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Zeze T, Shinjo T, Sato K, Nishimura Y, Imagawa M, Chen S, Ahmed AK, Iwashita M, Yamashita A, Fukuda T, Sanui T, Park K, King GL, Nishimura F. Endothelial Insulin Resistance Exacerbates Experimental Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1152-1161. [PMID: 37448347 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231181539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that the severity of periodontitis is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy individuals. Insulin resistance might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of multiple diabetic complications and is reportedly induced in the gingiva of rodents with type 2 diabetes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes-related periodontitis remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether endothelial insulin resistance in the gingiva may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis as well as elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. We demonstrated that insulin treatment downregulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced VCAM1 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) via the PI3K/Akt activating pathway, resulting in reduced cellular adhesion between ECs and leukocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced selective insulin resistance in ECs diminished the effect of insulin on LPS- or TNFα-stimulated VCAM1 expression. Vascular endothelial cell-specific insulin receptor knockout (VEIRKO) mice exhibited selective inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the gingiva and advanced experimental periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss via upregulation of Vcam1, Tnfα, Mcp-1, Rankl, and neutrophil migration into the gingiva compared with that in the wild-type (WT) mice despite being free from diabetes. We also observed that insulin-mediated activation of FoxO1, a downstream target of Akt, was suppressed in the gingiva of VEIRKO and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, hyperglycemia-treated ECs, and primary ECs from VEIRKO. Further analysis using ECs transfected with intact and mutated FoxO1, with mutations at 3 insulin-mediated phosphorylation sites (T24A, S256D, S316A), suggested that insulin-mediated regulation of VCAM1 expression and cellular adhesion of ECs with leukocytes was attenuated by mutated FoxO1 overexpression. These results suggest that insulin resistance in ECs may contribute to the progression of periodontitis via dysregulated VCAM1 expression and cellular adhesion with leukocytes, resulting from reduced activation of the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zeze
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Shinjo
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Imagawa
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Chen
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A-K Ahmed
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Iwashita
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Yamashita
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Fukuda
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Sanui
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Park
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G L King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Jin Y, Lu J, Liu F, Yang X, Chen F, Zhang J. MiR-4291 stabilized the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques by degrading the MAPK1/ERK2 in ApoE -/- mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1243. [PMID: 36544668 PMCID: PMC9761127 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background This study sought to explore the mechanism of action of the micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-4291 in stabilizing atherosclerotic (AS) plaques. Methods An AS model of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) was established. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to induce an inflammatory response of RAW264.7 macrophages. The mice were divided into the normal diet (ND) + miR-4291 negative control (NC) group, the ND + miR-4291 mimic group, the HFD + miR-4291 NC group, and the HFD + miR-4291 mimic group. They were also classified into the miR-4291 NC group, the miR-4291 mimic group, the ox-LDL + miR-4291 NC group, and the ox-LDL + miR-4291 mimic group. The arterial plaque burden of the mice was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, and the expression of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (p-ERK2) and related proteins in the arterial plaques and RAW264.7 macrophages of the mice were detected by Western blotting. Results Obvious plaques with massive macrophage infiltration were found in the aortic roots of the mice fed a HFD, and smooth muscle cells were found at the margin of the plaques. In the HFD + miR-4291 mimic group, the number of plaques and macrophages was significantly declined, but there were no significant changes in the smooth muscle cells compared to those in the HFD + miR-4291 NC group. The Western blot results showed that miR-4291 reduced the protein expression of p-ERK1-2, t-ERK1-2, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in the AS plaques and the ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophages of the mice fed a HFD. Conclusions MiR-4291 reduced the expression of MMP-2/9 by inhibiting the activity of ERK2, which in turn increased the fibrous cap thickness and stabilized the vulnerable plaques in AS.
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Lu X, Li H, Wang S. Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Against Uremic Accelerated Atherosclerosis via nPKCδ/Akt Signal Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:615816. [PMID: 33644113 PMCID: PMC7903246 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.615816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most common complication and leading cause of death in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Previous studies have found that disorders of cystathionine-gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide (CSE/H2S) system in maintenance hemodialysis patients are correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although the role of CSE/H2S system in UAAS has been preliminarily explored, the molecular mechanism of CSE/H2S is still not systematically elaborated, and the molecular mechanism of nPKCδ and its related signaling pathway in UAAS is still not thoroughly studied. Methods: Forty chronic kidney disease (CHD) patients were studied and the activation of nPKCδ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected. ApoE−/− mice aged 6 weeks were treated with 5/6 nephrectomy and high-fat diet to make UAAS model. They were divided into Sham group (Sham group), UAAS group (UAAS group), UAAS+L-cysteine group (UAAS+L-cys group), UAAS+sodium hydrosulfide group (UAAS+NaHS group) and UAAS+propargylglycine group (UAAS+PPG group). The UAAS+L-cys group, UAAS+NaHS group and UAAS+PPG group were respectively given L-cys, NaHS and PPG by intraperitoneal injection. The aorta was taken 6 weeks after surgery. Western blot was used to detect the activation of nPKCδ, the phosphorylation of Akt, and the expression of VCAM-1 in the aorta of mice. Results: The membrane translocation of nPKCδ in CHD patients with plaque was higher than that in CHD patients without plaque. The membrane translocation of nPKCδ and the expression of VCAM-1 in UAAS group was higher than sham group, L-cys or NaHS injection could suppress the membrane translocation of nPKCδ and the expression of VCAM-1, but PPG treatment resulted in more membrane translocation of nPKCδ and the expression of VCAM-1 (P<0.05, n=6 per group). Akt phosphorylation in UAAS group was lower than sham group, and L-cys or NaHS injection could suppress the degradation of Akt phosphorylation, but PPG treatment resulted in more decrease in the Akt phosphorylation (P<0.05, n=6 per group). Conclusion: Endogenous CSE/H2S system protected against the formation of UAAS via nPKCδ/Akt signal pathway. The imbalance of CSE/H2S system may participate in the formation of UAAS by affecting the expression of downstream molecule VCAM-1, which may be mediated by nPKCδ/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Lu
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Elia E, Ministrini S, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and inflammation: development of hostile microenvironment resulting in cardiac damage. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2021; 70:357-369. [PMID: 33427423 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is emerging as a major risk factor for heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as a myocardial dysfunction that is not caused by underlying hypertension or coronary artery disease. Studies about clinical features, natural history and outcomes of the disease are few and often conflicting, because a universally accepted operative definition of diabetic cardiomyopathy is still lacking. Hyperglycemia and related metabolic and endocrine disorders are the triggering factors of myocardial damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy through multiple mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, inflammation has a relevant role, similar to other chronic myocardial disease, such as hypertensive or ischemic heart disease. A balance between inflammatory damage and healing processes is fundamental for homeostasis of myocardial tissue, whereas diabetes mellitus produces an imbalance, promoting inflammation and delaying healing. Therefore, diabetes-related chronic inflammatory state can produce a progressive qualitative deterioration of myocardial tissue, which reflects on progressive left ventricular functional impairment, which can be either diastolic, with prevalent myocardial hypertrophy, or systolic, with prevalent myocardial fibrosis. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the existing evidence about the role of inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy onset and development. Ultimately, potential pharmacological strategies targeting inflammatory response will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Elia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy - .,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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Ma X, Peng S, Zhou X, Li S, Jin P. The amphioxus ERK2 gene is involved in innate immune response to LPS stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:64-69. [PMID: 30439498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ERK2 gene is a member of the MAPK family, which plays very important roles in responses to external environmental pressures. However, the ERK2 has yet not been identified in amphioxus to date. To further illuminate the function and evolutionary mechanism of the ERK2 gene, in this present study, we have cloned the full length of the ERK2 gene of Branchiostoma belcheri (designed as AmphiERK2), which is highly homologous to these vertebrate ERK2 genes. The AmphiERK2 protein contains the conserved S_TKc domain and the TEY motif, and its 3D structure is also highly similar to human ERK2 protein. Taken together, our results indicate that the AmphiERK2 gene belongs to a member of the ERK2 gene family. We further use qRT-PCR technology to detect an ubiquitous expression of AmphiERK2 gene in all five investigated tissues (muscle, notochord, gill, hepatic caecum and intestine), and the expression level of AmphiERK2 in both notochord and muscle is significantly higher than the other three tissues. Meanwhile our results also demonstrate that LPS stimulation can induce the up-regulation expression of AmphiERK2 gene and significantly increase the phosphorylation level of AmphiERK2 protein, which seems to imply that the AmphiERK2 may be involved in amphioxus innate immune responses. Overall, our findings provide an important insight into amphioxus innate immune function and evolution of the ERK2 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China; The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shuangli Peng
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Taizhou College, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, China.
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Yang D, Xiao CX, Su ZH, Huang MW, Qin M, Wu WJ, Jia WW, Zhu YZ, Hu JF, Liu XH. (-)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol protects against tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation response in endothelial cells by blocking the MAPK/NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 32:15-23. [PMID: 28732803 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial inflammation is an increasingly prevalent condition in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. (-)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol (7-HMR), a naturally occurring plant lignan, possesses both antioxidant and anti-cancer properties and therefore would be a good strategy to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated inflammation in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). PURPOSE The objective of this study is to evaluate for its anti-inflammatory effect on TNF-α-stimulated VECs and underling mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The effect of the 7-HMR on suppression of TNF-α-induced inflammation mediators in VECs were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. MAPKs and phosphorylation of Akt, HO-1 and NF-κB p65 were examined using Western blot. Nuclear localisation of NF-κB was also examined using Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Here we found that 7-HMR could suppress TNF-α-induced inflammatory mediators, such as vascularcelladhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression both in mRNA and protein levels, and concentration-dependently attenuated reactive oxidase species generation. We further identified that 7-HMR remarkably induced superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1 expression associated with degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) and up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, 7-HMR time- and concentration-dependently attenuated TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) and Akt, but not p38, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2. Moreover, 7-HMR significantly suppressed TNF-α-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by inhibiting phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that 7-HMR inhibited TNF-α-stimulated endothelial inflammation, at least in part, through inhibition of NF-κB activation and upregulation of Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway, suggesting 7-HMR might be used as a promising vascular protective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen-Xi Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Hua Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Meng-Wei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-Jun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wan-Wan Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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