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Texis T, Rivera-Mancía S, Colín-Ramírez E, Cartas-Rosado R, Koepsell D, Rubio-Carrasco K, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Gonzalez-Covarrubias V. Genetic Determinants of Atherogenic Indexes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1214. [PMID: 37372394 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenesis and dyslipidemia increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in developed countries. While blood lipid levels have been studied as disease predictors, their accuracy in predicting cardiovascular risk is limited due to their high interindividual and interpopulation variability. The lipid ratios, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP = log TG/HDL-C) and the Castelli risk index 2 (CI2 = LDL-C/HDL-C), have been proposed as better predictors of cardiovascular risk, but the genetic variability associated with these ratios has not been investigated. This study aimed to identify genetic associations with these indexes. The study population (n = 426) included males (40%) and females (60%) aged 18-52 years (mean 39 years); the Infinium GSA array was used for genotyping. Regression models were developed using R and PLINK. AIP was associated with variation on APOC3, KCND3, CYBA, CCDC141/TTN, and ARRB1 (p-value < 2.1 × 10-6). The three former were previously associated with blood lipids, while CI2 was associated with variants on DIPK2B, LIPC, and 10q21.3 rs11251177 (p-value 1.1 × 10-7). The latter was previously linked to coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. KCND3 rs6703437 was associated with both indexes. This study is the first to characterize the potential link between genetic variation and atherogenic indexes, AIP, and CI2, highlighting the relationship between genetic variation and dyslipidemia predictors. These results also contribute to consolidating the genetics of blood lipid and lipid indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Texis
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | | | - Eloisa Colín-Ramírez
- School of Sports Sciences, Anahuac University of North Mexico, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Raul Cartas-Rosado
- National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - David Koepsell
- Conduct Research Committee, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kenneth Rubio-Carrasco
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- School of Sports Sciences, Anahuac University of North Mexico, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
- Faculty of Chemistry UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Ha JW, Pyo JY, Ahn SS, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Nutrition Risk Index Score at Diagnosis Can Effectively Predict Poor Prognosis in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:423-431. [PMID: 34294554 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether the nutritional risk index (NRI) score at diagnosis might be useful for anticipating poor prognosis, in particular, all-cause mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS The medical records of 242 immunosuppressive drug-naïve patients with AAV were retrospectively reviewed. Data at diagnosis and poor prognosis and medications during follow-up were assessed. The NRI score was calculated by 1.519 × serum albumin (g/L) + 41.7 × present (kg)/ideal body weight (kg). RESULTS The median age at diagnosis of patients with AAV (131 microscopic polyangiitis, 62 granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and 49 eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis) was 60 years (85 male). During follow-up, twenty-nine patients (12.0%) died after a period of 35.9 months, and 42 patients (17.4%) had ESRD for a period of 30.0 months. Using the receiver operator characteristic curve, the cutoffs of the NRI scores for all-cause mortality and ESRD were calculated as NRI ≤ 101.95 (sensitivity, 46.5%; specificity, 89.7%) and NRI ≤ 99.85 (sensitivity, 57.0%; specificity, 83.3%). In the multivariable Cox hazard model analyses, age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.035), five-factor score (HR, 1.623), and the NRI score ≤ 101.95 (HR, 4.262) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality, whereas, five-factor score (HR, 1.516), hypertension (HR, 1.906), and the NRI score ≤ 99.85 (HR, 3.623) were independent predictors of ESRD occurrence during follow-up in patients with AAV. CONCLUSIONS The NRI score at diagnosis may be a useful index to anticipate all-cause mortality and ESRD occurrence during follow-up in patients with AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Woo Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Pyo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sascău R, Clement A, Radu R, Prisacariu C, Stătescu C. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Their Remnants as Silent Promoters of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Other Metabolic Disorders: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1774. [PMID: 34067469 PMCID: PMC8224751 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While targeting elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been the mainstay of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment for decades, the evidence regarding the atherogenic role of hypertriglyceridemia is still controversial. Various epidemiological population-based studies on statin-treated subjects nominated triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (namely, chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein particles), and their remnants as major determinants of the substantial residual cardiovascular risk. With the triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio emerging as surrogate indicators of peripheral artery disease and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, one can conclude that further research addressing the intricate relationship between triglycerides and atherosclerosis is warranted. Therefore, this review aims to provide insight into the current clinical and epidemiological state of knowledge on the relationship between triglycerides and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It also intends to highlight the connection between triglycerides and other metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, and the potential benefits of triglyceride-lowering agents on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Sascău
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandra Clement
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Rodica Radu
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Prisacariu
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (R.S.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu, 700503 Iași, Romania
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Ahn SS, Park YB, Lee SW. Serological Biomarkers and Indices for the Current Activity and Prognosis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Experience in a Single Centre in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:279-287. [PMID: 33779081 PMCID: PMC8007433 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.4.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small vessel vasculitis is composed of two types of vasculitis based on immune-complex deposits, immune-complex vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) according to the 2012 Chapel Hill Consensus Conferences Nomenclature of Vasculitis. In general, the current disease-states are assessed in three ways in real clinical practice such as activity, damage and functional status. Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS, version 3) and five-factor score were calculated for assessing the cross-sectional activity and for predicting the prognosis of AAV, respectively. Since BVAS includes a wide spectrum of nine systemic items with differently weighted scores based on new-onset/worsening or persistent each symptom, it has been considered as the most reliable tool to assess AAV activity to date. However, since BVAS represents both cross-sectional and chronic clinical features, it has a limitation in flexibly reflecting the cross-sectional activity or severity of AAV. In addition, the heterogeneous items of BVAS are difficult to reflect the close correlation between BVAS and AAV pathogenesis. It is practically difficult to discover new biomarkers or indices that exceed the reliability of AAV-specific indices or acute-phase reactants established by long clinical experience. However, efforts to discover and develop new biomarkers or indices are expected to complement the clinical unmet need of existing AAV-specific indices and acute-phase reactants. In this review, we reviewed the serological biomarkers and indices that have been reported to date and introduced studies that investigated serological biomarkers and indices in Korean patients with AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hernández JL, Olmos JM, Pariente E, Ramos C, Martínez J, Nan D. The atherogenic index of plasma is related to a degraded bone microarchitecture assessed by the trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women: The Camargo Cohort Study. Maturitas 2021; 148:1-6. [PMID: 34024345 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the trabecular bone score (TBS) in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, to analyze its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), and serum concentrations of 25OHD, PTH, and bone turnover markers. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study nested in a population-based cohort of 1,367 postmenopausal women aged 44-94 years. Participants were classified according to TBS values (<1.230, between 1.230-1.310 and >1.310) and regarding a widely accepted cut-off point of ≥0.11 for AIP. We analyzed TBS, BMD, serum levels of 25OHD, PTH, P1NP, CTX, and clinical covariates. A multivariate analysis was performed to assess the adjusted association between AIP and TBS. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 63±10 years. Women with TBS values <1.230 were older, had greater BMI, greater prevalence of fractures after the age of 40 years, more years since menopause, higher values of AIP, and significantly lower levels of HDL-C, serum phosphate, and 25OHD. AIP values ≥0.11 were not associated with the presence of densitometric osteoporosis (OR=0.83, 95%CI 0.58-1.18; p = 0.30) but, in multivariate analysis, AIP values ≥0.11 were related to a degraded microarchitecture after controlling for age, BMI, smoking, diabetes status, ischemic heart disease, statin use, GFR, a fragility fracture at over 40 years of age and lumbar osteoporosis by DXA, with an adjusted OR=1.61 (95%CI 1.06-2.46; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS AIP is significantly and independently associated with a degraded bone microarchitecture as measured by TBS. In this sense, AIP might be a useful tool in the overall assessment of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Hernández
- Bone Metabolic Unit. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL. University of Cantabria. Santander, Spain.
| | - José M Olmos
- Bone Metabolic Unit. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL. University of Cantabria. Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Josefina Martínez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry. Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL. Santander, Spain
| | - Daniel Nan
- Bone Metabolic Unit. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL. University of Cantabria. Santander, Spain
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Hernández JL, Baldeón C, López-Sundh AE, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, Blanco R, González-López MA. Atherogenic index of plasma is associated with the severity of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a case-control study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:200. [PMID: 32861241 PMCID: PMC7456502 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with several comorbidities and vascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia. The present study aimed to assess the possible associations between the lipid profile and atherogenic indexes and the severity of HS. Methods This case-control study enrolled 78 HS patients and 62 healthy controls. Classic lipid profile and lipoprotein ratios, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), were evaluated. The severity of HS was measured by the HS Physician Global Assessment (PGA). Results HS-patients had lower serum total cholesterol and HDL-C levels and higher AIP than the control group. AIP was positively correlated to BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C, ApoB, HOMA, and hs-CRP and negatively to HDL-C and ApoA1. For the overall lipid profile, only AIP was related to a more severe HS (PGA ≥ 3) after controlling for age, sex, BMI, insulin resistance (IR), active smoking, and statin use (r = 0.268; p = 0.023). Multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI, IR, smoking status and statin use, showed that AIP ≥ 0.11 was significantly associated with the severity of HS (OR, 4.38; CI 95%, 1.09–17.50; p = 0.037). Conclusions In conclusion, these results showed that AIP is significantly and independently associated with HS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Hernández
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Baldeón
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana E López-Sundh
- Division of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - J Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals
- Division of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Marcos A González-López
- Division of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, 39008, Santander, Spain.
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