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Badawy S, Liu Y, Guo M, Liu Z, Xie C, Marawan MA, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Maximiliano JE, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a functional food: Is it beneficial or not? Food Res Int 2023; 172:113158. [PMID: 37689911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has attracted great attention in recent years as a popular class of functional food that is broadly used. It refers to a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with a conjugated double bond. The main natural sources of CLA are dairy products, beef and lamb, whereas only trace amounts occur naturally in plant lipids. CLA has been shown to improve various health issues, having effects on obesity, inflammatory, anti-carcinogenicity, atherogenicity, immunomodulation, and osteosynthesis. Also, compared to studies on humans, many animal researches reveal more positive benefits on health. CLA represents a nutritional avenue to improve lifestyle diseases and metabolic syndrome. Most of these effects are attributed to the two major CLA isomers [conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11 isomer (c9,t11), and conjugated linoleic acid trans-10,cis-12 isomer (t10,c12)], and their mixture (CLA mix). In contrast, adverse effects of CLA have been also reported, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and induction of colon carcinogenesis in humans, as well as milk fat inhibition in ruminants, lowering chicken productivity, influencing egg quality and altering growth performance in fish. This review article aims to discuss the health benefits of CLA as a nutraceutical supplement and highlight the possible mechanisms of action that may contribute to its outcome. It also outlines the feasible adverse effects of CLA besides summarizing the recent peer-reviewed publications on CLA to ensure its efficacy and safety for proper application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badawy
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Pathology Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Yanan Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Marawan A Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Białek M, Białek A, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Zaworski K, Czauderna M. Evaluation of the influence of diet supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid isomers on elemental composition in the cardio-oncological nutritional programming rat' model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126816. [PMID: 34329902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'developmental origin of health and disease' (DOHaD) hypothesis assumes that due to the action of some stimuli during fetal life the long-term physiological changes occurs and may affects the risk of various diseases. The main aim of this study was to assess impact of supplementation of maternal' and early postnatal diet with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers on selected elements content in hearts of their female offspring with chemically induced breast cancer. METHODS Elemental composition was determined by quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP-MS). RESULTS The effect of maternal' diet on the elements content was more pronounced than the progeny diet modifications. Significant correlations among determined elements, especially macroelements, and lipidomic parameters, in the experimental factors dependent manner were observed. It can be concluded that supplementation of maternal and progeny diets with CLA isomers may significantly influence the contents of both macro- and microelements in cardiac tissue of newborns. CONCLUSION Our results also indicate, that dynamic and intricate balance among various elements in body may be affected by the lipid dietary supplements also in the pathological state. Utility of cardio-oncological approach in developmental programming study was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Zaworski
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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Ringseis R, Peter L, Gessner DK, Meyer S, Most E, Eder K. Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on the antioxidant status and stress response pathways in tissues of growing pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:237-250. [PMID: 34251937 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1950106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insect meal (IM) produced from edible insects, such as Tenebrio molitor, has been recognised as a potentially suitable protein component in feeding rations for monogastric livestock. While several studies with broilers have shown that animal´s health is not negatively affected by IM, less is known with regard to the influence of IM on metabolism of pigs. The present study investigates whether IM from Tenebrio molitor larvae causes oxidative stress and activates oxidative stress-sensitive signalling pathways in key metabolic tissues of pigs. To address this question, male 5-week-old crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 pigs each and fed nutrient-adequate, isonitrogenous diets either without (CON) or with 5% IM or 10% IM from Tenebrio molitor larvae for 4 weeks. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, tocopherols and glutathione in liver, gastrocnemius muscle and/or plasma did not differ between groups. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and of GPX and SOD in gastrocnemius muscle were not different between groups, whereas the activity of CAT in skeletal muscle was increased in the two IM-fed groups compared to group CON (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of most of the target genes of oxidative stress-sensitive signalling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response, in liver and gastrocnemius muscle did not differ between the three groups. The present study shows that feeding a diet containing adequate levels of antioxidants, such as vitamin E and selenium, and Tenebrio molitor larvae meal as a protein component neither causes oxidative stress nor activates oxidative stress-sensitive signalling pathways in key metabolic tissues of growing pigs. Based on these observations, IM from Tenebrio molitor larvae can be regarded as a safe source of protein in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lukas Peter
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Zeitz JO, Ehbrecht T, Fleischmann A, Most E, Gessner DK, Friedrichs S, Sparenberg M, Failing K, Whelan R, Lütjohann D, Eder K. Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation on Tissue and Plasma Antioxidant Status and Concentrations of Oxidation Products of Cholesterol and Phytosterols in Heat-Processed Thigh Muscle of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2050. [PMID: 33167600 PMCID: PMC7694460 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the hypothesis that supplementation with methionine (Met) as DL-Met (DLM) in excess of the National Research Council (NRC) recommendations improves the antioxidant system in broilers was investigated. Day-old male Cobb-500 broilers (n = 72) were divided into three groups which were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with two levels of DLM in which the concentrations of Met + Cys exceeded the recommendations of NRC by 15-20% (group DLM 1) or 30-40% (group DLM 2), respectively. The three groups of broilers did not show differences in body weight gains, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. However, broilers of groups DLM 1 and DLM 2 had higher concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in liver and thigh muscle and lower concentrations of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in heat-processed thigh muscle than broilers of the control group. Concentrations of several oxidation products of phytosterols in heat-processed thigh muscle were also reduced in groups DLM 1 and DLM 2; however, the concentration of total oxidation products of phytosterols was not different between the three groups. The study shows that DLM supplementation improved the antioxidant status due to an increased formation of GSH and reduced the formation of COPs during heat-processing in thigh muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O. Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Tamara Ehbrecht
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Anne Fleischmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Marion Sparenberg
- Unit of Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit of Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Rose Whelan
- Evonik Operations GmbH, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany;
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.O.Z.); (T.E.); (A.F.); (E.M.); (D.K.G.)
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Zeitz JO, Fleischmann A, Ehbrecht T, Most E, Friedrichs S, Whelan R, Gessner DK, Failing K, Lütjohann D, Eder K. Effects of supplementation of DL-methionine on tissue and plasma antioxidant status during heat-induced oxidative stress in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6837-6847. [PMID: 33248599 PMCID: PMC7704969 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high ambient temperature has been shown to impair growth performance and to cause oxidative stress in broilers. This study investigated the hypothesis that supplementation with methionine (Met) as DL-Met (DLM) more than the National Research Council recommendations improves growth performance and alleviates oxidative stress in broilers exposed to high ambient temperature. One-day-old male Cobb-500 broilers (n = 68) were allotted to 4 groups and phase-fed 3 basal diets during days 1 to 10, 11 to 21, and 22 to 35. One group was kept under thermoneutral temperature conditions and received the basal diets with Met + cysteine (Cys) concentrations according to recommendations of NRC. The other 3 groups were kept in a room with an increased ambient temperature from week 3 to 5 and were fed either the basal diet or the basal diets supplemented with 2 levels of DLM in which Met + Cys concentrations exceeded NRC recommendations by around 20% (group DLM1) and 40% (group DLM2), respectively. As expected, the broilers exposed to high ambient temperature showed a lower feed intake, lower body weight gains, a higher feed:gain ratio, and biochemical indications of oxidative stress in comparison to broilers kept under thermoneutral temperature conditions. Supplementation of DLM did not improve the growth performance in broilers exposed to high ambient temperature. However, the broilers supplemented with DLM had increased concentrations of glutathione in liver and breast muscle (groups DLM1 and DLM2), increased concentrations of tocopherols in the liver (group DLM2), and reduced concentrations of 7α-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol in heat-processed thigh muscle (groups DLM1 and DLM2) in comparison to the control group exposed to high ambient temperature. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and vitamin C in plasma, liver, and muscle were not different between the 3 groups exposed to heat stress. Nevertheless, the study shows that supplementation of DLM in slight excess of the Met concentration required for maximum growth performance improved the antioxidant status in tissues and reduced the susceptibility of muscle toward oxidation in heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O Zeitz
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Fleischmann
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tamara Ehbrecht
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rose Whelan
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit of Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Zeitz JO, Käding SC, Niewalda IR, Most E, Dorigam JCDP, Eder K. The influence of dietary leucine above recommendations and fixed ratios to isoleucine and valine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6772-6786. [PMID: 31250025 PMCID: PMC8913973 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of leucine (Leu) above actual recommendations activates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation pathways on the molecular level and supports higher muscle growth in broilers. Day-old male Cobb-500 broilers (n = 180) were allotted to 3 groups and phase-fed 3 different corn-wheat-soybean meal-based basal diets during periods 1 to 10, 11 to 21, and 22 to 35 D. The control group (L0) received the basal diet which met the broiler's requirements of nutrients and amino acids for maintenance and growth. Groups L1 and L2 received basal diets supplemented with Leu to exceed recommendations by 35 and 60%, respectively, and isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) were supplemented to keep Leu: Ile and Leu: Val ratios fixed. Samples of liver and breast muscle and pancreas were collected on days 10, 21, and 35. The gene expression and abundance of total and phosphorylated proteins involved in the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway of protein synthesis, in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy-lysosomal pathway of protein degradation, in the general control nonderepressible 2/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A pathway involved in the inhibition of protein synthesis, and in the myostatin-Smad2/3 pathway involved in myogenesis were evaluated in the muscle, as well as expression of genes involved in the growth hormone axis. Growth performance, feed intake, the feed conversion ratio, and carcass weights did not differ between the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Plasma concentrations of Leu, Ile, and Val and of their keto acids, and the activity of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase in the pancreas increased dose dependently with increasing dietary Leu concentrations. In the breast muscle, relative mRNA abundances of genes and phosphorylation of selected proteins involved in all investigated pathways were largely uninfluenced by dietary Leu supplementation (P > 0.05). In summary, these data indicate that excess dietary Leu concentrations do not influence protein synthesis or degradation pathways, and subsequently do not increase muscle growth in broilers at fixed ratios to Ile and Val.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stella-Christin Käding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ines R Niewalda
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Maternal and Early Postnatal Diet Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers Affect Lipid Profile in Hearts of Offspring Rats with Mammary Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030464. [PMID: 32168766 PMCID: PMC7143221 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Linking the early life environment with later health status is known as "developmental programming". This study aimed to assess whether the introduction of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) into the maternal diet affects the content fatty acids (FAs), conjugated FAs (CFAs), cholesterol, oxysterols, malondialdehyde (MDA) and tocopherols in the hearts of their female offspring treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and if offspring supplementation enhanced the effect of maternal supplementation. FA, cholesterol and oxysterol contents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while contents of CFAs and MDA were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode detection. The supplementation of mothers with CLAs significantly decreased the amount of atherogenic saturated FAs and enhanced the level of eicosapentaenoic FA in the hearts of offspring. Continuous progeny supplementation decreased the content of arachidonic acid in hearts. Supplementation of the maternal diet with CLAs and its continuation during the postnatal period increased the ratio of hypo to hypercholesterolemic FAs. Significantly fewer oxysterols were detected in the hearts of progeny of dams fed with CLAs as compared to the offspring of mothers receiving safflower oil. Both fetal and postnatal CLA intake significantly reduced 7β-hydroxycholesterol accumulation. It can be concluded that CLA supplementation during the fetal and postnatal period may be an effective method of maintaining the cardiac health status of newborns.
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Abdelatty AM, Badr OAM, Mohamed SA, Khattab MS, Dessouki SHM, Farid OAA, Elolimy AA, Sakr OG, Elhady MA, Mehesen G, Bionaz M. Long term conjugated linoleic acid supplementation modestly improved growth performance but induced testicular tissue apoptosis and reduced sperm quality in male rabbit. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226070. [PMID: 31923252 PMCID: PMC6953797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known for its multiple benefits including improvement of growth, increasing lean mass, and anti-carcinogenic effects. However, when used in long-term supplementations CLA does not improve semen parameters in boar and bull and reduces fertility in Japanese quails. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in dietary lipids plays a significant role in spermatogenesis owning the high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma membrane of sperms. Whether CLA plays a role in testicular tissue and epididymal fat is still unknown. Therefore, in this study we hypothesize that long-term supplementation of equal proportion of CLA isomer mix (c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12- CLA) in rabbit bucks might alter male reproductive potentials. Twelve V-Line weaned male rabbits were used in 26 weeks trial, rabbits were individually raised and randomly allocated into three dietary groups. Control group (CON) received a basal diet, a group received 0.5% CLA (CLA 0.5%), and a group received 1% CLA (CLA 1%). Rabbits were euthanized at the end of the trial and several parameters were evaluated related to growth, semen quality, and testicular and epididymal tissue histopathology and transcriptome. The long-term supplementation of CLA increased feed intake by 5% and body weight by 2-3%. CLA 1% decreased sperm progressive motility. In testicular tissue L-carnitine and α-tocopherol were decreased by CLA supplementation. In epididymal fat, CLA tended to decrease concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the expression of SCD5 gene was upregulated by CLA 1% and CASP3 gene was upregulated by CLA 0.5%. Transcription of PPARG was downregulated by CLA. Feeding 1% CLA also decreased testicular epithelial thickness. Long-term supplementation of CLA modestly enhanced male rabbit growth, but negatively impacted male reproduction, especially at high dose of CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Abdelatty
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - O. A. M. Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - S. A. Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - M. S. Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - SH. M. Dessouki
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - O. A. A. Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - A. A. Elolimy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - O. G. Sakr
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M. A. Elhady
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - G. Mehesen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M. Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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Zeitz JO, Käding SC, Niewalda IR, Machander V, de Paula Dorigam JC, Eder K. Effects of leucine supplementation on muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways in broilers at constant dietary concentrations of isoleucine and valine. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:75-87. [PMID: 30821190 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1583519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the hypothesis that dietary concentrations of leucine (Leu) in excess of the breeder´s recommendations activates protein synthesis and decreases protein degradation in muscle of broilers. Day-old male Ross 308 broilers (n = 450) were phase-fed corn-soybean meal-based diets during starter (d 1-10), grower (d 11-22), and finisher (d 23-34) period. The basal diets fed to the control group (L0) met the broilers' requirements for nutrients and amino acids, and contained Leu, Leu:isoleucine (Ile) and Leu:valine (Val) ratios, close to those recommended by the breeder (Leu:Ile: 100:54, 100:52, 100:51; Leu:Val 100:64, 100:61, 100:58; in starter, grower and finisher diet, resp.). Basal diets were supplemented with Leu to exceed the breeder's recommendations by 35% (group L35) and 60% (group L60). Growth performance during 34 d, and carcass weights, and breast and thigh muscle weights on d 34 were similar among groups. Hepatic and muscle mRNA levels of genes involved in the somatotropic axis [growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF binding protein 2, IGF receptor] on d 34 were not influenced by Leu. In the breast muscle, relative mRNA abundances of genes involved in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of protein synthesis (mTOR, ribosomal p70 S6 kinase) and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation (F-box only protein 32, Forkhead box protein O1, Muscle RING-finger protein-1) on d 34 were largely similar among groups. Likewise, relative phosphorylation and thus activation of mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 involved in the mTOR pathway, and of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (eIF2a) involved in the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2)/eIF2a pathway of protein synthesis inhibition, were not influenced. These data indicate that dietary Leu concentrations exceeding the broiler´s requirements up to 60% neither influence protein synthesis nor degradation pathways nor muscle growth in growing broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O Zeitz
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology , University of Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Stella-Christin Käding
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology , University of Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Ines R Niewalda
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology , University of Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus Eder
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology , University of Giessen , Giessen , Germany
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Zeitz JO, Neufeld K, Potthast C, Kroismayr A, Most E, Eder K. Effects of dietary supplementation of the lignocelluloses FibreCell and OptiCell on performance, expression of inflammation-related genes and the gut microbiome of broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:287-297. [PMID: 30124970 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of lignocellulose in broilers influences the gut bacterial population and bacterial fermentation, has anti-inflammatory effects, and increases mucin synthesis in the intestine, and, through these changes, influences broiler performance positively. Day-old male Cobb 500 broilers (n = 96) were allotted to 3 experimental groups and fed 3 different maize-wheat-soybean meal-based basal diets during days 1 to 10, 11 to 21, and 22 to 35. The basal diets were fed to the control group, and were supplemented with 0.8% of a standard lignocellulose (LCS) or a fermentable lignocellulose (LCF). Body weight and feed consumption were determined, and at slaughter (day 35), carcass and gizzard weights and gizzard content pH were recorded, and samples of jejunum, cecum, and colon mucosa and of cecum digesta were collected from 15 birds/group. Growth performance and feed intake were not influenced, but dressing percentage was higher in group LCF compared to the other groups. In group LCS and the control group, performance, gizzard weight and gizzard content pH, intestinal gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and of the mucins 2, 5ac and 13, the cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile, and bacterial diversity were similar, and relative abundance of bacterial groups (16S DNA sequencing) differed. Supplementation of LCF decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory genes encoding interleukins 1ß and 17 (P < 0.05) and those of 2 and 8 (P < 0.10) in the jejunum only. The bacterial population differed, and the SCFA profile shifted toward acetate at the expense of butyrate in group LCF compared to the control group. For example, the abundance of Firmicutes and of Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae decreased, whereas those of Peptostreptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae and that of members of the phylum Proteobacteria increased in group LCF compared to the control group. These data indicate that the susceptibility of lignocellulose to fermentation is crucial for mediating its effects on intestinal gene expression and the bacterial population in the cecum, which may also affect dressing percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Neufeld
- Animal Nutrition Research Center, A-2532 Heiligenkreuz, Austria
| | - C Potthast
- Agromed Austria GmbH, A-4550 Kremsmünster, Austria
| | - A Kroismayr
- Agromed Austria GmbH, A-4550 Kremsmünster, Austria
| | - E Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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11
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Zeitz JO, Mohrmann S, Käding SC, Devlikamov M, Niewalda I, Whelan R, Helmbrecht A, Eder K. Effects of methionine on muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:191-203. [PMID: 30460727 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that supplementation of methionine (Met) to broiler diets increases muscle growth due to regulation of molecular pathways related to protein synthesis and degradation depending on the Met source. Day-old male Cobb-500 broilers (n = 240) were phase-fed three different wheat-soya bean meal-based basal diets during days 1-10, 11-21 and 22-35. Basal diets (Met- group, Met + Cys concentration 15% below NRC recommendations) were supplemented with 0.10% or 0.40% Met either as DL-Met (DLM) or DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) (equimolar comparison). Breast muscle weights were lower in the Met- group compared to all Met-supplemented groups and were lower in broilers supplemented with 0.10% of DL-HMTBA compared to the other groups fed Met-supplemented diets. However, the expression of genes or relative phosphorylation and thus activation state of proteins involved in the somatotropic axis, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway of protein synthesis, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and autophagy-lysosomal pathway of protein degradation, the GCN2/eIF2a pathway involved in the inhibition of protein synthesis and in the myostatin-Smad2/3 pathway involved in myogenesis were not affected by Met source. Feeding diets with suboptimum Met + Cys concentrations, however, decreased expression of GHR and IGF1 in liver and muscle and increased that of MURF1 involved in the UPP in the broiler's muscle at day 10 and 21, while that of FOXO and atrogin-1 and FOXO phosphorylation remained unaffected. Additionally, suboptimum dietary Met concentrations increased expression of the autophagy-related genes ATG5 and BECN1 at day 35. Met supplementation neither affected gene expression nor phosphorylation of proteins involved in the GNC2/eIF2a and mTOR pathways. These data indicate that protein synthesis was not affected on the molecular level, while protein degradation was marginally affected by dietary Met dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah Mohrmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stella C Käding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Murat Devlikamov
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ines Niewalda
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rose Whelan
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Zeitz JO, Weber A, Most E, Windisch W, Bolduan C, Geyer J, Romberg FJ, Koch C, Eder K. Effects of supplementing rumen-protected niacin on fiber composition and metabolism of skeletal muscle in dairy cows during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8004-8020. [PMID: 29960772 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid (NA) has been shown to induce muscle fiber switching toward oxidative type I fibers and a muscle metabolic phenotype that favors fatty acid (FA) utilization in growing rats, pigs, and lambs. The hypothesis of the present study was that supplementation of NA in cows during the periparturient phase also induces muscle fiber switching from type II to type I fibers in skeletal muscle and increases the capacity of the muscle to use free FA, which may help to reduce nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flow to the liver, liver triglyceride (TG) accumulation, and ketogenesis. Thirty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were allocated to 2 groups and fed a total mixed ration without (control group) or with ∼55 g of rumen-protected NA per cow per day (NA group) from 21 d before expected calving until 3 wk postpartum (p.p.). Blood samples were collected on d -21, -14, -7, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 63 relative to parturition for analysis of TG, NEFA, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Muscle and liver biopsies were collected on d 7 and 21 for gene expression analysis and to determine muscle fiber composition in the musculus semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and longissimus lumborum by immunohistochemistry, and liver TG concentrations. Supplementation of NA did not affect the proportions of type I (oxidative) or the type II:type I ratio in the 3 muscles considered. A slight shift from glycolytic IIx fibers toward oxidative-glycolytic fast-twitch IIa fibers was found in the semitendinosus, and a tendency in the longissimus lumborum, but not in the semimembranosus. The transcript levels of the genes encoding the muscle fiber type isoforms and involved in FA uptake and oxidation, carnitine transport, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glucose utilization were largely unaffected by NA supplementation in all 3 muscles. Supplementation of NA had no effect on plasma TG and NEFA concentrations, liver TG concentrations, and hepatic expression of genes involved in hepatic FA utilization and lipogenesis. However, it reduced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in wk 2 and 3 p.p. by 18 and 26% and reduced hepatic gene expression of fibroblast growth factor 21, a stress hormone involved in the regulation of ketogenesis, by 74 and 56%. In conclusion, a high dosage of rumen-protected NA reduced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in cows during early lactation, but failed to cause an alteration in muscle fiber composition and muscle metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - A Weber
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - E Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W Windisch
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - C Bolduan
- Chair of Animal Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - J Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Giessen, Schubertstraße 81 (BFS), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F-J Romberg
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - C Koch
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweiler an der Alsenz, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Zeitz JO, Mohrmann S, Fehse L, Most E, Helmbrecht A, Saremi B, Eder K. Tissue and plasma antioxidant status in response to dietary methionine concentration and source in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:999-1011. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology; University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - S. Mohrmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology; University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - L. Fehse
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology; University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - E. Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology; University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - A. Helmbrecht
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH; Hanau-Wolfgang Germany
| | - B. Saremi
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH; Hanau-Wolfgang Germany
| | - K. Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology; University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
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14
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Zeitz JO, Most E, Eder K. Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on vitamin A status of lactating rats and their offspring. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e374-e379. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology; University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - E. Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology; University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - K. Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology; University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
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