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Pugi D, Ferretti F, Galeazzi M, Gualtieri G, Lorenzi L, Pappalardo N, Macrì PG, Garosi G, Coluccia A, Pozza A. Health-Related Quality of Life in pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease: the role of Big-Five personality traits and illness denial. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:297. [PMID: 36496378 PMCID: PMC9737964 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is significantly affected, regardless of the stage of the disease, as regards the physical, psychological and social functioning dimension. Big-Five personality traits can affect patients' HRQoL and willingness to take treatment options. Illness denial consists of denial of negative emotions, resistance to change and conscious avoidance. Poorer HRQoL can predict a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality, and broadly a worse adjustment to the dialytic therapy. Thus, a clearer knowledge of the psychological variables associated with a worse HRQoL in the predialysis stage might improve the intervention planning. No study investigated illness denial and personality traits simultaneously. We investigated the role of illness denial and Big-Five personality traits in the domains of HRQoL in predialysis patients with CKD. METHODS One hundred adults (mean age: 75.87 years) with CKD participated. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short form, the Italian version of Ten Item Personality Inventory Revised, the Illness Denial Questionnaire, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form-Y were administered. RESULTS Illness denial was associated with increased HRQoL related to symptoms/problems, effect and burden of CKD and cognitive functions domains, and it was a predictor of higher HRQoL in the last three domains mentioned above. Extraversion was related to better work status and sexual function; agreeableness was linked to elevated cognitive function, quality of social interaction and sexual function; conscientiousness was related to better sexual function; neuroticism was linked to improved cognitive and sexual functions; in the end, openness to experience was related to fewer symptoms and problems. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study which simultaneously assessed Big-Five personality traits and illness denial in different domains of HRQoL of CKD patients. Personalised psychological interventions aimed at improving HRQoL in this population might focus on specific illness denial processes and personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pugi
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferretti
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Galeazzi
- grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, School of Specialization of Legal Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gualtieri
- grid.411477.00000 0004 1759 0844Santa Maria Alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lore Lorenzi
- grid.411477.00000 0004 1759 0844Santa Maria Alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Guido Garosi
- grid.411477.00000 0004 1759 0844UOC Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianti, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Coluccia
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Pozza
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy ,grid.411477.00000 0004 1759 0844Psychology Unit Santa Maria Alle Scotte University Hospital, Siena, Italy
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Neuroticism and Conscientiousness Moderate the Effect of Oral Medication Beliefs on Adherence of People with Mental Illness during the Pandemic. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101315. [PMID: 36291250 PMCID: PMC9599797 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. After the declaration of the pandemic status in several countries, the continuity of face-to-face visits in psychiatric facilities has been delayed or even interrupted to reduce viral spread. Little is known about the personality factors associated with medication beliefs and adherence amongst individuals with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. This brief report describes a preliminary naturalistic longitudinal study that explored whether the Big Five personality traits prospectively moderate the effects of medication beliefs on changes in adherence during the pandemic for a group of outpatients with psychosis or bipolar disorder. Methods. Thirteen outpatients undergoing routine face-to-face follow-up assessments during the pandemic were included (41 observations overall) and completed the Revised Italian Version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory, the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale—8-item and the Beck Depression Inventory—II. Results. Participants had stronger concerns about their psychiatric medications rather than beliefs about their necessity, and adherence to medications was generally low. Participants who had more necessity beliefs than concerns had better adherence to medications. People scoring higher in Conscientiousness and Neuroticism traits and more concerned about the medication side effects had poorer adherence. Conclusions. These preliminary data suggest the importance of a careful assessment of the adherence to medications amongst people with psychosis/bipolar disorder during the pandemic. Interventions aimed to improve adherence might focus on patients’ medication beliefs and their Conscientiousness and Neuroticism personality traits.
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Ferretti F, Gualtieri G, Bossini L, Olivola M, Del Matto L, Desantis S, Fagiolini A, Pozza A, Coluccia A. Convergence between clinician-rated and patient-reported PTSD symptoms in a specialized outpatient service: The moderator role of gender. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:761-769. [PMID: 32853435 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes different symptoms: re-experiencing, avoidance of reminders and numbing, and hyperarousal. Although questionnaires are widely used, clinician-administered interviews provide a more comprehensive exploration of symptoms. Few studies examined the convergence between clinician-rated and patient-reported general severity and symptoms, with mixed findings. We explored the association between clinician-rated and patient-reported general severity and symptoms and the moderator role of gender in PTSD patients referred to a specialized outpatient service. DESIGN AND METHODS The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale and Davidson Trauma Scale were administered to 56 patients. FINDINGS Patients classified by clinicians as with higher avoidance/numbing symptoms and women classified with higher hyperarousal symptoms reported higher general severity. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The assessment of the patients reporting high severity should focus on hyperarousal, particularly for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferretti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gualtieri
- Legal Medicine Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Bossini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Miriam Olivola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Del Matto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Serena Desantis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Coluccia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Conversano C, Orrù G, Pozza A, Miccoli M, Ciacchini R, Marchi L, Gemignani A. Is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Effective for People with Hypertension? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 30 Years of Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2882. [PMID: 33799828 PMCID: PMC8000213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is among the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which are considered high mortality risk medical conditions. To date, several studies have reported positive effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions on physical and psychological well-being in other medical conditions, but no meta-analysis on MBSR programs for hypertension has been conducted. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MBSR programs for hypertension. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of MBSR on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), anxiety, depression, and perceived stress in people with hypertension or pre-hypertension was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched in November 2020 to identify relevant studies. Results: Six studies were included. The comparison of MBSR versus control conditions on diastolic BP was associated with a statistically significant mean effect size favoring MBSR over control conditions (MD = -2.029; 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.676 to -0.383, p = 0.016, k = 6; 22 effect sizes overall), without evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 0.000%). The comparison of MBSR versus control conditions on systolic BP was associated with a mean effect size which was statistically significant only at a marginal level (MD = -3.894; 95% CI: -7.736-0.053, p = 0.047, k = 6; 22 effect sizes overall), without evidence of high heterogeneity (I2 = 20.772%). The higher the proportion of participants on antihypertensive medications was, the larger the effects of MBSR were on systolic BP (B = -0.750, z = -2.73, p = 0.003). Conclusions: MBSR seems to be a promising intervention, particularly effective on the reduction of diastolic BP. More well-conducted trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (O.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Graziella Orrù
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ciacchini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (O.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Laura Marchi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (O.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.C.); (O.G.); (R.C.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
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