1
|
Wehn AC, Krestel E, Harapan BN, Klymchenko A, Plesnila N, Khalin I. To see or not to see: In vivo nanocarrier detection methods in the brain and their challenges. J Control Release 2024; 371:216-236. [PMID: 38810705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have a great potential to significantly improve the delivery of therapeutics to the brain and may also be equipped with properties to investigate brain function. The brain, being a highly complex organ shielded by selective barriers, requires its own specialized detection system. However, a significant hurdle to achieve these goals is still the identification of individual nanoparticles within the brain with sufficient cellular, subcellular, and temporal resolution. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on detection systems for tracking nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier and within the brain. We discuss commonly employed in vivo and ex vivo nanoparticle identification and quantification methods, as well as various imaging modalities able to detect nanoparticles in the brain. Advantages and weaknesses of these modalities as well as the biological factors that must be considered when interpreting results obtained through nanotechnologies are summarized. Finally, we critically evaluate the prevailing limitations of existing technologies and explore potential solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Clarissa Wehn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich Medical Center, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Eva Krestel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany.
| | - Biyan Nathanael Harapan
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich Medical Center, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin - CS 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14 074 Bd Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aanniz T, El Omari N, Elouafy Y, Benali T, Zengin G, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Sakran AM, Bouyahya A. Innovative Encapsulation Strategies for Food, Industrial, and Pharmaceutical Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400116. [PMID: 38462536 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive metabolites obtained from fruits and vegetables as well as many drugs have various capacities to prevent or treat various ailments. Nevertheless, their efficiency, in vivo, encounter many challenges resulting in lower efficacy as well as different side effects when high doses are used resulting in many challenges for their application. Indeed, demand for effective treatments with no or less unfavorable side effects is rising. Delivering active molecules to a particular site of action within the human body is an example of targeted therapy which remains a challenging field. Developments of nanotechnology and polymer science have great promise for meeting the growing demands of efficient options. Encapsulation of active ingredients in nano-delivery systems has become as a vitally tool for protecting the integrity of critical biochemicals, improving their delivery, enabling their controlled release and maintaining their biological features. Here, we examine a wide range of nano-delivery techniques, such as niosomes, polymeric/solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nano-emulsions. The advantages of encapsulation in targeted, synergistic, and supportive therapies are emphasized, along with current progress in its application. Additionally, a revised collection of studies was given, focusing on improving the effectiveness of anticancer medications and addressing the problem of antimicrobial resistance. To sum up, this paper conducted a thorough analysis to determine the efficacy of encapsulation technology in the field of drug discovery and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Aanniz
- Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Bioinova Research Center, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10100, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10100, Morocco
| | - Youssef Elouafy
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat BP, 1014, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, 46030, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P. O. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Sakran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mougkogiannis P, Adamatzky A. On interaction of proteinoids with simulated neural networks. Biosystems 2024; 237:105175. [PMID: 38460836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Proteinoid-neuron networks combine biological neurons with spiking proteinoid microspheres, which are generated by thermal condensation of amino acids. Complex and dynamic spiking patterns in response to varied stimuli make these networks suitable for unconventional computing. This research examines the interaction of proteinoid-neuron networks with function-generator-artificial neural networks (ANN) that may create distinct electrical waveforms. Function-generator- artificial neural network (ANN) stimulates and modulates proteinoid-neuron network spiking activity and synchronisation to encode and decode information. We employ function-generator-ANN to study proteinoid-neuron network nonlinear dynamics and chaos and optimise their performance and energy efficiency. Function-generator-ANN improves proteinoid-neuron networks' computational capacities and robustness and creates unique hybrid systems with electrical devices. We address the benefits as well as the drawbacks of employing proteinoid-neuron networks for unconventional computing with function-generator-ANN.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mougkogiannis P, Phillips N, Adamatzky A. Transfer functions of proteinoid microspheres. Biosystems 2023; 227-228:104892. [PMID: 37076037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteinoids, or thermal proteins, are inorganic entities formed by heating amino acids to their melting point and commencing polymerisation to form polymeric chains. Typically, their diameters range from 1μm to 10μm. Some amino acids incorporated into proteinoid chains are more hydrophobic than others, leading proteinoids to cluster together when they are present in aqueous solutions at specific concentrations, allowing them to grow into microspheres. The peculiar structure of proteinoids composed of linked amino acids endows them with unique properties, including action-potential like spiking of electrical potential. These unique properties make ensembles of proteinoid microspheres a promising substrate for designing future artificial brains and unconventional computing devices. To evaluate a potential of proteinoid microspheres for unconventional electronic devices we measure and analyse the data-transfer capacities of proteinoid microspheres. In experimental laboratory conditions we demonstrate that the transfer function of proteinoids microspheres is a nontrivial phenomenon, which might be due to the wide range of proteinoid shapes, sizes, and structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Phillips
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Adamatzky
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leung KS, Shirazi S, Cooper LF, Ravindran S. Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182851. [PMID: 36139426 PMCID: PMC9497093 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will discuss the current status of extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds for therapeutic applications and the challenges associated with the development of these functionalized scaffolds. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures and are involved in many physiological processes. Naïve and engineered EVs have much therapeutic potential, but proper delivery systems are required to prevent non-specific and off-target effects. Targeted and site-specific delivery using polymeric scaffolds can address these limitations. EV delivery with scaffolds has shown improvements in tissue remodeling, wound healing, bone healing, immunomodulation, and vascular performance. Thus, EV delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds is becoming an increasingly popular approach to tissue engineering. Although there are many types of natural and synthetic biopolymers, the overarching goal for many tissue engineers is to utilize biopolymers to restore defects and function as well as support host regeneration. Functionalizing biopolymers by incorporating EVs works toward this goal. Throughout this review, we will characterize extracellular vesicles, examine various biopolymers as a vehicle for EV delivery for therapeutic purposes, potential mechanisms by which EVs exert their effects, EV delivery for tissue repair and immunomodulation, and the challenges associated with the use of EVs in scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasey S. Leung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lyndon F. Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akmal M, Wahyuningrum D, Ivansyah A. Theoretical Insight and Molecular Recognition of Oxatub[4]arene-based Organic Macrocycle as a Supramolecular Host for Antipsychotic Drug Risperidone. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
7
|
Lugasi L, Otis G, Oliel M, Margel S, Mastai Y. Chirality of proteinoid nanoparticles made of lysine and phenylalanine. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liroy Lugasi
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Gil Otis
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Matan Oliel
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Nanotechnology—Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alfei S, Brullo C, Caviglia D, Zuccari G. Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of Water-Soluble Pyrazole-Based Nanoparticles by Dendrimer Encapsulation of an Insoluble Bioactive Pyrazole Derivative. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2662. [PMID: 34685102 PMCID: PMC8537834 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
2-(4-Bromo-3,5-diphenyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethanol (BBB4) was synthetized and successfully evaluated concerning numerous biological activities, except for antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Due to the antimicrobial effects possessed by pyrazole nucleus, which have been widely reported, and the worldwide need for new antimicrobial agents, we thought it would be interesting to test BBB4 and to evaluate its possible antibacterial effects. Nevertheless, since it is water-insoluble, the future clinical application of BBB4 will remain utopic unless water-soluble BBB4 formulations are developed. To this end, before implementing biological evaluations, BBB4 was herein re-synthetized and characterized, and a new water-soluble BBB4-based nano-formulation was developed by its physical entrapment in a biodegradable non-cytotoxic cationic dendrimer (G4K), without recovering harmful solvents as DMSO or surfactants. The obtained BBB4 nanoparticles (BBB4-G4K NPs) showed good drug loading (DL%), satisfying encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and a biphasic quantitative release profile governed by first-order kinetics after 24 h. Additionally, BBB4-G4K was characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, NMR, SEM, dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), and potentiometric titration experiments. While, before the nanotechnological manipulation, BBB4 was completely water-insoluble, in the form of BBB4-G4K NPs, its water-solubility resulted in being 105-fold higher than that of the pristine form, thus establishing the feasibility of its clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.B.); (G.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|