1
|
Munir H, Yaqoob S, Awan KA, Imtiaz A, Naveed H, Ahmad N, Naeem M, Sultan W, Ma Y. Unveiling the Chemistry of Citrus Peel: Insights into Nutraceutical Potential and Therapeutic Applications. Foods 2024; 13:1681. [PMID: 38890908 PMCID: PMC11172398 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent millennium has witnessed a notable shift in consumer focus towards natural products for addressing lifestyle-related disorders, driven by their safety and cost-effectiveness. Nutraceuticals and functional foods play an imperative role by meeting nutritional needs and offering medicinal benefits. With increased scientific knowledge and awareness, the significance of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, in reducing disease risk is widely acknowledged, facilitating access to a diverse and safer diet for longevity. Plant-based foods rich in phytochemicals are increasingly popular and effectively utilized in disease management. Agricultural waste from plant-based foods is being recognized as a valuable source of nutraceuticals for dietary interventions. Citrus peels, known for their diverse flavonoids, are emerging as a promising health-promoting ingredient. Globally, citrus production yields approximately 15 million tons of by-products annually, highlighting the substantial potential for utilizing citrus waste in phyto-therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. Citrus peels are a rich source of flavonoids, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 g/100 g dry weight, depending on the citrus variety. The most abundant flavonoids in citrus peel include hesperidin and naringin, as well as essential oils rich in monoterpenes like limonene. The peel extracts exhibit high antioxidant capacity, with DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 70 to 90%, comparable to synthetic antioxidants like BHA and BHT. Additionally, the flavonoids present in citrus peel have been found to have antioxidant properties, which can help reduce oxidative stress by 30% and cardiovascular disease by 25%. Potent anti-inflammatory effects have also been demonstrated, reducing inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α by up to 40% in cell culture studies. These findings highlight the potential of citrus peel as a valuable source of nutraceuticals in diet-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussan Munir
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Aysha Imtiaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 03802, Pakistan;
| | - Hiba Naveed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Waleed Sultan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (K.A.A.); (H.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Yongkun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin J, Si Z, Wang A. Predictive value of ApoB/ApoA-I for recurrence within 1 year after first incident stroke. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1308442. [PMID: 38274879 PMCID: PMC10808791 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1308442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background ApoB/ApoA-I ratio is a reliable indicator of cholesterol balance, particularly in the prediction of ischemic events risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of ApoB/ApoA-I for stroke recurrence within 1 year after the first incident. Methods We retrospectively included patients who were first diagnosed with acute (<7 days after onset) ischemic stroke. Blood samples were collected on admission, and serum ApoB and ApoA-I concentrations were measured. We analyzed the relationship between ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and ischemic stroke recurrence within 1 year. Results A total of 722 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included, of whom 102 experienced stroke recurrence within 1 year, with a recurrence rate of 14.1%. Serum ApoB/ApoA-I concentrations on admission were higher in patients with stroke recurrence at 1 year compared with those with a good prognosis (P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve revealed a significant difference in cumulative stroke recurrence rates across ApoB/ApoA-I tertiles (log-rank P-value < 0.001). A positive correlation between the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and the risk of stroke recurrence within 1 year was demonstrated using Cox regression analysis, which remained significant after adjusting for traditional risk factors [hazard ratio (HR) 4.007, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.661-9.666]. This relationship was particularly strong in patients with LAA stroke (HR 4.955, 95% CI 1.591-15.434). Subgroup analysis further revealed that a high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was strongly associated with stroke recurrence regardless of whether patients had high or low LDL-C levels. Discussion ApoB/ApoA-I ratio, measured during the acute phase of the first stroke, was positively correlated with the risk of stroke recurrence within 1 year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Si
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peña-Jorquera H, Cid-Jofré V, Landaeta-Díaz L, Petermann-Rocha F, Martorell M, Zbinden-Foncea H, Ferrari G, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Cristi-Montero C. Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3244. [PMID: 37513660 PMCID: PMC10386413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy and quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Adopting a plant-based diet has gained popularity as a viable alternative to promote health and mitigate the incidence of, and risk factors associated with, these three health conditions. Understanding the potential benefits of a plant-based diet for human health is crucial, particularly in the face of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, this review focused on the plausible advantages of consuming a type of food pattern for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases, emphasizing the dietary aspects that contribute to these conditions and the evidence supporting the benefits of a plant-based diet for human health. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, we present separate evidence for each of these three concepts, acknowledging their intrinsic connection while providing a specific focus on each one. This review underscores the potential of a plant-based diet to target the underlying causes of these chronic diseases and enhance health outcomes for individuals and populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| | - Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160019, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Núcleo en Ciencias Ambientales y Alimentarias, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia 7500912, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu X, Gao Y, Wang M, Peng H, Zhang D, Qin B, Pan L, Zhu G. Atherosclerosis indexes and incident T2DM in middle-aged and older adults: evidence from a cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:23. [PMID: 36805696 PMCID: PMC9938576 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-00992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health problem, requiring effective methods for predicting and diagnosing in its early stages of development. Previous studies reported the prognostic value of the atherosclerosis indexes in both cardiovascular diseases and T2DM. However, the predictive performance of Non-HDL-C, AI, AIP, TG/HDL-C and LCI indexes on the risk of T2DM remains unclear. This study aims to compare the five atherosclerosis indexes for predicting T2DM in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. METHODS Data are collected from wave 2011 and wave 2015 of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multi-variate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident T2DM with five atherosclerosis indexes, and the restricted cubic splines were used to visualize the dose-response relationships. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were used to compare the performance of the five atherosclerosis indexes in predicting T2DM. RESULTS A total of 504 (10.97%) participants had T2DM. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed that five atherosclerosis indexes were associated with T2DM, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of 1.29 (1.15-1.45), 1.29 (1.18-1.42), 1.45 (1.29-1.62), 1.41 (1.25-1.59) and 1.34 (1.23-1.48) for each IQR increment in Non-HDL-C, TG/HDLC, AI, AIP and LCI, respectively. Restricted cubic spline regression showed a nonlinear correlation between five atherosclerosis indexes and the risk of T2DM (p for nonlinear < 0.001). According to the ROC curve analysis, LCI had the highest AUC (0.587 [0.574-0.600]). CONCLUSION We found that LCI, compared with other indexes, was a better predictor in the clinical setting for identifying individuals with T2DM in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. LCI monitoring might help in the early identification of individuals at high risk of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Miyuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongye Peng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Biyuan Qin
- Department of Science & Education, Deyang People's Hospital, Sichuan, 618000, China
| | - Liang Pan
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Center, Deyang People's Hospital, Sichuan, 618000, China.
| | - Guolong Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Three Gorges University & Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, 443003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paredes S, Garcez JB, Ribeiro L. Comment on Aaseth et al. Circulating Lipoproteins in Subjects with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2381. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010041. [PMID: 36615699 PMCID: PMC9823417 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We read with great interest the paper by Jan O. Aaseth et al. entitled "Circulating Lipoproteins in Subjects with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy" where changes in lipid profile after bariatric surgery were reported [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Paredes
- Endocrinology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonatas Barbosa Garcez
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Medical Education Unit, Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Li G, Shi C, Zhang D, Sun Y. Combined superposition effect of hypertension and dyslipidemia on left ventricular hypertrophy. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:227-238. [PMID: 35746831 PMCID: PMC9240736 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and dyslipidemia are considered reversible risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of traditional and nontraditional blood lipid profiles on the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and to explore the superposition effect of dyslipidemia combined with hypertension. METHODS Data on 9134 participants (53.5 ± 10.3 years old) from the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS) were statistically analyzed. The blood lipid profile was measured by total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total glyceride (TG), and calculated nontraditional blood lipid indices including non-HDL-C, atherosclerosis index (AI), TC/HDL-C, and residual cholesterol (RC). RESULTS After the adjustment of age and gender, the odds ratios (ORs) of LVH in patients with hypertension, high LDL-C, high non-HDL-C, high AI, and high TC/HDL-C were 3.97 (3.31-4.76), 1.27 (1.02-1.59), 1.21 (1.04-1.39), 1.33 (1.15-1.53), and 1.42 (1.22-1.65), respectively. After full adjustment of potential confounding factors, high AI and TC/HDL-C were associated with LVH rather than traditional blood lipid indices. The combination of hypertension and nontraditional dyslipidemia (defined by high AI and TC/HDL-C) was associated with the highest risk of LVH, especially in participants under 45 years of age. The risk was more significant in men, 5.09-fold and 6.24-fold, respectively, compared with 3.66-fold and 4.01-fold in women. CONCLUSIONS People with dyslipidemia defined by nontraditional blood lipid indices (high AI and high TC/HDL-C) and hypertension were more likely to develop LVH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Guangxiao Li
- Department of Medical Record ManagementFirst Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chuning Shi
- Department of CardiologyFirst Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Dongyuan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineInstitute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of CardiologyFirst Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lai J, Han Y, Huang C, Li B, Ni J, Dong M, Wang Y, Wang Q. Non-invasive skin cholesterol testing: a potential proxy for LDL-C and apoB serum measurements. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:137. [PMID: 34657601 PMCID: PMC8520622 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid management is the first line of treatment for decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and a variety of indicators are used to evaluate lipid management. This work analyses the differences in LDL-C and apoB for lipid management evaluation, as well as explores the feasibility of skin cholesterol as a marker that can be measured non-invasively for lipid management. Methods The prospective study enrolled 121 patients who had been diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the department of emergency medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of the USTC from May 2020 to January 2021, and the patients were grouped into Group I (n=53) and Group II (n=68) according to whether they had comorbid hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes mellitus. All patients were administered 10 mg/day of rosuvastatin and observed for 12 weeks. Lipid management was assessed on the basis of LDL-C and apoB, and linear correlation models were employed to assess the relationship between changes in these well accepted markers to that of changes in skin cholesterol. Results Out of 121 patients with ACS, 53 patients (43.80 %) had combined hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes mellitus (Group I), while 68 patients (56.20 %) did not (Group II). Cardiovascular events occur at earlier ages in patients with CHD who are comorbid for hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes (P<0.05). LDL-C attainment rate is lower than apoB attainment rate with rosuvastatin therapy (P<0.05), which is mainly attributable to patients with low initial LDL-C. Skin cholesterol reduction correlated with LDL-C reduction. (r=0.501, P<0.001) and apoB reduction (r=0.538, P<0.001). Skin cholesterol reduction continued over all time points measured. Conclusions Examination of changes in apoB levels give patients with low initial LDL-C more informative data on lipid management than LDL-C readings. In addition, non-invasive skin cholesterol measurements may have the potential to be used independently for lipid management evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Lai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Emergency and Trauma Center, The International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Chongjian Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jingshu Ni
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instruments, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
| | - Meili Dong
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instruments, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instruments, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Joshi D, Jamadarkhana P, Kumbhare S, Singh A, Kotecha J, Bunger D, Shiwalkar A, Mohanan A, Dutt C. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Mitochondrial Modulator, TRC150094, in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Phase-I Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729424. [PMID: 34603045 PMCID: PMC8485898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TRC150094, a novel mitochondrial modulator, can restore metabolic flexibility by improving insulin resistance in preclinical studies. This study primarily aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral TRC150094 after conducting two double-blind, randomized, Phase-I studies, single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD), with n = 46, in overweight/obese adult and elderly subjects. In addition, the effect of TRC150094 on pharmacodynamic (PD) efficacy markers was evaluated. PK assessments, including maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration (AUC), time to Cmax (Tmax), and elimination half-life (t½), were assessed at pre-specified time points. PD assessments included apolipoprotein B (ApoB), triglycerides, hepatic fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters. TRC150094 was rapidly absorbed, and the AUC of TRC150094 increased in a dose-dependent manner across all doses in non-elderly and elderly cohorts. Cmax was more than the dose-proportional for all doses in all cohorts. Tmax ranged from 0.25 to 4 h, and t½ ranged from 15 to 18 h, making TRC150094 suitable for once-daily dosing. Food did not interfere with the overall absorption of the drug. The metabolites of TRC150094 were glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and 20% of the drug was excreted unchanged in the urine. TRC150094 at 50 mg showed an improving trend in triglycerides. A significant reduction in Apo B was observed after 50 mg dose (−2.34 vs. 13.24%, p = 0.008), which was, however, not the case after 150 mg (8.78 vs. 13.24%, p = 0.1221). Other parameters such as hepatic fat and insulin sensitivity indices (HOMA-IR, MATSUDA Index derived from OGTT) showed an improving trend for the dose of 50 mg. In terms of safety, all the AEs reported were mild to moderate in severity. None of the adverse events was considered definitely or probably related to treatment, and there were no abnormal laboratory findings. In conclusion, the PK of TRC150094 was linear with no clinically significant food effect. TRC150094 and its metabolites suggest a lesser likelihood of drug-drug interactions. Overall, TRC150094 ensured safety and exhibited suitability for all subjects. Clinical Trial Registration: EUDRA CT: 2009-014941-10 (SAD) and CTR-India registration: CTRI/2009/091/000601 (MAD)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Joshi
- Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qu G, Zhang Z, Zhu H. Discordance between apolipoprotein B or non-HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in middle-aged and elderly Chinese patients predicts arterial stiffness. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:80. [PMID: 34325713 PMCID: PMC8320094 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Discordance of lipid parameters is closely associated with residual cardiovascular risk. This study investigated the discordance between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) or apolipoprotein B (apoB) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and assessed arterial stiffness risk. Methods This study included a total of 402 middle-aged and elderly Northern Chinese individuals whose brachial-ankle pulse wave conduction velocity (baPWV), and clinical and biochemical data were measured. Arterial stiffness was defined by inclusion in the upper quartile of the baPWV. All participants were divided into four mutually exclusive concordance/discordance groups based on the lipid goal for high-risk populations, according to the 2019 European Society of Cardiology / European Atherosclerosis Society guidelines. Discordance was defined as LDL-C ≥ 1.81 mmol/L with non-HDL-C < 2.59 mmol/L, or apoB < 0.80 mmol/L, or vice versa. Results The mean age of the participants was 65.9 ± 13.0 years; 59.5% of the participants were male. The mean LDL-C was 2.41 ± 0.81 mmol/L, non-HDL-C: 3.06 ± 0.94 mmol/L, and apoB: 0.84 ± 0.21 mmol/L. LDL-C was observed to be discordant with non-HDL-C (20.1%) and apoB (30.8%). When stratified according to LDL-C levels, the baPWV was greater in those patients with higher non-HDL-C or apoB levels. In the adjusted logistic regression model, low LDL-C and high non-HDL-C or apoB discordance were also associated with the risk of arterial stiffness (OR: 13.412 and OR: 13.054, respectively). Conclusions There was discordance between LDL-C and non-HDL-C, or apoB in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals; this was associated with a higher risk of arterial stiffness. Non-HDL-C or apoB levels could be used to identify individuals who may benefit from more comprehensive lipid modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geyue Qu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Correction to: Discordant serum lipid parameters. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:53. [PMID: 34034768 PMCID: PMC8152302 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
11
|
Relationship beetween Primary and Hospital Care in cardiovascular prevention and treatment of dyslipidemias. Derivation algorithm. Discharge criteria. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33 Suppl 1:65-70. [PMID: 33966816 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective cardiovascular prevention requires taking advantage of all opportunities for patient contact with the Health Services in order to detect risk factors (CVRF) and global cardiovascular risk stratification (CVR). This particularly involves the Primary Care (PC) services, which must be coordinated with the Hospital Care (HC) in order to make all health resources available to the population. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the contribution of Occupational Health and Pharmacy services. There are hopeful signs as regards the possibility of overcoming the barriers that limit the necessary exchange of information between PC and HC professionals, as a basis for adequate coordination between both levels of care. This includes the implementation of referral and discharge algorithms (in this review this means those related to dyslipidaemias) accepted by professionals at both levels, and currently facilitated by the availability of new corporate tools (mobile, email, virtual consultations). The challenge lies in seizing the opportunity they offer to make their implementation effective.
Collapse
|
12
|
Melhem S, Steven S, Taylor R, Al-Mrabeh A. Effect of Weight Loss by Low-Calorie Diet on Cardiovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes: An Interventional Cohort Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051465. [PMID: 33925808 PMCID: PMC8146720 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major problem for people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and the leading cause of death worldwide. We aimed to determine cardiovascular benefits of weight loss with or without remission of diabetes, and to assess utility of plasma biomarkers. 29 people with T2DM were studied at baseline and after dietary weight loss. Change in plasma adipokines and lipid related markers was examined in relation to weight loss, diabetes remission, 10-year cardiovascular risk (QRISK), and duration of diabetes. QRISK decreased markedly after weight loss (18.9 ± 2.2 to 11.2 ± 1.6%, p < 0.0001) in both responders and non-responders, but non-responders remained at higher risk (15.0 ± 2.0 vs. 5.8 ± 1.6%, p < 0.0001). At baseline, plasma GDF-15 was higher in longer diabetes duration (1.19 ± 0.14 vs. 0.82 ± 0.09 ng/mL, p = 0.034), as was the QRISK (22.8 ± 2.6 vs. 15.3 ± 3.4%, p = 0.031). Leptin, GDF-15 and FGF-21 decreased whereases adiponectin increased after weight loss in responders and non-responders. However, the level of FGF-21 remained higher in non-responders (0.58 [0.28–0.71] vs. 0.25 [0.15–0.42] ng/mL, p = 0.007). QRISK change correlated with change in plasma VLDL1-TG (r = 0.489, p = 0.007). There was a positive correlation between rise in HDL cholesterol and the decrease in leptin (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), or rise in adiponectin (r = 0.58, p = 0.001) levels. In conclusion, weight loss markedly decreases cardiometabolic risk particularly when remission of diabetes is achieved. Leptin, adiponectin, GDF-15 and FGF-21 changes were related to weight loss not remission of diabetes. Normalization of 10-year cardiovascular risk and heart age is possible after substantial dietary weight loss and remission of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaden Melhem
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (S.M.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah Steven
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (S.M.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
- Manchester Diabetes & Endocrinology Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Roy Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (S.M.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Ahmad Al-Mrabeh
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (S.M.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)191-208-1160
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kurmus O, Aslan T, Eren M, Akbuga K, Fonseca L, Paredes S, Palma I. Discordant serum lipid parameters. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:10. [PMID: 33573640 PMCID: PMC7879648 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Kurmus
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Mevlana Bulvari (Konya yolu), No: 86-88, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Turgay Aslan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Mevlana Bulvari (Konya yolu), No: 86-88, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Eren
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Mevlana Bulvari (Konya yolu), No: 86-88, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kursat Akbuga
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Mevlana Bulvari (Konya yolu), No: 86-88, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Liliana Fonseca
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Mevlana Bulvari (Konya yolu), No: 86-88, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Silvia Paredes
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Mevlana Bulvari (Konya yolu), No: 86-88, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isabel Palma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Mevlana Bulvari (Konya yolu), No: 86-88, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nurtazina A, Kozhakhmetova D, Dautov D, Shakhanova A, Chattu VK. Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio as a Diagnostic Alternative to Triglycerides and HDL-Cholesterol for the Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome among Hypertensives in Kazakhstan. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E510. [PMID: 32717783 PMCID: PMC7459610 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (Apo) are known atherogenic factors that play important roles in many mechanisms related to coronary heart disease. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is a promising diagnostic tool for metabolic syndrome (MS) in different populations, though its use is not established in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to assess the relationship between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio among hypertensive patients and to evaluate its diagnostic use for identifying MS as an alternative to triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 800 eligible men and women with primary hypertension from April 2015 to December 2016. Data were collected on socio-demographics, lifestyle parameters, family history of cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Dietary Quality Score (DQS), anthropometric data, and blood pressure were recorded; ApoA1 and ApoB levels were measured in blood samples. We found a significant positive association between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio by multiple logistic regression, as shown by a linear trend of increase of the odds ratio (OR) for MS across the quartiles of ApoB/ApoA1 (p < 0.0001). ROC analysis revealed diagnostic significance of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio for MS, and comparative ROC analysis demonstrated equal diagnostic value of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and TG levels (AUC = 0.71 (95% CI 0.69; 0.74) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.69, 0.76), respectively), which was significantly higher than those of HDL, ApoA1, ApoB (AUC = 0.27 (95% CI 0.23; 0.31), AUC = 0.37 (95% CI 0.33; 0.41), AUC = 0.67, (95% CI 0.63; 0.71), respectively). The diagnostic value of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in Kazakhs with MS appeared to equal that of TG and was significantly higher than that of HDL-C. Adjusting for gender, smoking, and DQS significantly strengthened the association between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in the Kazakh population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Nurtazina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
| | - Dana Kozhakhmetova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (D.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Daulet Dautov
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aizhan Shakhanova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan; (D.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|