Cardiovascular risk assessment of dyslipidemic middle-aged adults without overt cardiovascular disease over the period of 2009-2016 in Lithuania

Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in Northern China: a cross-sectional study

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a life-threatening chronic illness. CVD risk may be influenced by environment and lifestyle. People in northern China usually consume high-fat, high-salt diets and alcohol and live in a cold climate over long periods. However, there are limited studies on CVD risk among people in northern China. In the present study, we sought to estimate the CVD risk profile among residents of northern China. Using the Programme of Screening and Intervention Subjects with High Risk Cardiovascular Diseases, we collected data from residents in six cities from September 2015 to June 2017. In total, 56,716 participants aged 40 years and above were finally included in the CVD risk assessment. To assess the 10-year risk of CVD among participants, we used World Health Organisation/International Society of Hypertension risk prediction charts. Among the study participants, 22.7% had a high 10-year risk of CVD. We identified differences in the 10-year CVD risk according to sex, socioeconomic status, and marital status. We conclude that individuals with high socioeconomic status should be encouraged to change their lifestyle habits, and greater medical resources should be invested for individuals residing in rural areas and those with low education levels.

Lower than average HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in Lithuanian population

Background

The aim of our study was to evaluate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) efflux capacity in healthy controls and patients with severe dyslipidemia. Evaluation of HDL function may be beneficial for better understanding of cardiovascular diseases, as well as for taking actions to minimize residual cardiovascular risk.

Methods

During 2016–2017 a total of 93 participants – 48 (51.6%) women and 45 (48.4%) men – were included in this cross-sectional study. Data of 45 (48.4%) participants with severe dyslipidemia (SD) and 48 (51.6%) controls without dyslipidemia was used for statistical analysis. Total lipid panel, concentration of lipoprotein (a) and apolipoproteins were measured, data about cardiovascular risk factors were collected and detailed evaluation of HDL-C quality was performed for all patients.

Results

Increased HDL-C concentration was associated with higher ApoA1 (r = 0.866 in controls, r = 0.63 in SD group), ApoA2 (r = 0.41 in controls, r = 0.418 in SD group) and LDL-C concentrations (r = − 0.412 in SD group), lower ApoE (r = − 0.314 in SD group) and TG concentrations (r = − 0.38 in controls, r = − 0.608 in SD group), lower ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (r = − 0.567 in control group), below average HDL-C efflux capacity (r = − 0.335 in SD group), lower BMI (r = − 0.327 in controls, r = − 0.531 in SD group) and abdominal circumference (r = − 0.309 in women with SD). Below-average HDL-C efflux capacity was found in 67.7% (N = 63) of participants. It was more often found among patients with normal weight or BMI 30–31 kg/m2. HDL-C efflux capacity was inversely associated with HDL-C concentration (r = − 0.228).

Conclusion

Abnormal HDL function may be associated with residual cardiovascular risk in Lithuanian population.

Cardiometabolic risks in PCOS: a review of the current state of knowledge

INTRODUCTION

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting up to 18% women of reproductive age. It is associated with a range of metabolic, reproductive, and psychological features. Current evidence indicates a role of PCOS in the development of metabolic and increased cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) with implications for compromised cardiovascular endpoint disease, which may have a considerable impact on health and health care costs.

AREAS COVERED

Existing studies examining long-term cardiometabolic health in PCOS are heterogeneous with inconsistent findings. In the current review, we aim to explore and critically review retrospective, prospective, meta-analysis and review articles relating to PCOS on cardiometabolic risk factors and clinical consequences to summarize the evidence, note evidence gaps, and suggest implications for future research.

EXPERT COMMENTARY

Although there is an established association between PCOS and metabolic health, implications on cardiac health are more uncertain with associations observed for CVRF and subclinical disease, yet limited and conflicting data on actual cardiovascular endpoints. There is a lack of population-based long-term studies examining cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in PCOS with a need for further research to progress toward a better understanding of the long-term cardiometabolic impacts in women with PCOS.