GSK-3β suppression upregulates Gli1 to alleviate osteogenesis inhibition in titanium nanoparticle-induced osteolysis

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester ameliorates titanium particle-induced bone loss and inflammatory reaction in a mouse acute model

With the increasing clinical application of dental and orthopedic implants, the problem of peri-implant osteolysis has attracted attention. The inflammatory response and osteoclast differentiation induced by wear particles play an important role in peri-implant bone loss. However, the treatment of peri-implant osteolysis is still lacking. In the present study, we investigated the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on titanium particles induced bone loss in a mouse model. We found that CAPE significantly suppressed titanium particle-induced bone loss in vivo. CAPE treatment decreased ratio of nuclear factor kappa B receptor activator ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and subsequently reduced osteoclastogenesis in the mouse model. In addition, CAPE downregulated the expression and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated by titanium particles in vivo. In summary, we conclude that CAPE prevent the titanium particles-induced bone loss.

Role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in the regulation of ion channels: focus on its association with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is vital for cell differentiation and proliferation during embryonic development, yet its role in cardiac, cerebral, and vascular pathophysiology is under debate. Recent studies have demonstrated that several compounds of SHH signaling regulate ion channels, which in turn affect the behavior of target cells. Some of these ion channels are involved in the cardio-cerebrovascular system. Here, we first reviewed the SHH signaling cascades, then its interaction with ion channels, and their impact on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Considering the complex cross talk of SHH signaling with other pathways that also affect ion channels and their potential impact on the cardio-cerebrovascular system, we highlight the necessity of thoroughly studying the effect of SHH signaling on ion homeostasis, which could serve as a novel mechanism for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Activation of SHH signaling influence ion channels activity, which in turn influence ion homeostasis, membrane potential, and electrophysiology, could serve as a novel strategy for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.

Silk Fibroin and Sericin Differentially Potentiate the Paracrine and Regenerative Functions of Stem Cells Through Multiomics Analysis

Silk fibroin (SF) and sericin (SS), the two major proteins of silk, are attractive biomaterials with great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their biochemical interactions with stem cells remain unclear. In this study, multiomics are employed to obtain a global view of the cellular processes and pathways of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) triggered by SF and SS to discern cell-biomaterial interactions at an in-depth, high-throughput molecular level. Integrated RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis confirm that SF and SS initiate widespread but distinct cellular responses and potentiate the paracrine functions of MSCs that regulate extracellular matrix deposition, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation through differentially activating the integrin/PI3K/Akt and glycolysis signaling pathways. These paracrine signals of MSCs stimulated by SF and SS effectively improve skin regeneration by regulating the behavior of multiple resident cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages) in the skin wound microenvironment. Compared to SS, SF exhibits better immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, indicating its greater potential as a carrier material of MSCs for skin regeneration. This study provides comprehensive and reliable insights into the cellular interactions with SF and SS, enabling the future development of silk-based therapeutics for tissue engineering and stem cell therapy.

Multi-Modal Imaging Monitored M2 Macrophage Targeting Sono-Responsive Nanoparticles to Combat MRSA Deep Infections

Background

MRSA with high morbidity and mortality is prone to cause serious infection, SDT has become a new antibiotic-free modality for bacterial infection treatment. Switching from proinflammatory M1 macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages dominant could activate the immune system to generate an anti-infection immune response.

Methods

Herein, we developed M2 macrophages derived cell membranes coated PLGA nanoparticles with IR780 encapsulation (M2/IR780@PLGA) for antibacterial SDT and subsequent M2 macrophage polarization to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MRSA myositis. For in situ visualization of antibacterial SDT, both diagnostic high-frequency US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were introduced to monitor the sono-therapeutic progression of M2/IR780@PLGA nanoparticles in mice with bacterial myositis.

Results

Our developed M2/IR780@PLGA nanoparticles exhibited excellent antibacterial effects due to the IR780 under low-frequency US irradiation in vitro. In an MRSA-infected mice model, a great deal of M2/IR780@PLGA nanoparticles accumulated at the site of inflammation due to M2 macrophage coating. The infected legs in the M2/IR780@PLGA nanoparticles-based SDT group were significantly smaller, fewer blood flow signals, a slight muscular edema without obvious intermuscular abscesses under high-frequency US and MR images guidance. Histopathology proved the infected legs in the M2/IR780@PLGA nanoparticles-mediated SDT group had less clumped bacteria infiltration, more M2 macrophage expression and less M1 macrophage expression. The percentage of mature dendritic cells in spleens was much higher in the group of mice with M2/IR780@PLGA nanoparticles-based SDT.

Conclusion

This study provides a promising nanoparticles-based SDT anti-bacterial strategy, which could effectively enhance the antibacterial SDT and subsequent promote M2 macrophage polarization to boost the therapeutic efficacy of MRSA myositis.