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Lytle JR, Price T, Crouse SF, Smith DR, Walzem RL, Smith SB. Consuming High-Fat and Low-Fat Ground Beef Depresses High-Density and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations, and Reduces Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Abundance. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020337. [PMID: 36678207 PMCID: PMC9861690 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that consumption of high-fat (HF) ground beef (24% fat) would not affect plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), whereas low-fat (LF) ground beef (5% fat) would decrease HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations. In a randomized 2-period crossover, controlled feeding trial, 25 men (mean age and body mass index, 40 years and 31.2) consumed 115-g HF or LF patties, 5/week for 5 weeks with a 4-week washout. The HF treatment increased % energy from fat (p = 0.006) and saturated fat (p = 0.004) and tended (p = 0.060) to depress % energy from carbohydrates. The HF and LF treatments decreased the plasma concentrations of HDL-C (p = 0.001) and LDL-C (p = 0.011). Both ground beef treatments decreased the abundance of HDL3a and increased the abundance of HDL3 (p ≤ 0.003); the LF treatment also decreased the abundance of HDL2b and HDL2a (p ≤ 0.012). The HF and LF treatments decreased the abundance of LDL3 and LDL4 (p ≤ 0.024) and the HF treatment also decreased LDL5 (p = 0.041). Contrary to our hypothesis, the HF treatment decreased plasma HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations despite increased saturated fat intake, and both treatments decreased the abundance of smaller, denser LDL subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Lytle
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tara Price
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen F. Crouse
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dana R. Smith
- Independent Nutrition Consultant, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Rosemary L. Walzem
- Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen B. Smith
- Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-845-3939
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Streb AR, Braga PGS, de Melo RF, Botelho LJ, Maranhão RC, Del Duca GF. Effects of combined physical exercise on plasma lipid variables, paraoxonase 1 activity, and inflammation parameters in adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1991-1997. [PMID: 35713846 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether combined physical exercise may affect plasma lipid variables, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and inflammation parameters in adults with obesity. METHODS Thirty-six participants were recruited to complete the study protocol. The mean age was 37 ± 1 years, and the baseline body mass index was 33.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2. Participants were allocated to the control group (CG) and the exercise group (EG). The EG performed three weekly sessions of combined physical exercise for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid variables, PON1 activity, and inflammatory profile were determined before and after intervention. RESULTS Total cholesterol levels decreased in both groups, without intergroup difference (time p = 0.001). Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels decreased in both groups (time p = 0.001); however, they were lower in the EG than in the CG (p = 0.038). The EG had increased HDL-C levels, but the CG had decreased HDL-C levels (time*group p = 0.011). PON1 activity was reduced in both groups (time, p = 0.001). The Castelli risk Index I and II reduced in the EG and increased in the CG (time*group, p = 0.008 and p = 0.011, respectively). The inflammatory markers were not modified. CONCLUSION Adults with obesity may benefit from regular practice of combined physical exercise training in many metabolic aspects that are related to protection against the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Streb
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Exercício Físico e Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Centro de Desportos-CDS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - P G S Braga
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - R F de Melo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde-CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - L J Botelho
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Centro de Ciências da Saúde-CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - R C Maranhão
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - G F Del Duca
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Exercício Físico e Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Centro de Desportos-CDS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
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Shah M, Gloeckner A, Bailey S, Adams-Huet B, Kreutzer A, Cheek D, Willis JL, Mitchell J. Effect of a late afternoon/early evening bout of aerobic exercise on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein particle responses to a high-sugar meal breakfast the following day in postmenopausal women: a randomized cross-over study. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:175-184. [PMID: 34565292 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1982497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High-sugar consumption is related to dyslipidemia. How acute exercise affects postprandial lipid and lipoprotein particle responses to a high-sugar meal (HSM) in postmenopausal women is unclear. We examined the effects of a late afternoon/early evening bout of aerobic exercise on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein particle responses to a HSM breakfast the following day in 22 postmenopausal women. Subjects underwent exercise (EX) and no exercise (NE) conditions in the evening 13-16 h before the HSM breakfast consumption, in a random order. During the EX condition, subjects performed supervised aerobic exercise for 60 min at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate. The HSM (75.6% carbohydrate and 33% energy needs) was consumed after a 12-h fast. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were assessed at baseline and postprandially (60, 120, 180 min). Repeated measures analysis showed significantly lower area under the curve (geometric means [95% CI]) for triglycerides (TG) (2.96[2.43, 3.61] vs. 3.24[2.70, 3.88] mmol/L*hr; p = 0.049) and very low density lipoprotein particles (VLDLP) (114.6[88.2, 148.9] vs. 134.3[108.1, 166.9] nmol/L*hr; p = 0.02) during the EX versus NE condition. There were no condition effects for other variables. In conclusion, the EX versus NE condition lowered postprandial AUC for TG and VLDLP following HSM consumption in postmenopausal women.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02919488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Shah
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Adam Gloeckner
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah Bailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Andreas Kreutzer
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Dennis Cheek
- Department of Nursing, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Jada L Willis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Joel Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Shah M, Adams-Huet B, Franklin B, Phillips M, Mitchell J. The Effects of High-Protein and High-Monounsaturated Fat Meals on Postprandial Lipids, Lipoprotein Particle Numbers, Cytokines, and Leptin Responses in Overweight/Obese Subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:150-158. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meena Shah
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Brian Franklin
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Melody Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Joel Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
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Shah M, Jaffery M, Adams-Huet B, Franklin B, Oliver J, Mitchell J. Effect of meal composition on postprandial lipid concentrations and lipoprotein particle numbers: A randomized cross-over study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172732. [PMID: 28222178 PMCID: PMC5319704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear how high-protein (HP) and high-monounsaturated fat (HMF) meals affect postprandial blood lipids and lipoprotein particle numbers (LPN). Purpose To compare a HP versus a HMF meal on postprandial lipid and LPN responses. Methods Twenty-four participants (age: 36.3±15.0 years; body mass index: 23.6±2.0 kg/m2; 45.8% female) were fed a HP (31.9% energy from protein) and a HMF (35.2% fat and 20.7% monounsaturated fat) meal in a randomized cross-over trial design. Energy and carbohydrate content were the same across meals. Blood samples were drawn in the fasting state and 3 hour postprandial state, and assessed for lipids and LPN. Results Repeated measures analysis showed a significant (p<0.05) treatment by time interaction effect for triglycerides (TG), the primary variable, total high-density lipoprotein particles (T-HDLP) and T-HDLP minus large-buoyant high-density lipoprotein 2b (T-HDLP—LB-HDL2b). HP versus HMF condition led to significantly lower TG at 120 (geometric mean: 90.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 76.4–106.3) vs. 146.5 (124.2–172.9) mg/dL) and 180 (101.4 (83.1–123.8) vs. 148.7 (121.9–181.4) mg/dL) min and higher T-HDLP at 120 (mean difference: 297.3 (95% CI: 48.6–545.9) nmol/L) and 180 (291.6 (15.8–567.5) nmol/L) min. The difference in T-HDLP by condition was due to the significantly higher small-dense HDLP (T-HDLP—LB-HDL2b) during HP versus HMF condition at 120 (mean difference: 452.6 (95% CI: 177.4–727.9) nmol/L) and 180 (496.8 (263.1–730.6) nmol/L) min. Area under the curve analysis showed that HP versus HMF condition led to significantly lower TG, non-HDLP, and very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDLP) responses but significantly less favorable responses in LB-HDL2b particles, T-HDLP—LB-HDL2b, and LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP ratio. Conclusion The HP meal led to lower TG, non-HDLP, and VLDLP but less favorable LB-HDL2b, small-dense HDLP, and LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP ratio responses versus a HMF meal. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings over multiple meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Shah
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Manall Jaffery
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian Franklin
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Oliver
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joel Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
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Crouse SF, White S, Erwin JP, Meade TH, Martin SE, Oliver JM, Joubert DP, Lambert BS, Bramhall JP, Gill K, Weir D. Echocardiographic and Blood Pressure Characteristics of First-Year Collegiate American-Style Football Players. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117:131-4. [PMID: 26554673 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Echocardiographic (echo) and blood pressure (BP) reference values may help identify athletes at cardiovascular risk, yet benchmarks are inadequate for collegiate American-style football (ASF) players. Our purpose was to describe echo characteristics and BP values in collegiate ASF athletes compared with normal. First-year players (n = 80, age = 18 ± 1 years, height = 186 ± 7 cm, weight = 100.1 ± 22.0 kg, body mass index = 28.7 ± 5.0), body surface area [BSA] = 2.24 ± 0.25; percentage fat = 16.5 ± 9.7%) were measured for systolic and diastolic BP, and underwent echo procedures by a certified sonographer. Data analyses included simple statistics, Pearson r, frequencies in normal ranges, and t test; α = 0.05. Selected echo measurements (and indexed by BSA) were: left ventricular (LV) internal diameter diastole = 5.3 ± 0.5 cm (2.4 ± 0.3); left atrial diameter = 3.9 ± 0.5 cm (1.8 ± 0.2): LV end-diastolic volume = 138 ± 30 ml (62 ± 11); septal wall thickness = 1.0 ± 0.2 cm (0.5 ± 0.1); LV posterior wall thickness = 1.0 ± 0.1 cm (0.5 ± 0.1), LV mass = 212 ± 46 g (95 ± 18); and relative wall thickness = 0.39 ± 0.07. Correlations between BSA and echo variables were significant (r = 0.26 to 0.50). Indexing by BSA reduced percentages above reference ranges from 36% to 7%. Septal wall thickness index was significantly greater in black (0.5 ± 0.1) than nonblack (0.4 ± 0.1) athletes. Fifty-nine athletes were hypertensive or prehypertensive, and diastolic BP was significantly greater in black (76 ± 10 mm Hg) compared with nonblack athletes (71 ± 8 mm Hg). ASF athletes demonstrated LV wall thicknesses and cavity sizes consistent with sport-training hypertrophy but which were unremarkable when indexed by BSA. Ethnicity generally did not influence echo variables. No ASF players were identified with cardiac dysfunction or disease.
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