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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Schmid O, Rehberg M, Yang L. Bridging Smart Nanosystems with Clinically Relevant Models and Advanced Imaging for Precision Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308659. [PMID: 38282076 PMCID: PMC11005737 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nano-drug-carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge of nano-biological interactions from multidisciplinary perspectives. To this end, this review first provides an overview of membrane-disruption methods such as electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation, microfluidic delivery, and microinjection with the merits of high-throughput and enhanced efficiency for in vitro NDC delivery. The impact of NDC characteristics including particle size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and elasticity on cellular uptake are elaborated and several types of NDC systems aiming for hierarchical targeting and delivery in vivo are reviewed. Emerging in vitro or ex vivo human/animal-derived pathophysiological models are further explored and highly recommended for use in NDC studies since they might mimic in vivo delivery features and fill the translational gaps from animals to humans. The exploration of modern microscopy techniques for precise nanoparticle (NP) tracking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels informs the tailored development of NDCs for in vivo application and clinical translation. Overall, the review integrates the latest insights into smart nanosystem engineering, physiological models, imaging-based validation tools, all directed towards enhancing the precise and efficient intracellular delivery of NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Forensic PathologyWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityNo. 17 Third Renmin Road NorthChengdu610041China
- Burning Rock BiotechBuilding 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou510300China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)Qingdao266042China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Key Clinical SpecialtyBranch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Center of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan410008China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory DiseaseChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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Jamroży M, Kudłacik-Kramarczyk S, Drabczyk A, Krzan M. Advanced Drug Carriers: A Review of Selected Protein, Polysaccharide, and Lipid Drug Delivery Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:786. [PMID: 38255859 PMCID: PMC10815656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on bionanocomposite drug carriers are a key area in the field of active substance delivery, introducing innovative approaches to improve drug therapy. Such drug carriers play a crucial role in enhancing the bioavailability of active substances, affecting therapy efficiency and precision. The targeted delivery of drugs to the targeted sites of action and minimization of toxicity to the body is becoming possible through the use of these advanced carriers. Recent research has focused on bionanocomposite structures based on biopolymers, including lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. This review paper is focused on the description of lipid-containing nanocomposite carriers (including liposomes, lipid emulsions, lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers), polysaccharide-containing nanocomposite carriers (including alginate and cellulose), and protein-containing nanocomposite carriers (e.g., gelatin and albumin). It was demonstrated in many investigations that such carriers show the ability to load therapeutic substances efficiently and precisely control drug release. They also demonstrated desirable biocompatibility, which is a promising sign for their potential application in drug therapy. The development of bionanocomposite drug carriers indicates a novel approach to improving drug delivery processes, which has the potential to contribute to significant advances in the field of pharmacology, improving therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Jamroży
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 8 Niezapominajek Str., 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (S.K.-K.); (A.D.)
| | - Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (S.K.-K.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna Drabczyk
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (S.K.-K.); (A.D.)
| | - Marcel Krzan
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 8 Niezapominajek Str., 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
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Liu W, Wang J, Zhang C, Bao Z, Wu L. Curcumin nanoemulsions inhibit oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR suppression and miR-199a upregulation: A preliminary study. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3183-3192. [PMID: 35689522 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that curcumin (CUR) has anticancer properties in various cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but CUR is greatly restricted in clinical studies and applications due to its low bioavailability. Interestingly, the bioavailability of CUR was found to be significantly improved using loaded lipid nanoemulsions (NEs). OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of CUR-NEs on cell proliferation of OSCC HSC-3 cells in vitro, and explore the potential mechanism of this effect in a preliminary study. RESULTS CUR-NEs exhibited significantly cytotoxic effects on OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the control. The percentage of cells in proliferative phases (S + G2/M) was gradually decreased in a dose- or time-dependent manner caused by CUR-NEs. Moreover, CUR-NEs downregulated the protein expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and upregulated the expression of miR-199a that targeted PI3K in a dose- or time-dependent manner in OSCC cells. Importantly, CUR-NEs cloud effectively counteract the influence on cell proliferation of OSCC cells and the proliferative phases of cell cycle caused by miR-199a inhibitor a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro preliminary study indicated that CUR-NEs may be an effective therapeutic agent for OSCC. Such effects could be related to inhibition of OSCC cell proliferation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR suppression and miR-199a upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Fengcheng Hospital of Fengxian District, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Fengcheng Branch Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Fengcheng Hospital of Fengxian District, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Fengcheng Branch Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhexuan Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dey AK, Nougarède A, Clément F, Fournier C, Jouvin-Marche E, Escudé M, Jary D, Navarro FP, Marche PN. Tuning the Immunostimulation Properties of Cationic Lipid Nanocarriers for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722411. [PMID: 34497612 PMCID: PMC8419413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral systems, such as lipid nanoparticles, have emerged as reliable methods to enable nucleic acid intracellular delivery. The use of cationic lipids in various formulations of lipid nanoparticles enables the formation of complexes with nucleic acid cargo and facilitates their uptake by target cells. However, due to their small size and highly charged nature, these nanocarrier systems can interact in vivo with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. As this might prove to be a safety concern for developing therapies based on lipid nanocarriers, we sought to understand how they could affect the physiology of APCs. In the present study, we investigate the cellular and metabolic response of primary macrophages or DCs exposed to the neutral or cationic variant of the same lipid nanoparticle formulation. We demonstrate that macrophages are the cells affected most significantly and that the cationic nanocarrier has a substantial impact on their physiology, depending on the positive surface charge. Our study provides a first model explaining the impact of charged lipid materials on immune cells and demonstrates that the primary adverse effects observed can be prevented by fine-tuning the load of nucleic acid cargo. Finally, we bring rationale to calibrate the nucleic acid load of cationic lipid nanocarriers depending on whether immunostimulation is desirable with the intended therapeutic application, for instance, gene delivery or messenger RNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam K. Dey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Adrien Nougarède
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- CEA, LETI, Division for Biology and Healthcare Technologies, Microfluidic Systems and Bioengineering Lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Flora Clément
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, Biomics, Grenoble, France
| | - Carole Fournier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Evelyne Jouvin-Marche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Marie Escudé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- CEA, LETI, Division for Biology and Healthcare Technologies, Microfluidic Systems and Bioengineering Lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Dorothée Jary
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- CEA, LETI, Division for Biology and Healthcare Technologies, Microfluidic Systems and Bioengineering Lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice P. Navarro
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- CEA, LETI, Division for Biology and Healthcare Technologies, Microfluidic Systems and Bioengineering Lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice N. Marche
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St Martin d’Hères, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
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Yakavets I, Francois A, Lamy L, Piffoux M, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C, Zorin V, Silva AKA, Bezdetnaya L. Effect of stroma on the behavior of temoporfin-loaded lipid nanovesicles inside the stroma-rich head and neck carcinoma spheroids. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:3. [PMID: 33407564 PMCID: PMC7789590 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the highly expected clinical application of nanoparticles (NPs), the translation of NPs from lab to the clinic has been relatively slow. Co-culture 3D spheroids account for the 3D arrangement of tumor cells and stromal components, e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix, recapitulating microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we investigated how the stroma-rich tumor microenvironment affects the uptake, penetration, and photodynamic efficiency of three lipid-based nanoformulations of approved in EU photosensitizer temoporfin (mTHPC): Foslip® (mTHPC in conventional liposomes), drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes (mTHPC-DCL) and extracellular vesicles (mTHPC-EVs). Results Collagen expression in co-culture stroma-rich 3D HNSCC spheroids correlates with the amount of CAFs (MeWo cells) in individual spheroid. The assessment of mTHPC loading demonstrated that Foslip®, mTHPC-DCL and mTHPC-EVs encapsulated 0.05 × 10− 15 g, 0.07 × 10− 15 g, and 1.3 × 10− 15 g of mTHPC per nanovesicle, respectively. The mid-penetration depth of mTHPC NPs in spheroids was 47.8 µm (Foslip®), 87.8 µm (mTHPC-DCL), and 49.7 µm (mTHPC-EVs), irrespective of the percentage of stromal components. The cellular uptake of Foslip® and mTHPC-DCL was significantly higher in stroma-rich co-culture spheroids and was increasing upon the addition of serum in the culture medium. Importantly, we observed no significant difference between PDT effect in monoculture and co-culture spheroids treated with lipid-based NPs. Overall, in all types of spheroids mTHPC-EVs demonstrated outstanding total cellular uptake and PDT efficiency comparable to other NPs. Conclusions The stromal microenvironment strongly affects the uptake of NPs, while the penetration and PDT efficacy are less sensitive to the presence of stromal components. mTHPC-EVs outperform other lipid nanovesicles due to the extremely high loading capacity. The results of the present study enlarge our understanding of how stroma components affect the delivery of NPs into the tumors. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Yakavets
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Aurelie Francois
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Laureline Lamy
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Max Piffoux
- Laboratoire Matière et systèmes complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et systèmes complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et systèmes complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Vladimir Zorin
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Laboratoire Matière et systèmes complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Three-Dimensional Spheroids as In Vitro Preclinical Models for Cancer Research. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121186. [PMID: 33291351 PMCID: PMC7762220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority of promising preclinical drugs have no or weak efficacy in real patients with tumors, thereby delaying the discovery of successful therapeutics. This is because 2D culture lacks cell–cell contacts and natural tumor microenvironment, important in tumor signaling and drug response, thereby resulting in a reduced malignant phenotype compared to the real tumor. In this sense, three-dimensional (3D) cultures of cancer cells that better recapitulate in vivo cell environments emerged as scientifically accurate and low cost cancer models for preclinical screening and testing of new drug candidates before moving to expensive and time-consuming animal models. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of 3D tumor systems and highlight the strategies for spheroid construction and evaluation tools of targeted therapies, focusing on their applicability in cancer research. Examples of the applicability of 3D culture for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines are discussed.
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Van Zundert I, Fortuni B, Rocha S. From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models-The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2236. [PMID: 33187231 PMCID: PMC7696259 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research has made impressive breakthroughs towards drug delivery systems, resulting in a wide range of multifunctional engineered nanoparticles with biomedical applications such as cancer therapy. Despite these significant advances, well-designed nanoparticles rarely reach the clinical stage. Promising results obtained in standard 2D cell culture systems often turn into disappointing outcomes in in vivo models. Although the overall majority of in vitro nanoparticle research is still performed on 2D monolayer cultures, more and more researchers started acknowledging the importance of using 3D cell culture systems, as better models for mimicking the in vivo tumor physiology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the 3D cancer cell models currently available. We highlight their potential as a platform for drug delivery studies and pinpoint the challenges associated with their use. We discuss in which way each 3D model mimics the in vivo tumor physiology, how they can or have been used in nanomedicine research and to what extent the results obtained so far affect the progress of nanomedicine development. It is of note that the global scientific output associated with 3D models is limited, showing that the use of these systems in nanomedicine investigation is still highly challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Fortuni
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
| | - Susana Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
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Liu Y, Ma Z. g-C3N4 Modified by meso-Tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Under Visible/Near-Infrared Light. Front Chem 2020; 8:605343. [PMID: 33240861 PMCID: PMC7677346 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.605343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new photocatalyst denoted as mTHPC/pCN was prepared by modifying protonated graphitic carbon nitride (pCN) by meso-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC). Relevant samples were characterized via various methods including zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible–near-infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photocurrent response measurements, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and phosphorescence spectroscopy. Compared with pCN, mTHPC/pCN shows enhanced absorption in the visible and near-infrared regions and thus higher photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution. A possible mechanism for mTHPC/pCN is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Ma
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Dailey AL, Greer MD, Sodia TZ, Jewell MP, Kalin TA, Cash KJ. LipiSensors: Exploiting Lipid Nanoemulsions to Fabricate Ionophore-Based Nanosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10090120. [PMID: 32927619 PMCID: PMC7557773 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionophore-based nanosensors (IBNS) are tools that enable quantification of analytes in complex chemical and biological systems. IBNS methodology is adopted from that of bulk optodes where an ion exchange event is converted to a change in optical output. While valuable, an important aspect for application is the ability to intentionally tune their size with simple approaches, and ensure that they contain compounds safe for application. Lipidots are a platform of size tunable lipid nanoemulsions with a hydrophobic lipid core typically used for imaging and drug delivery. Here, we present LipiSensors as size tunable IBNS by exploiting the Lipidot model as a hydrophobic structural support for the sensing moieties that are traditionally encased in plasticized PVC nanoparticles. The LipiSensors we demonstrate here are sensitive and selective for calcium, reversible, and have a lifetime of approximately one week. By changing the calcium sensing components inside the hydrophobic core of the LipiSensors to those sensitive for oxygen, they are also able to be used as ratiometric O2 sensitive nanosensors via a quenching-based mechanism. LipiSensors provide a versatile, general platform nanosensing with the ability to directly tune the size of the sensors while including biocompatible materials as the structural support by merging sensing approaches with the Lipidot platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. Dailey
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.P.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Meredith D. Greer
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.P.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Tyler Z. Sodia
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.;
| | - Megan P. Jewell
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.P.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Tabitha A. Kalin
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.P.J.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Kevin J. Cash
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.D.G.); (M.P.J.); (T.A.K.)
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-273-3631
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Darrigues E, Nima ZA, Griffin RJ, Anderson JM, Biris AS, Rodriguez A. 3D cultures for modeling nanomaterial-based photothermal therapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:400-430. [PMID: 32118219 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is one of the most promising techniques for cancer tumor ablation. Nanoparticles are increasingly being investigated for use with PTT and can serve as theranostic agents. Based on the ability of near-infrared nano-photo-absorbers to generate heat under laser irradiation, PTT could prove advantageous in certain situations over more classical cancer therapies. To analyze the efficacy of nanoparticle-based PTT, preclinical in vitro studies typically use 2D cultures, but this method cannot completely mimic the complex tumor organization, bioactivity, and physiology that all control the complex penetration depth, biodistribution, and tissue diffusion parameters of nanomaterials in vivo. To fill this knowledge gap, 3D culture systems have been explored for PTT analysis. These models provide more realistic microenvironments that allow spatiotemporal oxygen gradients and cancer cell adaptations to be considered. This review highlights the work that has been done to advance 3D models for cancer microenvironment modeling, specifically in the context of advanced, functionalized nanoparticle-directed PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Darrigues
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
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Sztandera K, Gorzkiewicz M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy-in vitro and in vivo studies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1509. [PMID: 31692285 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive technique which has proven to be successful in the treatment of several types of tumors. This relatively simple method exploits three inseparable elements: phototoxic compound (photosensitizer [PS]), light source, and oxygen. Upon irradiation by light with specified wavelength, PS generates reactive oxygen species, which starts the cascade of reactions leading to cell death. The positive therapeutic outcome of PDT may be limited due to several aspects, including low water solubility of PSs, hampering their effective administration and blood circulation, as well as low tumor specificity, inefficient cellular uptake and activation energies requiring prolonged illumination times. One of the promising approaches to overcome these obstacles involves the use of carrier systems modulating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the PSs. In the present review, we summarized current in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the use of nanoparticles as potential delivery devices for PSs to enhance their cellular uptake and cytotoxic properties, and thus-the therapeutic outcome of PDT. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Olek M, Kasperski J, Skaba D, Wiench R, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma—Clinical implications resulting from in vitro research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:255-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Yakavets I, Millard M, Zorin V, Lassalle HP, Bezdetnaya L. Current state of the nanoscale delivery systems for temoporfin-based photodynamic therapy: Advanced delivery strategies. J Control Release 2019; 304:268-287. [PMID: 31136810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enthusiasm for photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a promising technique to eradicate various cancers has increased exponentially in recent decades. The majority of clinically approved photosensitizers are hydrophobic in nature, thus, the effective delivery of photosensitizers at the targeted site is the main hurdle associated with PDT. Temoporfin (mTHPC, medicinal product name: Foscan®), is one of the most potent clinically approved photosensitizers, is not an exception. Successful temoporfin-PDT requires nanoscale delivery systems for selective delivery of photosensitizer. Over the last 25 years, the number of papers on nanoplatforms developed for mTHPC delivery such as conjugates, host-guest inclusion complexes, lipid-and polymer-based nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes is burgeoning. However, none of them appeared to be "ultimate". The present review offers the description of different challenges and achievements in nanoparticle-based mTHPC delivery focusing on the synergetic combination of various nano-platforms to improve temoporfin delivery at all stages of biodistribution. Furthermore, the association of different nanoparticles in one nanoplatform might be considered as an advanced strategy allowing the combination of several treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Yakavets
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Marie Millard
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Vladimir Zorin
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Dauhabrodskaja 23, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Henri-Pierre Lassalle
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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14
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Millard M, Yakavets I, Piffoux M, Brun A, Gazeau F, Guigner JM, Jasniewski J, Lassalle HP, Wilhelm C, Bezdetnaya L. mTHPC-loaded extracellular vesicles outperform liposomal and free mTHPC formulations by an increased stability, drug delivery efficiency and cytotoxic effect in tridimensional model of tumors. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1790-1801. [PMID: 30785308 PMCID: PMC6292368 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1513609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient photodynamic therapy with meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorine requires the application of specific nanoformulations. mTHPC liposomal formulation (Foslip®) demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics properties. However, rapid liposomes destruction in circulation and rapid mTHPC release impedes Foslip® applications. Alternatively, mTHPC nanovectorization using extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be an attractive option. EVs are naturally secreted by the organism to play a role in intercellular communication due to the capacity to transport proteins and nucleic acids. EVs also possess a natural ability to deliver therapeutic molecules into cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate photophysical and photobiological properties of mTHPC loaded in endothelial EVs as nanocarriers. We also studied efficiency of nanovectorisation on mTHPC distribution and PDT activity in multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). MCTS is a nonvascularized in vitro 3D model of cells that mimics a similar microenvironment to in vivo situation. mTHPC-EVs were characterized by means of spectroscopic techniques, flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Compared with Foslip®, mTHPC-EVs are stable in murine plasma. Better mTHPC accumulation and penetration (up to 100 µm) in MCTS was observed for mTHPC-EVs compared with liposomal mTHPC. These factors could explain enhanced photodynamic activity of mTHPC-EVs compared with free and liposomal mTHPC. The light dose inducing 50% of cell death with mTHPC-EVs was 4 and 2.5-times lower than that of free and liposomal mTHPC. The obtained results demonstrate that EVs should be considered as perspective nanocarriers for mTHPC-mediated PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Millard
- CRAN, CNRS UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ilya Yakavets
- CRAN, CNRS UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Max Piffoux
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Amanda Brun
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Henri-Pierre Lassalle
- CRAN, CNRS UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- CRAN, CNRS UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Zhao Y, Li F, Mao C, Ming X. Multiarm Nanoconjugates for Cancer Cell-Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2559-2569. [PMID: 29764120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, a procedure that uses a photosensitizer to enable light therapy selectively at diseased sites, remains underutilized in oncological clinic. To further improve its cancer selectivity, we developed a polymeric nanosystem by conjugating a photosensitizer IRDye 700DX (IR700) and cancer targeting RGD peptide to 8-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG). The resulting nanoconjugates (RGD-8PEG-IR700) exhibited a hydrodynamic size of 6.6 nm with narrow distribution of size. The targeted nanoconjugates showed significantly higher intracellular uptake of IR700 in integrin αvβ3-expressing A375 and SKOV3 cells when compared with nontargeted control 8PEG-IR700, and an excess amount of RGD peptides could abolish this enhancement, indicating a receptor-mediated uptake mechanism for the targeted polymer conjugates. Phototoxicity studies indicated that RGD-8PEG-IR700 produced massive cell killing in A375 cells after photoirradiation with an IC50 value of 57.8 nM for IR700. In contrast, free IR700 and the control 8PEG-IR700 conjugates did not produce any phototoxicity at the concentrations up to 1 μM IR700. Upon photoirradiation, the RGD-8PEG-IR700 could produce sufficient singlet oxygen in the cells and induced cell apoptosis. The studies with three-dimensional tumor spheroids showed that they penetrated tumor spheroids deeply and produced strong phototoxicity. Thus, we conclude that the polymer nanoconjugates may provide a promising delivery system for targeted photodynamic therapy of cancers due to their small size, cancer cell specificity, and minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center , Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States.,National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center , China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center , Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States.,School of Pharmacy , Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine , Yancheng 224005 , China
| | - Chengqiong Mao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center , Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Xin Ming
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center , Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
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16
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Hibbitts A, O'Leary C. Emerging Nanomedicine Therapies to Counter the Rise of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E321. [PMID: 29473883 PMCID: PMC5849018 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a recent report, the World Health Organisation (WHO) classified antibiotic resistance as one of the greatest threats to global health, food security, and development. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains at the core of this threat, with persistent and resilient strains detectable in up to 90% of S. aureus infections. Unfortunately, there is a lack of novel antibiotics reaching the clinic to address the significant morbidity and mortality that MRSA is responsible for. Recently, nanomedicine strategies have emerged as a promising therapy to combat the rise of MRSA. However, these approaches have been wide-ranging in design, with few attempts to compare studies across scientific and clinical disciplines. This review seeks to reconcile this discrepancy in the literature, with specific focus on the mechanisms of MRSA infection and how they can be exploited by bioactive molecules that are delivered by nanomedicines, in addition to utilisation of the nanomaterials themselves as antibacterial agents. Finally, we discuss targeting MRSA biofilms using nano-patterning technologies and comment on future opportunities and challenges for MRSA treatment using nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hibbitts
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Cian O'Leary
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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17
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Mohammad-Hadi L, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M, Yaghini E. Photodynamic therapy in 3D cancer models and the utilisation of nanodelivery systems. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1570-1581. [PMID: 29308480 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07739d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the subject of considerable research in experimental cancer models mainly for the treatment of solid cancerous tumours. Recent studies on the use of nanoparticles as photosensitiser carriers have demonstrated improved PDT efficacy in experimental cancer therapy. Experiments typically employ conventional monolayer cell culture but there is increasing interest in testing PDT using three dimensional (3D) cancer models. 3D cancer models can better mimic in vivo models than 2D cultures by for example enabling cancer cell interactions with a surrounding extracellular matrix which should enable the treatment to be optimised prior to in vivo studies. The aim of this review is to discuss recent research using PDT in different types of 3D cancer models, from spheroids to nano-fibrous scaffolds, using a range of photosensitisers on their own or incorporated in nanoparticles and nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohammad-Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Nanotechnology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
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18
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Enhanced photodyamic therapy via photosensitizer-loaded nanoparticles for cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Millard M, Yakavets I, Zorin V, Kulmukhamedova A, Marchal S, Bezdetnaya L. Drug delivery to solid tumors: the predictive value of the multicellular tumor spheroid model for nanomedicine screening. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7993-8007. [PMID: 29184400 PMCID: PMC5673046 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of publications on the subject shows that nanomedicine is an attractive field for investigations aiming to considerably improve anticancer chemotherapy. Based on selective tumor targeting while sparing healthy tissue, carrier-mediated drug delivery has been expected to provide significant benefits to patients. However, despite reduced systemic toxicity, most nanodrugs approved for clinical use have been less effective than previously anticipated. The gap between experimental results and clinical outcomes demonstrates the necessity to perform comprehensive drug screening by using powerful preclinical models. In this context, in vitro three-dimensional models can provide key information on drug behavior inside the tumor tissue. The multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) model closely mimics a small avascular tumor with the presence of proliferative cells surrounding quiescent cells and a necrotic core. Oxygen, pH and nutrient gradients are similar to those of solid tumor. Furthermore, extracellular matrix (ECM) components and stromal cells can be embedded in the most sophisticated spheroid design. All these elements together with the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) play a key role in drug transport, and therefore, the MCTS model is appropriate to assess the ability of NP to penetrate the tumor tissue. This review presents recent developments in MCTS models for a better comprehension of the interactions between NPs and tumor components that affect tumor drug delivery. MCTS is particularly suitable for the high-throughput screening of new nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Millard
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ilya Yakavets
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology
| | - Vladimir Zorin
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology.,International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Aigul Kulmukhamedova
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Department of Radiology, Medical Company Sunkar, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Sophie Marchal
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine.,Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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20
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Moret F, Reddi E. Strategies for optimizing the delivery to tumors of macrocyclic photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review briefly summaries the principles and mechanisms of action of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as concerns its application in the oncological field, highlighting its drawbacks and some of the strategies that have been or are being explored to overcome them. The major aim is to increase the efficiency and selectivity of the photosensitizer (PS) uptake in the cancer cells for optimizing the PDT effects on tumors while sparing normal cells. Some attempts to achieve this are based on the conjugation of the PS to biomolecules (small ligands, peptides) functioning as carriers with the ability to efficiently penetrate cells and/or specifically recognize and bind proteins/receptors overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells. Alternatively, the PS can be entrapped in nanocarriers derived from various types of materials that can target the tumor by exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. The use of nanocarriers is particularly attractive because it allows the simultaneous delivery of more than one drug with the possibility of combining PDT with other therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Reddi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B 35121 Padova, Italy
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Hinger D, Gräfe S, Navarro F, Spingler B, Pandiarajan D, Walt H, Couffin AC, Maake C. Lipid nanoemulsions and liposomes improve photodynamic treatment efficacy and tolerance in CAL-33 tumor bearing nude mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:71. [PMID: 27716314 PMCID: PMC5048629 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments works by irradiation of a photosensitizer (PS) with light, which creates reactive oxygen species and singlet oxygen (1O2), that damage the tumor. However, a routine use is hindered by the PS’s poor water solubility and extended cutaneous photosensitivity of patients after treatment. In our study we sought to overcome these limitations by encapsulation of the PS m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) into a biocompatible nanoemulsion (Lipidots). Results In CAL-33 tumor bearing nude mice we compared the Lipidots to the existing liposomal mTHPC nanoformulation Foslip and the approved mTHPC formulation Foscan. We established biodistribution profiles via fluorescence measurements in vivo and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. All formulations accumulated in the tumors and we could determine the optimum treatment time point for each substance (8 h for mTHPC, 24 h for Foslip and 72 h for the Lipidots). We used two different light doses (10 and 20 J/cm2) and evaluated immediate PDT effects 48 h after treatment and long term effects 14 days later. We also analyzed tumors by histological analysis and performing reverse transcription real-time PCR with RNA extracts. Concerning tumor destruction Foslip was superior to Lipidots and Foscan while with regard to tolerance and side effects Lipidots were giving the best results. Conclusions We could demonstrate in our study that nanoformulations are superior to the free PS mTHPC. The development of a potent nanoformulation is of major importance because the free PS is related to several issues such as poor bioavailability, solubility and increased photosensibility of patients. We could show in this study that Foslip is very potent in destroying the tumors itself. However, because the Lipidots' biocompatibility is outstanding and superior to the liposomes we plan to carry out further investigations and protocol optimization. Both nanoformulations show great potential to revolutionize PDT in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0223-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hinger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
| | - Susanna Gräfe
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabrice Navarro
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Technologies for Biology and Healthcare Division, 38054, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Devaraj Pandiarajan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Walt
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Couffin
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Technologies for Biology and Healthcare Division, 38054, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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