. Moreover, the lung microvascular bed of Myc-EHITSN-transduced mice and MCT-treated animals showed greater than twofold increase in DNP-BSA transendothelial transport, all compared to untreated controls. Electron microscopy (EM) revealed the increased occurrence of non-conventional endocytic/transcytotic structures (i.e., caveolae clusters, tubulo-vesicular and enlarged endocytic structures, membranous rings), usually underrepresented. Most of these structures were labeled by Au-BSA, consistent with their involvement in the transendothelial transport. Furthermore, ITSN deficiency and EHITSN expression alter the subcellular localization of the EH-binding protein 1 (EHBP1) and cortical actin organization, altogether supporting the increase occurrence/trafficking of the alternative endocytic structures. Thus, the EHITSN by shifting the physiological vesicular (caveolae) transport toward the alternative endocytic pathways is a significant contributor to the dysfunctional molecular phenotype of ECPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Predescu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Monal Patel
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cristina Bardita
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rabia Bhalli
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sanda Predescu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Shah T, Qin S, Vashi M, Predescu DN, Jeganathan N, Bardita C, Ganesh B, diBartolo S, Fogg LF, Balk RA, Predescu SA. Alk5/Runx1 signaling mediated by extracellular vesicles promotes vascular repair in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:19. [PMID: 29931538 PMCID: PMC6013417 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary endothelial cells’ (ECs) injury and apoptotic death are necessary and sufficient for the pathogenesis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), regardless of epithelial damage. Interaction of dysfunctional ECs with circulatory extracellular vesicles (EVs) holds therapeutic promise in ARDS. However, the presence in the blood of long-term ARDS survivors of EVs with a distinct phenotype compared to the EVs of non-surviving patients is not reported. With a multidisciplinary translational approach, we studied EVs from the blood of 33 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Results The EVs were isolated from the blood of ARDS and control subjects. Immunoblotting and magnetic beads immunoisolation complemented by standardized flow cytometry and nanoparticles tracking analyses identified in the ARDS patients a subset of EVs with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) origin (CD73+CD105+Cd34−CD45−). These EVs have 4.7-fold greater counts compared to controls and comprise the transforming growth factor-beta receptor I (TβRI)/Alk5 and the Runx1 transcription factor. Time course analyses showed that the expression pattern of two Runx1 isoforms is critical for ARDS outcome: the p52 isoform shows a continuous expression, while the p66 is short-lived. A high ratio Runx1p66/p52 provided a survival advantage, regardless of age, sex, disease severity or length of stay in the intensive care unit. Moreover, the Runx1p66 isoform is transiently expressed by cultured human bone marrow-derived MSCs, it is released in the EVs recoverable from the conditioned media and stimulates the proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ECs. The findings are consistent with a causal effect of Runx1p66 expression on EC proliferation. Furthermore, morphological and functional assays showed that the EVs bearing the Runx1p66 enhanced junctional integrity of LPS-injured ECs and decreased lung histological severity in the LPS-treated mice. Conclusions The expression pattern of Runx1 isoforms might be a reliable circulatory biomarker of ARDS activity and a novel determinant of the molecular mechanism for lung vascular/tissue repair and recovery after severe injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40169-018-0197-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trushil Shah
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UTSouthwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mona Vashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dan N Predescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Niranjan Jeganathan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Cristina Bardita
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Salvatore diBartolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Louis F Fogg
- College of Nursing, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Balk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sanda A Predescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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19
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Shi Z, Zhou H, Pan B, Lu L, Kang Y, Liu L, Wei Z, Feng S. Exploring the key genes and pathways in enchondromas using a gene expression microarray. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43967-43977. [PMID: 28410203 PMCID: PMC5546454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enchondromas are the most common primary benign osseous neoplasms that occur in the medullary bone; they can undergo malignant transformation into chondrosarcoma. However, enchondromas are always undetected in patients, and the molecular mechanism is unclear. To identify key genes and pathways associated with the occurrence and development of enchondromas, we downloaded the gene expression dataset GSE22855 and obtained the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by analyzing high-throughput gene expression in enchondromas. In total, 635 genes were identified as DEGs. Of these, 225 genes (35.43%) were up-regulated, and the remaining 410 genes (64.57%) were down-regulated. We identified the predominant gene ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that were significantly over-represented in the enchondromas samples compared with the control samples. Subsequently the top 10 core genes were identified from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The enrichment analyses of the genes mainly involved in two significant modules showed that the DEGs were principally related to ribosomes, protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, amoebiasis and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Together, these data elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of enchondromas and provide promising candidates for therapeutic intervention and prognostic evaluation. However, further experimental studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
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Wang X, Xu W, Zhan P, Xu T, Jin J, Miu Y, Zhou Z, Zhu Q, Wan B, Xi G, Ye L, Liu Y, Gao J, Li H, Lv T, Song Y. Overexpression of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase contributes to tumour metastasis and correlates with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2177-2189. [PMID: 29377583 PMCID: PMC5867137 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the biological role of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. GGPPS expression was detected in lung adenocarcinoma tissues by qRT‐PCR, tissue microarray (TMA) and western blotting. The relationships between GGPPS expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients were assessed. GGPPS was down‐regulated in SPCA‐1, PC9 and A549 cells using siRNA and up‐regulated in A549 cells using an adenoviral vector. The biological roles of GGPPS in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were determined by MTT and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and transwell and wound‐healing assays, respectively. In addition, the regulatory roles of GGPPS on the expression of several epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were determined. Furthermore, the Rac1/Cdc42 prenylation was detected after knockdown of GGPPS in SPCA‐1 and PC9 cells. GGPPS expression was significantly increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of GGPPS was correlated with large tumours, high TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients. Knockdown of GGPPS inhibited the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells, but did not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, GGPPS inhibition significantly increased the expression of E‐cadherin and reduced the expression of N‐cadherin and vimentin in lung adenocarcinoma cells. In addition, the Rac1/Cdc42 geranylgeranylation was reduced by GGPPS knockdown. Overexpression of GGPPS correlates with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and contributes to metastasis through regulating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Intensive Care Unit, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Wujian Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxiang Xu
- Center of Tumor, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Miu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangmin Xi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Long noncoding RNA LINC00675 enhances phosphorylation of vimentin on Ser83 to suppress gastric cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2018; 412:179-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jeganathan N, Predescu D, Predescu S. Intersectin-1s deficiency in pulmonary pathogenesis. Respir Res 2017; 18:168. [PMID: 28874189 PMCID: PMC5585975 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intersectin-1s (ITSN-1s), a multidomain adaptor protein, plays a vital role in endocytosis, cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell signaling. Recent studies have demonstrated that deficiency of ITSN-1s is a crucial early event in pulmonary pathogenesis. In lung cancer, ITSN-1s deficiency impairs Eps8 ubiquitination and favors Eps8-mSos1 interaction which activates Rac1 leading to enhanced lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. Restoring ITSN-1s deficiency in lung cancer cells facilitates cytoskeleton changes favoring mesenchymal to epithelial transformation and impairs lung cancer progression. ITSN-1s deficiency in acute lung injury leads to impaired endocytosis which leads to ubiquitination and degradation of growth factor receptors such as Alk5. This deficiency is counterbalanced by microparticles which, via paracrine effects, transfer Alk5/TGFβRII complex to non-apoptotic cells. In the presence of ITSN-1s deficiency, Alk5-restored cells signal via Erk1/2 MAPK pathway leading to restoration and repair of lung architecture. In inflammatory conditions such as pulmonary artery hypertension, ITSN-1s full length protein is cleaved by granzyme B into EHITSN and SH3A-EITSN fragments. The EHITSN fragment leads to pulmonary cell proliferation via activation of p38 MAPK and Elk-1/c-Fos signaling. In vivo, ITSN-1s deficient mice transduced with EHITSN plasmid develop pulmonary vascular obliteration and plexiform lesions consistent with pathological findings seen in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. These novel findings have significantly contributed to understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis involved in pulmonary pathology. As demonstrated in these studies, genetically modified ITSN-1s expression mouse models will be a valuable tool to further advance our understanding of pulmonary pathology and lead to novel targets for treating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Predescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University, 1750 W. Harrison Street, 1415 Jelke, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sanda Predescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University Medical Center and Rush Medical College, 1750 W. Harrison Street, 1535 Jelke, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Technical Insights into Highly Sensitive Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Fixed and Live Circulating Tumor Cells for Early Detection of Tumor Invasion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169427. [PMID: 28060956 PMCID: PMC5218415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and Circulating Tumor Microemboli (CTM) are Circulating Rare Cells (CRC) which herald tumor invasion and are expected to provide an opportunity to improve the management of cancer patients. An unsolved technical issue in the CTC field is how to obtain highly sensitive and unbiased collection of these fragile and heterogeneous cells, in both live and fixed form, for their molecular study when they are extremely rare, particularly at the beginning of the invasion process. We report on a new protocol to enrich from blood live CTC using ISET® (Isolation by SizE of Tumor/Trophoblastic Cells), an open system originally developed for marker-independent isolation of fixed tumor cells. We have assessed the impact of our new enrichment method on live tumor cells antigen expression, cytoskeleton structure, cell viability and ability to expand in culture. We have also explored the ISET®in vitro performance to collect intact fixed and live cancer cells by using spiking analyses with extremely low number of fluorescent cultured cells. We describe results consistently showing the feasibility of isolating fixed and live tumor cells with a Lower Limit of Detection (LLOD) of one cancer cell per 10 mL of blood and a sensitivity at LLOD ranging from 83 to 100%. This very high sensitivity threshold can be maintained when plasma is collected before tumor cells isolation. Finally, we have performed a comparative next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of tumor cells before and after isolation from blood and culture. We established the feasibility of NGS analysis of single live and fixed tumor cells enriched from blood by our system. This study provides new protocols for detection and characterization of CTC collected from blood at the very early steps of tumor invasion.
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Durand N, Storz P. Targeting reactive oxygen species in development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 17:19-31. [PMID: 27841037 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1261017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by expression of oncogenic KRas which drives all aspects of tumorigenesis. Oncogenic KRas induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have been implicated in initiation and progression of PDA. To facilitate tumor promoting levels and to avoid oncogene-induced senescence or cytotoxicity, ROS homeostasis in PDA cells is balanced by additional up-regulation of antioxidant systems. Areas covered: We examine the sources of ROS in PDA, the mechanisms by which ROS homeostasis is maintained, and the biological consequences of ROS in PDA. Additionally, we discuss the potential mechanisms for targeting ROS homoeostasis as a point of therapeutic intervention. An extensive review of the relevant literature as it relates to the topic was conducted using PubMed. Expert commentary: Even though oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene have been detected in over 95% of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, targeting its gene product, KRas, has been difficult. The dependency of PDA cells on balancing ROS homeostasis could be an angle for new prevention or treatment strategies. These include use of antioxidants to prevent formation or progression of precancerous lesions, or methods to increase ROS in tumor cells to toxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Durand
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA
| | - Peter Storz
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Mayo Clinic , Jacksonville , FL , USA
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