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sanei M, Amirheidari B, Satarzadeh N. Mutuality of epigenetic and nanoparticles: two sides of a coin. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23679. [PMID: 38187314 PMCID: PMC10767507 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays nanoparticles (NPs) due to their multidimensional applications in enormous different fields, has become an exciting research topic. In particular, they could attract a noticeable interest as drug deliver with increased bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and drug specificity. Epigenetic can be considered as a complex network of molecular mechanism which are engaged in gene expression and have a vital role in regulation of environmental effects on ethology of different disorders like neurological disorders, cancers and cardiovascular diseases. For many of them epigenetic therapy was proposed although its application accompanied with limitations, due to drug toxicity. In this review we evaluate two aspects to epigenetic in the field of NPs: firstly, the role of epigenetic in regulation of nanotoxicity and secondly application of NPs as potential carriers for epidrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam sanei
- Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Satarzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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2
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Sheng J, Liu Y, Ding H, Wu L, Liu L, Si G, Shen Y, Yang F, Gu N. Magnetic Delivery of Antigen-Loaded Magnetic Liposomes for Active Lymph Node Targeting and Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301232. [PMID: 37709487 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines offer the greatest advantage of enhancing antigen-specific immunity against tumors, particularly for immunogenic tumors, such as melanoma. However, clinical responses remain unsatisfactory, primarily due to inadequate T cell priming and the development of acquired immune tolerance. A major obstacle lies in the inefficient uptake of antigen by peripheral dendritic cells (DCs) and their migration to lymph nodes for antigen presentation. In this context, the magnetic delivery of antigen-loaded magnetic liposomes (Ag-MLs) to actively target lymph node, is proposed. These magnetic responsive liposomes contain soluble mouse melanoma lysate and iron oxide nanoparticles in the core, along with the immunostimulatory adjuvant CpG-1826 incorporated into the lipid bilayer. When applied through magnetic targeting in the mouse melanoma model, Ag-MLs accumulate significantly in the target lymph nodes. This accumulation results in increased population of active DCs in lymph nodes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) within tumors, correlating with effective tumor growth inhibition. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of magnetic targeting as an effective strategy for delivering cancer vaccines and activating the immune response, offering a novel platform for cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - He Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Linyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Foodborne Disease and Food Safety Risk Surveillance, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510440, P. R. China
| | - Guangxiang Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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3
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Souiade L, Domingo-Diez J, Alcaide C, Gámez B, Gámez L, Ramos M, Serrano Olmedo JJ. Improving the Efficacy of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Hyperthermia Using Trapezoidal Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields as an In Vitro Anticancer Treatment in Melanoma and Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15933. [PMID: 37958913 PMCID: PMC10648011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is an oncological therapy that uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to generate localized heat under a low-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF). Recently, trapezoidal pulsed alternating magnetic fields (TPAMFs) have proven their efficacy in enhancing the efficiency of heating in MHT as compared to the sinusoidal one. Our study aims to compare the TPAMF waveform's killing effect against the sinusoidal waveform in B16F10 and CT2A cell lines to determine more efficient waveforms in causing cell death. For that purpose, we used MNPs and different AMF waveforms: trapezoidal (TP), almost-square (TS), triangular (TR), and sinusoidal signal (SN). MNPs at 1 and 4 mg/mL did not affect cell viability during treatment. The exposition of B16F10 and CT2A cells to only AMF showed nonsignificant mortality. Hence, the synergetic effect of the AMF and MNPs causes the observed cell death. Among the explored cases, the nonharmonic signals demonstrated better efficacy than the SN one as an MHT treatment. This study has revealed that the application of TP, TS, or TR waveforms is more efficient and has considerable capability to increase cancer cell death compared to the traditional sinusoidal treatment. Overall, we can conclude that the application of nonharmonic signals enhances MHT treatment efficiency against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Souiade
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Javier Domingo-Diez
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Cesar Alcaide
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Berta Gámez
- Escula Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (B.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Linarejos Gámez
- Escula Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (B.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Milagros Ramos
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Javier Serrano Olmedo
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.); (J.D.-D.); (C.A.); (M.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Pfister F, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Buchele V, Unterweger H, Carnell LR, Schreier P, Stein R, Kubánková M, Guck J, Hackstein H, Alexiou C, Janko C. Human T cells loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles retain antigen-specific TCR functionality. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223695. [PMID: 37662937 PMCID: PMC10470061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy of cancer is an emerging field with the potential to improve long-term survival. Thus far, adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells represents an effective treatment option for tumors of the hematological system such as lymphoma, leukemia or myeloma. However, in solid tumors, treatment efficacy is low owing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment, on-target/off-tumor toxicity, limited extravasation out of the blood vessel, or ineffective trafficking of T cells into the tumor region. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can make cells magnetically controllable for the site-specific enrichment. Methods In this study, we investigated the influence of SPION-loading on primary human T cells for the magnetically targeted adoptive T cell therapy. For this, we analyzed cellular mechanics and the T cell response after stimulation via an exogenous T cell receptor (TCR) specific for the melanoma antigen MelanA or the endogenous TCR specific for the cytomegalovirus antigen pp65 and compared them to T cells that had not received SPIONs. Results SPION-loading of human T cells showed no influence on cellular mechanics, therefore retaining their ability to deform to external pressure. Additionally, SPION-loading did not impair the T cell proliferation, expression of activation markers, cytokine secretion, and tumor cell killing after antigen-specific activation mediated by the TCR. Conclusion In summary, we demonstrated that SPION-loading of T cells did not affect cellular mechanics or the functionality of the endogenous or an exogenous TCR, which allows future approaches using SPIONs for the magnetically enrichment of T cells in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pfister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Buchele
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucas R. Carnell
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Organic Chemisty Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrick Schreier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences and Health, Hochschule Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Rene Stein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markéta Kubánková
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Fernández-Gómez P, Pérez de la Lastra Aranda C, Tosat-Bitrián C, Bueso de Barrio JA, Thompson S, Sot B, Salas G, Somoza Á, Espinosa A, Castellanos M, Palomo V. Nanomedical research and development in Spain: improving the treatment of diseases from the nanoscale. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1191327. [PMID: 37545884 PMCID: PMC10401050 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1191327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The new and unique possibilities that nanomaterials offer have greatly impacted biomedicine, from the treatment and diagnosis of diseases, to the specific and optimized delivery of therapeutic agents. Technological advances in the synthesis, characterization, standardization, and therapeutic performance of nanoparticles have enabled the approval of several nanomedicines and novel applications. Discoveries continue to rise exponentially in all disease areas, from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. In Spain, there is a substantial net of researchers involved in the development of nanodiagnostics and nanomedicines. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of nanotechnology, focusing on nanoparticles, for the treatment of diseases in Spain (2017-2022), and give a perspective on the future trends and direction that nanomedicine research is taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernández-Gómez
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez de la Lastra Aranda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Tosat-Bitrián
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sebastián Thompson
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Sot
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJ UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorka Salas
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Castellanos
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valle Palomo
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Perez-Potti A, Rodríguez-Pérez M, Polo E, Pelaz B, Del Pino P. Nanoparticle-based immunotherapeutics: from the properties of nanocores to the differential effects of administration routes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114829. [PMID: 37121275 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The engagement with the immune system is one of the main cornerstones in the development of nanotechnologies for therapy and diagnostics. Recent advances have made possible the tuning of features like size, shape and biomolecular modifications that influence such interactions, however, the capabilities for immune modulation of nanoparticles are still not well defined and exploited. This review focuses on recent advances made in preclinical research for the application of nanoparticles to modulate immune responses, and the main features making them relevant for such applications. We review and discuss newest evidence in the field, which include in vivo experiments with an extensive physicochemical characterization as well as detailed study of the induced immune response. We emphasize the need of incorporating knowledge about immune response development and regulation in the design and application of nanoparticles, including the effect by parameters such as the administration route and the differential interactions with immune subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Perez-Potti
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ester Polo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Pablo Del Pino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Peng T, Xu T, Liu X. Research progress of the engagement of inorganic nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1914-1932. [PMID: 35748543 PMCID: PMC9246104 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has attracted widespread attention from scientists for its high morbidity and mortality, posing great threats to people’s health. Cancer immunotherapy with high specificity, low toxicity as well as triggering systemic anti-tumor response has gradually become common in clinical cancer treatment. However, due to the insufficient immunogenicity of tumor antigens peptides, weak ability to precisely target tumor sites, and the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, the efficacy of immunotherapy is often limited. In recent years, the emergence of inorganic nanomaterials makes it possible for overcoming the limitations mentioned above. With self-adjuvant properties, high targeting ability, and good biocompatibility, the inorganic nanomaterials have been integrated with cancer immunotherapy and significantly improved the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Peng
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Pudong New Area, China
| | - Tianzhao Xu
- Shanghai Qiansu Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Pudong New Area, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Sun X, Li T, Wang P, Shang L, Niu M, Meng X, Shao H. Nanomaterials and Advances in Tumor Immune-Related Therapy: A Bibliometric Analysis. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid growth of the research content of nanomaterials and tumor immunity, the hot spots and urgent problems in the field become blurred. In this review, noticing the great development potential of this research field, we collected and sorted out the research articles from The
Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database in the field over the past 20 years. Next, we use Excel 2019 from Microsoft (Microsoft Corp, Redmond,WA, USA), VOSviewer (version 1.6.18, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands), CiteSpace (Chaomei Chen, Drexel University, USA)
and other softwares to conduct bibliometric analysis on the screened literatures. This paper not only analyzes the countries, institutions and authors with outstanding contributions in the current research field, but also comes up with the hot spots of current research. We hope that by analyzing
and sorting out the past data, we can provide help for the current clinical work and future scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Liqi Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haibo Shao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
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9
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Garello F, Svenskaya Y, Parakhonskiy B, Filippi M. Micro/Nanosystems for Magnetic Targeted Delivery of Bioagents. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061132. [PMID: 35745705 PMCID: PMC9230665 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals is promising for efficient disease treatment and reduction in adverse effects. Nano or microstructured magnetic materials with strong magnetic momentum can be noninvasively controlled via magnetic forces within living beings. These magnetic carriers open perspectives in controlling the delivery of different types of bioagents in humans, including small molecules, nucleic acids, and cells. In the present review, we describe different types of magnetic carriers that can serve as drug delivery platforms, and we show different ways to apply them to magnetic targeted delivery of bioagents. We discuss the magnetic guidance of nano/microsystems or labeled cells upon injection into the systemic circulation or in the tissue; we then highlight emergent applications in tissue engineering, and finally, we show how magnetic targeting can integrate with imaging technologies that serve to assist drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Garello
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Yulia Svenskaya
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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10
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Vaněk O, Kalousková B, Abreu C, Nejadebrahim S, Skořepa O. Natural killer cell-based strategies for immunotherapy of cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 129:91-133. [PMID: 35305726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a family of lymphocytes with a natural ability to kill infected, harmed, or malignantly transformed cells. As these cells are part of the innate immunity, the cytotoxic mechanisms are activated upon recognizing specific patterns without prior antigen sensitization. This recognition is crucial for NK cell function in the maintenance of homeostasis and immunosurveillance. NK cells not only act directly toward malignant cells but also participate in the complex immune response by producing cytokines or cross-talk with other immune cells. Cancer may be seen as a break of all immune defenses when malignant cells escape the immunity and invade surrounding tissues creating a microenvironment supporting tumor progression. This process may be reverted by intervening immune response with immunotherapy, which may restore immune recognition. NK cells are important effector cells for immunotherapy. They may be used for adoptive cell transfer, genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors, or triggered with appropriate antibodies and other antibody-fragment-based recombinant therapeutic proteins tailored specifically for NK cell engagement. NK cell receptors, responsible for target recognition and activation of cytotoxic response, could also be targeted in immunotherapy, for example, by various bi-, tri-, or multi-specific fusion proteins designed to bridge the gap between tumor markers present on target cells and activation receptors expressed on NK cells. However, this kind of immunoactive therapeutics may be developed only with a deep functional and structural knowledge of NK cell receptor: ligand interactions. This review describes the recent developments in the fascinating protein-engineering field of NK cell immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Kalousková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Celeste Abreu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shiva Nejadebrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Skořepa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Körnig C, Staufer T, Schmutzler O, Bedke T, Machicote A, Liu B, Liu Y, Gargioni E, Feliu N, Parak WJ, Huber S, Grüner F. In-situ x-ray fluorescence imaging of the endogenous iodine distribution in murine thyroids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2903. [PMID: 35190621 PMCID: PMC8861059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) is a non-invasive detection method of small quantities of elements, which can be excited to emit fluorescence x-ray photons upon irradiation with an incident x-ray beam. In particular, it can be used to measure nanoparticle uptake in cells and tissue, thus making it a versatile medical imaging modality. However, due to substantially increased multiple Compton scattering background in the measured x-ray spectra, its sensitivity severely decreases for thicker objects, so far limiting its applicability for tracking very small quantities under in-vivo conditions. Reducing the detection limit would enable the ability to track labeled cells, promising new insights into immune response and pharmacokinetics. We present a synchrotron-based approach for reducing the minimal detectable marker concentration by demonstrating the feasibility of XFI for measuring the yet inaccessible distribution of the endogenous iodine in murine thyroids under in-vivo conform conditions. This result can be used as a reference case for the design of future preclinical XFI applications as mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körnig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Staufer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Bedke
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andres Machicote
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beibei Liu
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Gargioni
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neus Feliu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology (CAN), Grindelallee 117, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grüner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Ferreras C, Fernández L, Clares-Villa L, Ibáñez-Navarro M, Martín-Cortázar C, Esteban-Rodríguez I, Saceda J, Pérez-Martínez A. Facing CAR T Cell Challenges on the Deadliest Paediatric Brain Tumours. Cells 2021; 10:2940. [PMID: 34831165 PMCID: PMC8616287 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumours comprise 25% of the paediatric cancer diagnoses and are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Current treatments for paediatric CNS tumours are far from optimal and fail for those that relapsed or are refractory to treatment. Besides, long-term sequelae in the developing brain make it mandatory to find new innovative approaches. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy has increased survival in patients with B-cell malignancies, but the intrinsic biological characteristics of CNS tumours hamper their success. The location, heterogeneous antigen expression, limited infiltration of T cells into the tumour, the selective trafficking provided by the blood-brain barrier, and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment have emerged as the main hurdles that need to be overcome for the success of CAR T cell therapy. In this review, we will focus mainly on the characteristics of the deadliest high-grade CNS paediatric tumours (medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade gliomas) and the potential of CAR T cell therapy to increase survival and patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferreras
- Translational Research in Paediatric Oncology, Haematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (L.C.-V.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Lucía Fernández
- Haematological Malignancies H12O, Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.F.); (M.I.-N.)
| | - Laura Clares-Villa
- Translational Research in Paediatric Oncology, Haematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (L.C.-V.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Marta Ibáñez-Navarro
- Haematological Malignancies H12O, Clinical Research Department, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.F.); (M.I.-N.)
| | - Carla Martín-Cortázar
- Translational Research in Paediatric Oncology, Haematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (L.C.-V.); (C.M.-C.)
| | | | - Javier Saceda
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Translational Research in Paediatric Oncology, Haematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, IdiPAZ, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (L.C.-V.); (C.M.-C.)
- Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Go G, Yoo A, Kim S, Seon JK, Kim C, Park J, Choi E. Magnetization-Switchable Implant System to Target Delivery of Stem Cell-Loaded Bioactive Polymeric Microcarriers. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100068. [PMID: 34369079 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Various magnetic microcarrier systems capable of transporting cells to target lesions are developed for therapeutic agent-based tissue regeneration. However, the need for bioactive molecules and cells, the potential toxicity of the microcarrier, and the large volume and limited workspace of the magnetic targeting device remain challenging issues associated with microcarrier systems. Here, a multifunctional magnetic implant system is presented for targeted delivery, secure fixation, and induced differentiation of stem cells. This magnetic implant system consists of a biomaterial-based microcarrier containing bioactive molecules, a portable magnet array device, and a biocompatible paramagnetic implant. Among biomedical applications, the magnetic implant system is developed for knee cartilage repair. The various functions of these components are verified through in vitro, phantom, and ex vivo tests. As a result, a single microcarrier can load ≈1.52 ng of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) and 3.3 × 103 of stem cells and stimulate chondrogenic differentiation without extra bioactive molecule administration. Additionally, the implant system demonstrates high targeting efficiency (over 90%) of the microcarriers in a knee phantom and ex vivo pig knee joint. The results show that this implant system, which overcomes the limitations of the existing magnetic targeting system, represents an important advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangjun Go
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Ami Yoo
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
| | - Seokjae Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Jong Keun Seon
- Center for Joint Disease Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital 160 Ilsim‐ri, Hwasun‐eup Hwasun 58128 Korea
| | - Chang‐Sei Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Jong‐Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics (KIMIRo) 43‐26 Cheomdangwagi‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61011 Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong‐ro, Buk‐gu Gwangju 61186 Korea
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14
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Glycolysis-related gene expression profiling serves as a novel prognosis risk predictor for human hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18875. [PMID: 34556750 PMCID: PMC8460833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pattern reconstruction is an important factor in tumor progression. Metabolism of tumor cells is characterized by abnormal increase in anaerobic glycolysis, regardless of high oxygen concentration, resulting in a significant accumulation of energy from glucose sources. These changes promotes rapid cell proliferation and tumor growth, which is further referenced a process known as the Warburg effect. The current study reconstructed the metabolic pattern in progression of cancer to identify genetic changes specific in cancer cells. A total of 12 common types of solid tumors were included in the current study. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to analyze 9 glycolysis-related gene sets, which are implicated in the glycolysis process. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent prognostic variables for construction of a nomogram based on clinicopathological characteristics and a glycolysis-related gene prognostic index (GRGPI). The prognostic model based on glycolysis genes showed high area under the curve (AUC) in LIHC (Liver hepatocellular carcinoma). The findings of the current study showed that 8 genes (AURKA, CDK1, CENPA, DEPDC1, HMMR, KIF20A, PFKFB4, STMN1) were correlated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Further analysis showed that the prediction model accurately distinguished between high- and low-risk cancer patients among patients in different clusters in LIHC. A nomogram with a well-fitted calibration curve based on gene expression profiles and clinical characteristics showed good discrimination based on internal and external cohorts. These findings indicate that changes in expression level of metabolic genes implicated in glycolysis can contribute to reconstruction of tumor-related microenvironment.
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15
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Arjona MI, González-Manchón C, Durán S, Duch M, Del Real RP, Kadambi A, Agusil JP, Redondo-Horcajo M, Pérez-García L, Gómez E, Suárez T, Plaza JA. Integrating magnetic capabilities to intracellular chips for cell trapping. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18495. [PMID: 34531498 PMCID: PMC8446022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Current microtechnologies have shown plenty of room inside a living cell for silicon chips. Microchips as barcodes, biochemical sensors, mechanical sensors and even electrical devices have been internalized into living cells without interfering their cell viability. However, these technologies lack from the ability to trap and preconcentrate cells in a specific region, which are prerequisites for cell separation, purification and posterior studies with enhanced sensitivity. Magnetic manipulation of microobjects, which allows a non-contacting method, has become an attractive and promising technique at small scales. Here, we show intracellular Ni-based chips with magnetic capabilities to allow cell enrichment. As a proof of concept of the potential to integrate multiple functionalities on a single device of this technique, we combine coding and magnetic manipulation capabilities in a single device. Devices were found to be internalized by HeLa cells without interfering in their viability. We demonstrated the tagging of a subpopulation of cells and their subsequent magnetic trapping with internalized barcodes subjected to a force up to 2.57 pN (for magnet-cells distance of 4.9 mm). The work opens the venue for future intracellular chips that integrate multiple functionalities with the magnetic manipulation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Arjona
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Sara Durán
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Duch
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael P Del Real
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM (CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abhinav Kadambi
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Agusil
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Gómez
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Suárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB (CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Plaza
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Esfera UAB, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Boosz P, Pfister F, Stein R, Friedrich B, Fester L, Band J, Mühlberger M, Schreiber E, Lyer S, Dudziak D, Alexiou C, Janko C. Citrate-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enable a Stable Non-Spilling Loading of T Cells and Their Magnetic Accumulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4143. [PMID: 34439296 PMCID: PMC8394404 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell infiltration into a tumor is associated with a good clinical prognosis of the patient and adoptive T cell therapy can increase anti-tumor immune responses. However, immune cells are often excluded from tumor infiltration and can lack activation due to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. To make T cells controllable by external forces, we loaded primary human CD3+ T cells with citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Since the efficacy of magnetic targeting depends on the amount of SPION loading, we investigated how experimental conditions influence nanoparticle uptake and viability of cells. We found that loading in the presence of serum improved both the colloidal stability of SPIONs and viability of T cells, whereas stimulation with CD3/CD28/CD2 and IL-2 did not influence nanoparticle uptake. Furthermore, SPION loading did not impair cytokine secretion after polyclonal stimulation. We finally achieved 1.4 pg iron loading per cell, which was both located intracellularly in vesicles and bound to the plasma membrane. Importantly, nanoparticles did not spill over to non-loaded cells. Since SPION-loading enabled efficient magnetic accumulation of T cells in vitro under dynamic conditions, we conclude that this might be a good starting point for the investigation of in vivo delivery of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Boosz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Pfister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Rene Stein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Bernhard Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Lars Fester
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Julia Band
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Marina Mühlberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Eveline Schreiber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.B.); (F.P.); (R.S.); (B.F.); (J.B.); (M.M.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (C.A.)
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17
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Persano S, Das P, Pellegrino T. Magnetic Nanostructures as Emerging Therapeutic Tools to Boost Anti-Tumour Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2735. [PMID: 34073106 PMCID: PMC8198238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has shown remarkable results in various cancer types through a range of immunotherapeutic approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T) therapy, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and therapeutic vaccines. Despite the enormous potential of cancer immunotherapy, its application in various clinical settings has been limited by immune evasion and immune suppressive mechanisms occurring locally or systemically, low durable response rates, and severe side effects. In the last decades, the rapid advancement of nanotechnology has been aiming at the development of novel synthetic nanocarriers enabling precise and enhanced delivery of immunotherapeutics, while improving drug stability and effectiveness. Magnetic nanostructured formulations are particularly intriguing because of their easy surface functionalization, low cost, and robust manufacturing procedures, together with their suitability for the implementation of magnetically-guided and heat-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss the unique features of magnetic-based nanostructures, which can be opportunely designed to potentiate classic immunotherapies, such as therapeutic vaccines, ICB, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and in situ vaccination. Finally, we focus on how multifunctional magnetic delivery systems can facilitate the anti-tumour therapies relying on multiple immunotherapies and/or other therapeutic modalities. Combinatorial magnetic-based therapies are indeed offering the possibility to overcome current challenges in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Persano
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | | | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
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18
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Zheng C, Zhang J, Chan HF, Hu H, Lv S, Na N, Tao Y, Li M. Engineering Nano-Therapeutics to Boost Adoptive Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001191. [PMID: 34928094 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although adoptive transfer of therapeutic cells to cancer patients is demonstrated with great success and fortunately approved for the treatment of leukemia and B-cell lymphoma, potential issues, including the unclear mechanism, complicated procedures, unfavorable therapeutic efficacy for solid tumors, and side effects, still hinder its extensive applications. The explosion of nanotechnology recently has led to advanced development of novel strategies to address these challenges, facilitating the design of nano-therapeutics to improve adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for cancer treatment. In this review, the emerging nano-enabled approaches, that design multiscale artificial antigen-presenting cells for cell proliferation and stimulation in vitro, promote the transducing efficiency of tumor-targeting domains, engineer therapeutic cells for in vivo imaging, tumor infiltration, and in vivo functional sustainability, as well as generate tumoricidal T cells in vivo, are summarized. Meanwhile, the current challenges and future perspectives of the nanostrategy-based ACT for cancer treatment are also discussed in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiong Zheng
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Shixian Lv
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ning Na
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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19
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Jahromi LP, Shahbazi M, Maleki A, Azadi A, Santos HA. Chemically Engineered Immune Cell-Derived Microrobots and Biomimetic Nanoparticles: Emerging Biodiagnostic and Therapeutic Tools. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002499. [PMID: 33898169 PMCID: PMC8061401 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, considerable attention has been dedicated to the exploitation of diverse immune cells as therapeutic and/or diagnostic cell-based microrobots for hard-to-treat disorders. To date, a plethora of therapeutics based on alive immune cells, surface-engineered immune cells, immunocytes' cell membranes, leukocyte-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and artificial immune cells have been investigated and a few have been introduced into the market. These systems take advantage of the unique characteristics and functions of immune cells, including their presence in circulating blood and various tissues, complex crosstalk properties, high affinity to different self and foreign markers, unique potential of their on-demand navigation and activity, production of a variety of chemokines/cytokines, as well as being cytotoxic in particular conditions. Here, the latest progress in the development of engineered therapeutics and diagnostics inspired by immune cells to ameliorate cancer, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular complications, and infectious diseases is reviewed, and finally, the perspective for their clinical application is delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pourtalebi Jahromi
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
- Present address:
Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research SaarlandHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBiogenic Nanotherapeutics GroupCampus E8.1Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Mohammad‐Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC)Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139‐56184Iran
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC)Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139‐56184Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
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20
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Portilla Y, Mellid S, Paradela A, Ramos-Fernández A, Daviu N, Sanz-Ortega L, Pérez-Yagüe S, Morales MP, Barber DF. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Coatings Dictate Cell Outcomes Despite the Influence of Protein Coronas. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7924-7944. [PMID: 33587585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A critical issue in nanomedicine is to understand the complex dynamics that dictate the interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with their biological milieu. The most exposed part of a nanoparticle is its surface coating, which comes into contact with the biological medium and adsorbs proteins, forming what is known as a protein corona (PC). It is assumed that this PC mainly dictates the nanoparticle-cell interactions. As such, we set out to analyze how different coatings on iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) affect the composition of the PC that forms on top of them, and how these newly formed coronas influence the uptake of MNPs by macrophages and tumor cells, their subcellular location upon internalization, and their intracellular degradation. We found that different superficial charges of the coatings did not affect the PC composition, with an enrichment in proteins with affinity for divalent ions regardless of the type of coating. The iron oxide core of the MNP might become exposed to the biological medium, influencing the proteins that constitute the PCs. The presence of enzymes with hydrolase activity in the PC could explain the degradation of the coatings when they come into contact with the biological media. In terms of MNP internalization by cells, coatings mainly determine the endocytic pathways used, especially in terms of receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, the increase in hydrodynamic size provoked by the formation of the associated corona drives uptake mechanisms like macropinocytosis. Once inside the cells, the PC protected the NPs in their intracellular transit to lysosomes, where they were fully degraded. This understanding of how coatings and PCs influence different cellular processes will help design improved NPs for biomedical applications, taking into account the influence of the coating and corona on the biology of the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadileiny Portilla
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sara Mellid
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Proteomics Facility, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramos-Fernández
- Proteomics Facility, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Neus Daviu
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz-Ortega
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Yagüe
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María P Morales
- Department of Energy, Environment and Health, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and Nanobiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
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21
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Lin X, Wang X, Gu Q, Lei D, Liu X, Yao C. Emerging nanotechnological strategies to reshape tumor microenvironment for enhanced therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33601351 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe7b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy was emerged as a novel cancer treatment in the last decade, however, efficacious responses to mono-immunotherapy have only been achieved in a relatively small portion of patients whereas combinational immunotherapies often lead to concurrent side effects. It has been proved that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is responsible for tumor immune escape and the ultimate treatment failure. Recently, both the understanding of the TME and the applications of nanotechnological strategies have achieved remarkable progresses, and reviewing the emerging immune-regulatory nanosystems may provide valuable information for specifically modulating the TME at different immune stages. In this review, we focus on comprehending the recently proposed T-cell-based tumor classification and identifying the most promising targets for different tumor phenotypes, and then summarizing the nanotechnological strategies to best target corresponding immune-related factors. For future precise personalized immunotherapy, the tailor-made TME modulation strategies conducted by well-designed nanosystems to alleviate the suppressive TME and then promote anti-tumor immune responses will significantly benefit the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, NO. 28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, CHINA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, NO.15 Shangdian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, CHINA
| | - Qing Gu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, NO.28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Dongqin Lei
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, NO.312 Xihong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, CHINA
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, NO.28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, CHINA
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22
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Benard E, Casey NP, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. SJI 2020 special issue: A catalogue of Ovarian Cancer targets for CAR therapy. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12917. [PMID: 32557659 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer (OC) is currently difficult to cure, mainly due to its late detection and the advanced state of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, conventional treatments such as debulking surgery and combination chemotherapy are rarely able to control progression of the tumour, and relapses are frequent. Alternative therapies are currently being evaluated, including immunotherapy and advanced T cell-based therapy. In the present review, we will focus on a description of those Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) that have been validated in the laboratory or are being tested in the clinic. Numerous target antigens have been defined due to the identification of OC biomarkers, and many are being used as CAR targets. We provide an exhaustive list of these constructs and their current status. Despite being innovative and efficient, the OC-specific CARs face a barrier to their clinical efficacy: the tumour microenvironment (TME). Indeed, effector cells expressing CARs have been shown to be severely inhibited, rendering the CAR T cells useless once at the tumour site. Herein, we give a thorough description of the highly immunosuppressive OC TME and present recent studies and innovations that have enabled CAR T cells to counteract this negative environment and to destroy tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Benard
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas P Casey
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Sanz-Ortega L, Rojas JM, Barber DF. Improving Tumor Retention of Effector Cells in Adoptive Cell Transfer Therapies by Magnetic Targeting. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E812. [PMID: 32867162 PMCID: PMC7557387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer therapy is a promising anti-tumor immunotherapy in which effector immune cells are transferred to patients to treat tumors. However, one of its main limitations is the inefficient trafficking of inoculated effector cells to the tumor site and the small percentage of effector cells that remain activated when reaching the tumor. Multiple strategies have been attempted to improve the entry of effector cells into the tumor environment, often based on tumor types. It would be, however, interesting to develop a more general approach, to improve and facilitate the migration of specific activated effector lymphoid cells to any tumor type. We and others have recently demonstrated the potential for adoptive cell transfer therapy of the combined use of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded lymphoid effector cells together with the application of an external magnetic field to promote the accumulation and retention of lymphoid cells in specific body locations. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the recent findings in the field of magnetic accumulation and retention of effector cells in tumors after adoptive transfer, and to discuss the possibility of using this approach for tumor targeting with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanz-Ortega
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - José Manuel Rojas
- Animal Health Research Centre (CISA)-INIA, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28130 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Domingo F. Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Mühlberger M, Unterweger H, Band J, Lehmann C, Heger L, Dudziak D, Alexiou C, Lee G, Janko C. Loading of Primary Human T Lymphocytes with Citrate-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Does Not Impair Their Activation after Polyclonal Stimulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020342. [PMID: 32024193 PMCID: PMC7072432 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For the conversion of immunologically cold tumors, characterized by a low T cell infiltration, into hot tumors, it is necessary to enrich T cells in the tumor area. One possibility is the use of magnetic fields to direct T cells into the tumor. For this purpose, primary T cells that were freshly isolated from human whole blood were loaded with citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONCitrate). Cell toxicity and particle uptake were investigated by flow cytometry and atomic emission spectroscopy. The optimum loading of the T cells without any major effect on their viability was achieved with a particle concentration of 75 µg Fe/mL and a loading period of 24 h. The cellular content of SPIONCitrate was sufficient to attract these T cells with a magnet which was monitored by live-cell imaging. The functionality of the T cells was only slightly influenced by SPIONCitrate, as demonstrated by in vitro stimulation assays. The proliferation rate as well as the expression of co-stimulatory and inhibitory surface molecules (programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 3 (Tim-3), C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), CD25, CD45RO, CD69) was investigated and found to be unchanged. Our results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of loading primary human T lymphocytes with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles without influencing their viability and functionality while achieving sufficient magnetizability for magnetically controlled targeting. Thus, the results provide a strong fundament for the transfer to tumor models and ultimately for new immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mühlberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
| | - Julia Band
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-33142
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