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Chen T, Ren M, Li Y, Jing Z, Xu X, Liu F, Mo D, Zhang W, Zeng J, Zhang H, Ji P, Yang S. Preliminary study of the homeostatic regulation of osseointegration by nanotube topology. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101038. [PMID: 38638704 PMCID: PMC11025008 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The ideal implant surface plays a substantial role in maintaining bone homeostasis by simultaneously promoting osteoblast differentiation and limiting overactive osteoclast activity to a certain extent, which leads to satisfactory dynamic osseointegration. However, the rational search for implant materials with an ideal surface structure is challenging and a hot research topic in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, we constructed titanium dioxide titanium nanotubes (TNTs) by anodic oxidation and found that this structure significantly promoted osteoblast differentiation and inhibited osteoclast formation and function while simultaneously inhibiting the total protein levels of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Knockdown of the PYK2 gene by siRNA significantly suppressed the number and osteoclastic differentiation activity of mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMs), while overexpression of PYK2 inhibited osteogenesis and increased osteoclastic activity. Surprisingly, we found for the first time that neither knockdown nor overexpression of the FAK gene alone caused changes in osteogenesis or osteoclastic function. More importantly, compared with deletion or overexpression of PYK2/FAK alone, coexpression or cosilencing of the two kinases accelerated the effects of TNTs on osteoclastic and osteogenic differentiation on the surface of cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed a significant increase in positiveexpression-PYK2 cells on the surface of TNTs, but no significant change in positiveexpression -FAK cells was observed. In summary, PYK2 is a key effector molecule by which osteoblasts sense nanotopological mechanical signals and maintain bone homeostasis around implants. These results provide a referable molecular mechanism for the future development and design of homeostasis-based regulatory implant biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - MingXing Ren
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - YuZhou Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Zheng Jing
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - XinXin Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - FengYi Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - DingQiang Mo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - WenXue Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Jie Zeng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Ping Ji
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, PR China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, PR China
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Zhu S, Chen Y, Lu Z, Kong S, Zhang Y, Jia X, Xin H, Zhang X, Zhang W, Liu F, Kong L. Bacteroid cerium oxide particles promote macrophage polarization to achieve early vascularization and subsequent osseointegration around implants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149647. [PMID: 38350211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The establishment of an osseointegration is crucial for the long-term stability and functionality of implant materials, and early angiogenesis is the key to successful osseointegration. However, the bioinertness of titanium implants affects osseointegration, limiting their clinical application. In this study, inspired by the rapid polarization of macrophages following the phagocytosis of bacteria, we developed bacteroid cerium oxide particles; these particles were composed of CeO2 and had a size similar to that of Bacillus (0.5 μ m). These particles were constructed on the implant surfaces using a hydrothermal method. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the particles effectively decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in macrophages (RAW264.7). Furthermore, these particles exerted effects on M1 macrophage polarization, enhanced nitric oxide (NO) secretion to promote vascular regeneration, and facilitated rapid macrophage transition to the M2 phenotype. Subsequently, the particles facilitated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration. In vivo studies showed that these particles rapidly stimulated innate immune responses in animal models, leading to enhanced angiogenesis around the implant and improved osseointegration. In summary, the presence of bacteroid cerium oxide particles on the implant surface regulated and accelerated macrophage polarization, thereby enhancing angiogenesis during the immune response and improving peri-implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolingzhuo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - He Xin
- The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Deng Z, Yu L, Kuang Y, Zhou Z, Li X. Highly Ordered Nanotube-Like Microstructure on Titanium Dental Implant Surface Fabricated via Anodization Enhanced Cell Adhesion and Migration of Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2469-2485. [PMID: 38476279 PMCID: PMC10929655 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s448743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium (Ti) surface with nanotubes array via anodization has been used in dental implants to enhance bone regeneration but little research was carried out to evaluate whether the presence of highly ordered or disorderly distributed nanotubes array on titanium surface would have an effect on cell behaviors of gingival fibroblasts. Methods The present study fabricated nanotubes arrays with varied topography under different constant voltage of electrochemical anodization in fluorine-containing electrolyte. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) from extracted third molar were harvested and co-cultured with titanium disks with different nanotubes topography. Then cell behaviors of gingival fibroblasts including cell proliferation, adhesive morphology and cell migration were estimated to investigate the influence of titanium nanotubes on cell biology. Besides, gene and protein expression of adhesion molecule (integrin β1/β4/α6, fibronectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and collagen type I) were detected to evaluate the influence of different surfaces on cell adhesion. Results Highly ordered arrays of nanotubes with pore diameter of 60 nm and 100 nm were fabricated under 30 and 40 V of anodization (TNT-30 and TNT-40) while disorderedly distributed nanotube arrays formed on the titanium surface under 50 V of anodization (TNT-50). Our results demonstrated that compared with raw titanium surface and disorderly nanotubes, surface with orderly nanotubes array increased cell area and aspect ratio, as well as cell migration ability in the early phase of cell adhesion (p<0.05). Besides, compared with raw titanium surface, gene and protein expression of adhesion molecules were upregulated in nanotubes groups to different extents, no matter whether in an orderly or disorderly array. Conclusion Within the limitations of our study, we conclude that compared with raw titanium surface, the presence of nanotubes array on titanium surface could enhance cells adhesion and cell migration in the early phase. And compared with disorderly distributed nanotubes, highly ordered nanotubes array might provide a much more favorable surface for gingival fibroblasts to achieve a tight adhesion on the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lerong Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yishen Kuang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, 519000, People’s Republic of China
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Ali M, He Y, Chang ASN, Wu A, Liu J, Cao Y, Mohammad Y, Popat A, Walsh L, Ye Q, Xu C, Kumeria T. Osteoimmune-modulating and BMP-2-eluting anodised 3D printed titanium for accelerated bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:97-111. [PMID: 37842835 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of titanium (Ti) metal has potential to transform the field of personalised orthopaedics and dental implants. However, the impacts of controlled surface topographical features of 3D printed Ti implants on their interactions with the cellular microenvironment and incorporation of biological growth factors, which are critical in guiding the integration of implants with bone, are not well studied. In the present study, we explore the role of surface topological features of 3D printed Ti implants using an anodised titania nanotube (TiNT) surface layer in guiding their immune cell interaction and ability to deliver bioactive form of growth factors. TiNT layers with precisely controlled pore diameter (between 21and 130 nm) were anodically grown on 3D printed Ti surfaces to impart a nano-micro rough topology. Immune biomarker profiles at gene and protein levels show that anodised 3D Ti surfaces with smaller pores resulted in classical activation of macrophages (M1-like), while larger pores (i.e., >100 nm) promoted alternate activation of macrophages (M2-like). The in vitro bone mineralisation studies using the conditioned media from the immunomodulatory studies elucidate a clear impact of pore diameter on bone mineralisation. The tubular structure of TiNTs was utilised as a container to incorporate recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the presence of various sugar and polymeric cryoprotectants. Sucrose offered the most sustainable release of preserved BMP-2 from TiNTs. Downstream effects of released BMP-2 on macrophages as well as bone mineralisation were assessed showing bioactivity retention of the released rhBMP-2. Overall, the TiNT surface topography in combination with controlled, sustained, and local release of bioactive growth factors can potentially enhance the osseointegration outcomes of custom 3D printed Ti implants in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Ali
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Anna Sze Ni Chang
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Alice Wu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Jingyu Liu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Yousuf Mohammad
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Laurie Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Gao H, Jiang N, Niu Q, Mei S, Haugen HJ, Ma Q. Biocompatible Nanostructured Silver-Incorporated Implant Surfaces Show Effective Antibacterial, Osteogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in vitro and in Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7359-7378. [PMID: 38090361 PMCID: PMC10711298 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s435415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely utilized in endosseous implants. However, their clinical efficacy is marred by complications arising from bacterial infections owing to their inadequate antibacterial properties. Consequently, enhancing the antibacterial attributes of implant surfaces stands as a pivotal objective in the realm of implantable materials research. Methods In this study, we employed sequential anodization and plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology to fabricate a silver-embedded sparsely titania nanotube array (SNT) on the near-β titanium alloy Ti-5Zr-3Sn-5Mo-15Nb (TLM) implants. The surface characteristics, antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and osteogenic activity of the silver-nanomodified SNT implant (SNT Ag) surface, alongside peri-implant inflammatory responses, were meticulously assessed through a combination of in vitro and in vivo analyses. Results Compared with polished TLM and SNT, the silver-embedded SNT (SNT Ag) surface retained the basic shape of nanotubes and stably released Ag+ at the ppm level for a long time, which demonstrated an effective inhibition and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) while maintaining ideal cytocompatibility. Additionally, the subtle modifications in nanotubular topography induced by silver implantation endowed SNT Ag with enhanced osteogenic activity and mitigated inflammatory capsulation in soft tissue peri-implants in a rat model. Conclusion Incorporating a silver-embedded SNT array onto the implant surface demonstrated robust antibacterial properties, impeccable cytocompatibility, exceptional osteogenic activity, and the potential to prevent inflammatory encapsulation around the implant site. The Silver-PIII modification strategy emerges as a highly promising approach for surface applications in endosseous implants and trans-gingival implant abutments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qiannan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Xingrui Dental Clinic, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
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