Targeting doxorubicin encapsulated in stealth liposomes to solid tumors by non thermal diode laser

Curcumin-Loaded Liposome Preparation in Ultrasound Environment under Pressurized Carbon Dioxide

Curcumin-loaded liposomes were prepared using a supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2)−ultrasound environment system. The experiments were performed at temperatures of 40−70 °C and pressures of 10−25 MPa in a batch system with ultrasonication for 60 min. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed liposome products with spherical morphologies and diameters of <100 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated that the curcumin-loaded liposome nanosuspension exhibited good stability. Changing the operating conditions influenced the amount of liposome-encapsulated curcumin; as the operating temperature or pressure increased, the diameter of the liposome products and the amount of liposome-encapsulated curcumin increased and decreased, respectively. Herein, we described an innovative and practical organic-solvent-free method for generating liposomes from phospholipids.

Research Progress of Nanomaterial Mechanics for Targeted Treatment of Muscle Strains in Sports Rehabilitation Training

More and more people are beginning to recognize the important role of intelligent rehabilitation training equipment in rehabilitation treatment and continue to carry out related researches. The use of intelligent robot technology for rehabilitation treatment has been rapidly developed, and it has achieved rapid progress on a global scale. Especially in some developed countries, this field has also received corresponding attention in some developed cities in China in recent years. Mesoporous nanomaterials have unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Mesoporous nanomaterials can be combined with chemotherapy drugs to minimize the harm caused by chemotherapy drugs to the human body and improve the therapeutic effect. As a result, the cure rate has been improved, and it has shown deep potential in breast cancer chemotherapy. Fifty breast cancer patients were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, each with 25 cases. The control group was treated with conventional chemotherapeutics, and the experimental group was treated with molecular targeted therapy to compare the treatment effects of the two groups. Studies have shown that the recurrence rate and the occurrence probability of complications in the experimental group are significantly lower than those in the control group. Molecular targeted therapy for breast cancer has obvious effects, which reduces the recurrence rate of complications or diseases, and is less toxic.

Polyethylenimine and sodium cholate-modified ethosomes complex as multidrug carriers for the treatment of melanoma through transdermal delivery

Aim: Multidrug resistance is the main reason for the failure of chemotherapy during the treatment of the tumor. To overcome multidrug resistance, this study attempts to develop a novel transdermal drug-delivery system (TDDS) loading cytotoxic drug and chemosensitizer. Materials & methods: The polyethylenimine-modified ethosomes (Eth^-PEI) and sodium cholate-modified ethosomes (Eth^-SC) were firstly fabricated, and then a novel TDDS based on the carriers complex of Eth^-PEI/Eth^-SC was prepared by electrostatic interaction and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: The Eth^-PEI/Eth^-SC showed the excellent antitumor effect on treating melanoma, using doxorubicin and curcumin as the cytotoxic drug and chemosensitizer, respectively. Conclusion: The as-prepared TDDS composed of Eth^-PEI/Eth^-SC loading multidrug is an effective means for treating melanoma.

Enhancing anticancer effects, decreasing risks and solving practical problems facing 3-bromopyruvate in clinical oncology: 10 years of research experience

3-Bromopyruvate (3BP) is a promising powerful general anticancer agent. Unfortunately, 3BP release faces many practical and biochemical problems in clinical human oncology, for example, 3BP induces burning venous sensation (during intravenous infusion) and rapid inactivation by thiol groups of glutathione and proteins. 3BP exhibits resistance in glutathione-rich tumors without being able to exert selective targeting. 3BP does not cross the blood–brain barrier and cannot treat nervous system tumors. Importantly, 3BP cannot persist in tumor tissues due to the phenomenon of enhanced permeability and retention effect. Here, the author presents the practical solutions for clinical problems facing 3BP use in clinical oncology, based on over 10 years of experience in 3BP research. Crude (unformulated 3BP that is purchased from chemical companies without being formulated in liposomes or other nanocarriers) should not be administered in clinical oncology. Instead, 3BP is better formulated with liposomes, polyethylene glycol (PEG), PEGylated liposomes (stealth liposomes) or perillyl alcohol that are used currently with many chemotherapeutics for treating clinical tumors in cancer patients. Formulating 3BP with targeted liposomes, for example, with folate, transferrin or other ligands, improves tumor targeting. Formulating 3BP with liposomes, PEG, stealth liposomes or perillyl alcohol may improve its pharmacokinetics, hide it from thiols in the circulation, protect it from serum proteins and enzymes, prevent burning sensation, prolong 3BP’s longevity and facilitate crossing the BBB. Formulating 3BP with stealth liposomes protects 3BP from the reticuloendothelial cells. Liposomal 3BP formulations may retain 3BP better inside the relatively large tumor capillary pores (abolish enhanced permeability and retention effect) sparing normal tissues, facilitate new delivery routes for 3BP (eg, topical and intranasal 3BP administration using perillyl alcohol) and improve cancer cytotoxicity. Formulating 3BP may be promising in overcoming many obstacles in clinical oncology.

Lipid-based nanovesicles for nanomedicine

Multifunctional lipid-based nanovesicles (L-NVs) prepared by molecular self-assembly of membrane components together with (bio)-active molecules, by means of compressed CO₂-media or other non-conventional methods lead to highly homogeneous, tailor-made nanovesicles that are used for advanced nanomedicine. Confocal microscopy image of siRNA transfection using L-NVs, reprinted with permission from de Jonge,et al.,Gene Therapy, 2006,13, 400–411.