Solitary pulmonary metastasis from prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation: a case report and review of relevant cases from the literature

Prostate Cancer Lung Metastasis: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Strategies

Prostate cancer lung metastasis represents a clinical conundrum due to its implications for advanced disease progression and the complexities it introduces in treatment planning. As the disease progresses to distant sites such as the lung, the clinical management becomes increasingly intricate, requiring tailored therapeutic strategies to address the unique characteristics of metastatic lesions. This review seeks to synthesize the current state of knowledge surrounding prostate cancer metastasis to the lung, shedding light on the diverse array of clinical presentations encountered, ranging from subtle radiological findings to overt symptomatic manifestations. By examining the diagnostic modalities utilized in identifying this metastasis, including advanced imaging techniques and histopathological analyses, this review aims to provide insights into the diagnostic landscape and the challenges associated with accurately characterizing lung metastatic lesions in prostate cancer patients. Moreover, this review delves into the nuances of therapeutic interventions employed in managing prostate cancer lung metastasis, encompassing systemic treatments such as hormonal therapies and chemotherapy, as well as metastasis-directed therapies including surgery and radiotherapy.

Metachronous Single Pulmonary Metastasis of Prostate Cancer: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer recurrence after definitive local therapy usually involves the bone and regional lymph nodes.

CASE REPORT

We present the case of a 72-year-old male patient with an isolated lung nodule, seven years after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, pT2bN0 and Gleason score 7(4+3), and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) levels within normal limits. The nodule was considered as a primary lung cancer and the patient was subjected to lobectomy. The immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor was PSA(+) and NKX3.1 (+), revealing that it was metastasis from prostatic cancer and that wedge resectomy was the proper procedure. Three years later the patient is disease-free, suggesting the importance of aggressive treatment of oligometastatic disease.

CONCLUSION

Metastasis to the lung is present in more than 40% of men with metastatic prostate cancer; however, lung metastases without any bone or lymph node involvement are extremely rare and only a handful of cases are reported in the literature. Surgical excision of the metastatic lung site is the most common therapeutic approach associated with a good prognosis.

RETRACTED: Neuroendocrine differentiation contributes to radioresistance development and metastatic potential increase in non-small cell lung cancer

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors and their institute. The BBA Editor-in-Chief has agreed to retract the paper. In this paper, there were two errors identified to the journal by the authors: The first error was in Western blot gel band images of Fig. 4A (p-MAPK, MAPK, p-Erk, and Stat3) and the 8 gel band images of Fig. 4G. The second error was in the cell culture images of Figures 3F, 3J, and 4E. The authors state that these errors were due to uploading mistakes in the preparation of the manuscript. The authors apologize for these errors and any inconvenience caused. The Editor-in-Chief initially agreed to retract the paper based on the identification of these two errors. Readers are able to see further discussion of the paper on the PubPeer site here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/569EB2CE7A7335D7F3F8F3FF310936

MicroRNA-410-5p as a potential serum biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains to be a diagnostic challenge due to its variable presentation and the lack of reliable diagnosis tool. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene in extensive range of pathophysiologic processes. Plasma miRNAs are ideal biomarkers in heart failure, diabetes and other disease. However, using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCa is still unknown.

Methods

149 PCa patients, 57 healthy controls, and 121 non-cancer patients (benign prostatic hyperplasia and other urinary diseases) were enrolled in this study. The reverse transcription of miRNA and SYBR-Green-based double standards curve miRNA quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) were used to evaluate the dysregulated miR-410-5p. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of miR-410-5p identified as the alternative biomarker.

Results

Circulating miRNA-410-5p (miR-410-5p) level was significantly higher in the PCa patients than in healthy controls or non-cancer patients. ROC curve analysis showed that plasma miR-410-5p was a specific diagnostic biomarker of PCa with an area under curve(AUC) of 0.8097 (95 % confidence interval, 0.7371–0.8823; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The serum miR-410-5p level is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of PCa.

[Sub-threshold prostate-specific antigen levels after resection of metachronous pulmonary metastases]

Radical prostatectomy is a curative therapy for prostate cancer with a lifetime follow-up because there is a high risk of recurrence, especially in the first years of follow-up. In our case disseminated metachronous pulmonary metastases were detected by imaging 4 years after prostatectomy because of elevated levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). After complete resection of the thoracic metastases the PSA levels have remained below the detection threshold with a recurrence-free survival of 24 months. This case demonstrates that the resection of pulmonary metastases may also be useful for specific individual patients with prostate cancer.