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Wang X, Wu T. An update on the biological effects of quantum dots: From environmental fate to risk assessment based on multiple biological models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163166. [PMID: 37011691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are zero-dimension nanomaterials with excellent physical and chemical properties, which have been widely used in environmental science and biomedicine. Therefore, QDs are potential to cause toxicity to the environment and enter organisms through migration and bioenrichment effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis on the adverse effects of QDs in different organisms based on recently available data. Following PRISMA guidelines, this study searched PubMed database according to the pre-set keywords, and included 206 studies according to the inclusion and elimination criteria. CiteSpace software was firstly used to analyze the keywords of included literatures, search for breaking points of former studies, and summarize the classification, characterization and dosage of QDs. The environment fate of QDs in the ecosystems were then analyzed, followed with comprehensively summarized toxicity outcomes at individual, system, cell, subcellular and molecular levels. After migration and degradation in the environment, aquatic plants, bacteria, fungi as well as invertebrates and vertebrates have been found to be suffered from toxic effects caused by QDs. Aside from systemic effects, toxicity of intrinsic QDs targeting to specific organs, including respiratory system, cardiovascular system, hepatorenal system, nervous system and immune system were confirmed in multiple animal models. Moreover, QDs could be taken up by cells and disturb the organelles, which resulted in cellular inflammation and cell death, including autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Recently, several innovative technologies, like organoids have been applied in the risk assessment of QDs to promote the surgical interventions of preventing QDs' toxicity. This review not only aimed at updating the research progress on the biological effects of QDs from environmental fate to risk assessment, but also overcame the limitations of available reviews on basic toxicity of nanomaterials by interdisciplinarity and provided new insights for better applications of QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, PR China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, PR China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Ji M, Ren L, Tian C, Zhuang X, Luan F. A Comparative Study of Nanobio Interaction of Zn-Doped CdTe Quantum Dots with Lactoferrin Using Different Spectroscopic Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119325. [PMID: 37298273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, glutathione (GSH)-coated Zn-doped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with different particle sizes were synthesized using the "reflow method", and the interaction mechanism between the two QDs and lactoferrin (LF) was investigated systemically with different spectroscopic methods. The steady-state fluorescence spectra showed that the LF formed a tight complex with the two QDs through static bursting and that the electrostatic force was the main driving force between the two LF-QDs systems. The complex generation process was found to be spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and accompanied by exothermic and increasing degrees of freedom (ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0) by using the temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy. The critical transfer distance (R0) and donor-acceptor distance (r) of the two LF-QDs systems were obtained based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer theory. In addition, it was observed that the QDs changed the secondary and tertiary structures of LF, leading to an increase in the hydrophobicity of LF. Further, the nano-effect of orange QDs on LF is much larger than that of green QDs. The above results provide a basis for metal-doped QDs with LF in safe nano-bio applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Liwei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chunyuan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xuming Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Akitsu T, Miroslaw B, Sudarsan S. Photofunctions in Hybrid Systems of Schiff Base Metal Complexes and Metal or Semiconductor (Nano)Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710005. [PMID: 36077409 PMCID: PMC9456394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite materials very often provide new catalytic, optical or other physicochemical properties not observed for each component separately. Photofunctions in hybrid systems are an interesting topic of great importance for industry. This review presents the recent advances, trends and possible applications of photofunctions of hybrid systems composed of Schiff base metal complexes and metal or semiconductor (nano)materials. We focus on photocatalysis, sensitization in solar cells (DSSC-dye sensitized solar cell), ligand-induced chirality and applications in environmental protection for Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduction, in cosmetology as sunscreens, in real-time visualization of cellular processes, in bio-labeling, and in light activated prodrug applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashiro Akitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (B.M.); Tel.: +81-3-5228-8271 (T.A.)
| | - Barbara Miroslaw
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry and Crystallography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (B.M.); Tel.: +81-3-5228-8271 (T.A.)
| | - Shanmugavel Sudarsan
- Department of Chemistry, Rajalakshmi Engineering College (Autonomous), Thandalam 602 105, Tamilnadu, India
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Zheng B, Fan J, Chen B, Qin X, Wang J, Wang F, Deng R, Liu X. Rare-Earth Doping in Nanostructured Inorganic Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5519-5603. [PMID: 34989556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impurity doping is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been extensively explored as active dopants in inorganic crystal lattices since the 18th century. Rare-earth doping can alter the crystallographic phase, morphology, and size, leading to tunable optical responses of doped nanomaterials. Moreover, rare-earth doping can control the ultimate electronic and catalytic performance of doped nanomaterials in a tunable and scalable manner, enabling significant improvements in energy harvesting and conversion. A better understanding of the critical role of rare-earth doping is a prerequisite for the development of an extensive repertoire of functional nanomaterials for practical applications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in rare-earth doping in inorganic nanomaterials and the associated applications in many fields. This review covers the key criteria for rare-earth doping, including basic electronic structures, lattice environments, and doping strategies, as well as fundamental design principles that enhance the electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic properties of the material. We also discuss future research directions and challenges in controlling rare-earth doping for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingyue Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Renren Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Wang J, Yu X, Zheng X. Influence of zinc doping on the molecular biocompatibility of cadmium-based quantum dots: Insights from the interaction with trypsin. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109716. [PMID: 34688612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doping quantum dots (QDs) with extra element presents a promising future for their applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, commercial products and biomedical sciences. However, it remains unknown for the influence of doping on the molecular biocompatibility of QDs and the underlying mechanisms of the interaction between doped-QDs and protein molecules. Using the "one-pot" method, we synthesized N-acetyl-l-cysteine capped CdTe: Zn2+ QDs with higher fluorescence quantum yield, improved stability and better molecular biocompatibility compared with undoped CdTe QDs. Using digestive enzyme trypsin (TRY) as the protein model, the interactions of undoped QDs and Zn-doped QDs with TRY as well as the underlying mechanisms were investigated using multi-spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry and dialysis techniques. Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds are the major driving forces in the interaction of both QDs with TRY, which leading to the loosening of protein skeleton and tertiary structural changes. Compared with undoped QDs, Zn-doped QDs bind less amount of TRY with a higher affinity and then release higher amount of Cd. Zn-doped QDs have a less stimulating impact on TRY activity by decreasing TRY binding and reducing Cd binding to TRY. Taken all together, Zn-doped QDs offer a safer alternative for the applications of QDs by reducing unwanted interactions with proteins and improving biocompatibility at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Xinping Yu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, PR China
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Haddad Y, Charousova M, Zivotska H, Splichal Z, Merlos Rodrigo MA, Michalkova H, Krizkova S, Tesarova B, Richtera L, Vitek P, Stokowa-Soltys K, Hynek D, Milosavljevic V, Rex S, Heger Z. Norepinephrine transporter-derived homing peptides enable rapid endocytosis of drug delivery nanovehicles into neuroblastoma cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:95. [PMID: 32660596 PMCID: PMC7359476 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastomas-the most frequent solid tumors in children-exploit the norepinephrine transporter (hNET) via radiolabeled norepinephrine analogs. We aim to develop a nanomedicine-based strategy towards precision therapy by targeting hNET cell-surface protein with hNET-derived homing peptides. RESULTS The peptides (seq. GASNGINAYL and SLWERLAYGI) were shown to bind high-resolution homology models of hNET in silico. In particular, one unique binding site has marked the sequence and structural similarities of both peptides, while most of the contribution to the interaction was attributed to the electrostatic energy of Asn and Arg (< - 228 kJ/mol). The peptides were comprehensively characterized by computational and spectroscopic methods showing ~ 21% β-sheets/aggregation for GASNGINAYL and ~ 27% α-helix for SLWERLAYGI. After decorating 12-nm ferritin-based nanovehicles with cysteinated peptides, both peptides exhibited high potential for use in actively targeted neuroblastoma nanotherapy with exceptional in vitro biocompatibility and stability, showing minor yet distinct influences of the peptides on the global expression profiles. Upon binding to hNET with fast binding kinetics, GASNGINAYLC peptides enabled rapid endocytosis of ferritins into neuroblastoma cells, leading to apoptosis due to increased selective cytotoxicity of transported payload ellipticine. Peptide-coated nanovehicles significantly showed higher levels of early apoptosis after 6 h than non-coated nanovehicles (11% and 7.3%, respectively). Furthermore, targeting with the GASNGINAYLC peptide led to significantly higher degree of late apoptosis compared to the SLWERLAYGIC peptide (9.3% and 4.4%, respectively). These findings were supported by increased formation of reactive oxygen species, down-regulation of survivin and Bcl-2 and up-regulated p53. CONCLUSION This novel homing nanovehicle employing GASNGINAYLC peptide was shown to induce rapid endocytosis of ellipticine-loaded ferritins into neuroblastoma cells in selective fashion and with successful payload. Future homing peptide development via lead optimization and functional analysis can pave the way towards efficient peptide-based active delivery of nanomedicines to neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marketa Charousova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Zivotska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zbynek Splichal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Tesarova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Vitek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kamila Stokowa-Soltys
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia
| | - Simona Rex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia.
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czechia.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czechia.
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Michalkova H, Skubalova Z, Sopha H, Strmiska V, Tesarova B, Dostalova S, Svec P, Hromadko L, Motola M, Macak JM, Adam V, Heger Z. Complex cytotoxicity mechanism of bundles formed from self-organised 1-D anodic TiO 2 nanotubes layers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122054. [PMID: 31954312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on a comprehensive investigation of mechanisms of in vitro cytotoxicity of high aspect ratio (HAR) bundles formed from anodic TiO2 nanotube (TNT) layers. Comparative cytotoxicity studies were performed using two types of HAR TNTs (diameter of ∼110 nm), differing in initial thickness of the nanotubular layer (∼35 μm for TNTs-1 vs. ∼10 μm for TNTs-2). Using two types of epithelial cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HEK-293), it was found that nanotoxicity is highly cell-type dependent and plausibly associates with higher membrane fluidity and decreased rigidity of cancer cells enabling penetration of TNTs to the cell membrane towards disruption of membrane integrity and reorganization of cytoskeletal network. Upon penetration, TNTs dysregulated redox homeostasis followed by DNA fragmentation and apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Both TNTs exhibited haemolytic activity and rapidly activated polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Throughout the whole study, TNTs-2 possessing a lower aspect ratio manifested significantly higher cytotoxic effects. Taken together, this is the first report comprehensively investigating the mechanisms underlying the nanotoxicity of bundles formed from self-organised 1-D anodic TNT layers. Except for description of nanotoxicity of industrially-interesting nanomaterials, the delineation of the nanotoxicity paradigm in cancer cells could serve as solid basis for future efforts in rational engineering of TNTs towards selective anticancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Michalkova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Skubalova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Hanna Sopha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, CZ-530 02 Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Tesarova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Simona Dostalova
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Svec
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Ludek Hromadko
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, CZ-530 02 Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Martin Motola
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, CZ-530 02 Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Jan M Macak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia; Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nam. Cs. Legii 565, CZ-530 02 Pardubice, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Research Group for Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czechia.
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Blížkovská S. Towards an Understanding of Specific Response of Metallothionein (Sub)Isoforms to Exposure to Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Du Y, Zhong Y, Dong J, Qian C, Sun S, Gao L, Yang D. The effect of PEG functionalization on the in vivo behavior and toxicity of CdTe quantum dots. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12218-12225. [PMID: 35515837 PMCID: PMC9063558 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are considered a potential toxic substance because they contain metal ions. However, most toxicology data are derived from in vitro studies or limited in vivo analysis and may not reflect in vivo responses and biodistribution. Proper modification is one of the most widely used routes to reduce the toxicity of QDs. Herein, we demonstrated the role of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in decreasing the toxicity of QDs by studying the animal survival, clinical biochemistry, organ histology, biodistribution and oxidative stress in thioglycolic acid (TGA)- and mercapto-acetohydrazide (TGH)-stabilized CdTe QD (TGA/TGH-CdTe QD)-treated groups. Via the histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and biodistribution results, it was found that the QDs mainly accumulated in the liver and kidney at 7 days post-injection, and obvious tissue damage was also observed in the bare TGA/TGH-CdTe QD group. Based on the evaluation of oxidative stress in the liver and kidney, the indicators exhibited an obvious variation with a high dose of TGA/TGH-CdTe QDs. In contrast, the QD aggregation decreased in the liver and kidney with no clear physiological index variation after PEG functionalization. Thus, PEG plays an important role in decreasing the toxicity of the CdTe QDs, and both the accumulation of cadmium and oxidative stress variation instead of an isolation factor are responsible for the in vivo toxicity of these QDs. CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are considered a potential toxic substance because they contain metal ions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Chuntong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | | | | | - Dongzhi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy
- Xuzhou Medical University
- Xuzhou
- China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
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