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Skotting MB, Poulsgaard L, Springborg JB, Sundbye F, Engelmann BE, Scheie D, Ciochon UM, Guldberg F, Fugleholm K. Clival chordomas and chondrosarcomas in Denmark-Outcomes in 33 patients following the national centralization of treatment in 2010. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:354. [PMID: 39207554 PMCID: PMC11362515 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This 13-year consecutive case series aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all patients operated for clival chordomas and clival chondrosarcomas in Denmark since the centralization of treatment in 2010, comparing outcomes to international series. METHODS This was a retrospective review of 33 patients with clival tumors, comprising 22 chordomas and 11 chondrosarcomas, who were treated at Copenhagen University Hospital between years 2010 and 2023. Data were collected from digital patient records and pathology reports. RESULTS The symptoms leading to diagnosis primarily included double vision, headaches, and dizziness. In general, patients were in good health, with a mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 1.6. The complication rate of the index surgery was 51.5%. Adjuvant radiotherapy was applied in 51.5% of the cases. In patients with clival chordomas, the mean age was 51.1 years, ranging from 16 to 83 years. At the time of diagnosis, the mean tumor volume was 20.9 cm3 and the five-year overall survival rates were 79.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62.4-100). In patients with chondrosarcomas, the mean age was 48.2 years, ranging from 15 to 76 years. At the time of diagnosis, the mean tumor volume was 22.3 cm3 and the five-year overall survival 90% (95% CI: 73.2-100). CONCLUSION The centralized treatment of clival tumors in Denmark demonstrates incidence, survival, and complication rates comparable to those found in other international series. Given the variations in treatment strategies, tumor localizations across series, and small sample sizes, the further analysis of larger compiled multicenter datasets for clival tumors could provide more solid evidence regarding the management of these rare tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Poulsgaard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Filippa Sundbye
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Bodil Elisabeth Engelmann
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Danish Particle Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Scheie
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Urszula Maria Ciochon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Guldberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kåre Fugleholm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Maugeri R, Bonosi L, Brunasso L, Costanzo R, Santi S, Signorelli F, Iacopino DG, Visocchi M. Not Every Size Fits All: Surgical Corridors for Clival and Cervical Chordomas-A Systematic Review of the Literature and Illustrative Cases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5052. [PMID: 39274265 PMCID: PMC11396282 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Clival chordomas represent a rare but clinically significant subset of skull base tumors, characterized by a locally aggressive nature and a location in proximity to vital neurovascular structures. Surgical resection, often combined with adjuvant therapies, remains the cornerstone of clival chordoma treatment, and various approaches and techniques have evolved to maximize tumor removal while preserving neurological function. Recent advancements in skull base surgery, imaging, and adjuvant therapies have improved outcomes by reducing morbidity and thus enhancing long-term survival. Methods and Results. We have conducted a systematic review on PubMed/Medline following PRISMA guidelines regarding indications, the extent of resection (EOR), and complication rates. Then, we present three illustrative cases from our personal experience, which started 25 years ago with CVJ instrumentation procedures and 15 years ago with anterior decompressive transmucosal procedures performed with the aid of an operative microscope, an endoscope, and neuroradiological monitoring. Conclusions. Traditionally, the transoral approach (TOA) is the most frequently used corridor for accessing the lower clivus and the anterior craniovertebral junction (CVJ), without the need to mobilize or retract neural structures; however, it is associated with a high rate of complications. The endonasal approach (EEA) provides access to the anterior CVJ as well as to the lower, middle, and superior clivus, decreasing airway and swallowing morbidity, preserving palatal function, decreasing postoperative pain, and reducing the incidence of tracheostomy. The submandibular retropharyngeal approach (SRA) allows unique access to certain cervical chordomas, which is better suited when the lesion is located below the clivus and in the midline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Maugeri
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lapo Bonosi
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lara Brunasso
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Costanzo
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Santi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Signorelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Post Graduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Visocchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Zhao L, Chang C, Zhuang Y, Wang B, Qin L, Zheng JJ, You YP, Liu N, Ji J, Zheng K. Primary Skull Base Chordomas: A Clinicopathological Analysis of 94 Patients. World Neurosurg 2023; 175:e841-e854. [PMID: 37068608 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prognostic factors in patients with primary skull base chordoma (PSBC) to guide future therapeutic advances. METHODS This retrospective cohort study of 94 PSBC patients was conducted in 2 institutions from January 2006 to December 2013. Independent predictors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were established with multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Age (P = 0.006), extent of resection (P = 0.037), and radiotherapy (RT) (P = 0.027) were established as independent predictors for PFS in PSBC patients. Similarly, age (P = 0.002), extent of resection (P = 0.048), and RT (P = 0.015) were established as independent predictors for overall survival. Meta-analysis manifested that lower MIB-1 correlated with longer PFS in skull base chordoma patients (P < 0.001). RT doubled the 5-year PFS rate from 28.6 ± 12.1% to 61.6 ± 10.7% (P = 0.031) and increased the 5-year overall survival rate from 54.5 ± 13.8% to 84.2 ± 8.4% (P = 0.020) in the subtotal resection/partial resection and MIB-1 labeling index (STR/PR+MIB-1 LI) <2% subgroup. In contrast, in the STR/PR+MIB-1 LI ≥2% subgroup, the survival benefit of RT remained uncertain. Further analysis revealed no survival difference between different RT modalities in STR/PR PSBC patients. CONCLUSIONS In PSBC patients, age, extent of resection, and adjuvant RT all are independent predictors for PFS. Lower MIB-1 LI is associated with longer PFS in PSBC patients. Adjuvant RT is necessary for PSBC patients who undergo STR/PR with MIB-1 LI <2%. Patients who undergo GTR or STR/PR with MIB-1 LI ≥2% seem nonresponsive to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lang Qin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Jun Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Ping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Artux, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Risk Factors of Parasellar Chondrosarcoma. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101353. [PMID: 36291287 PMCID: PMC9599124 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parasellar chondrosarcomas are extremely rare. This study describes the characteristics of parasellar chondrosarcoma and analyzes the risk factors and prognosis based on the resection degree. Methods: Fifteen patients with pathologically diagnosed parasellar chondrosarcoma were retrospectively analyzed for the clinical data, surgical methods, and prognosis to identify relationships between the surgical resection degree, tumor recurrence, and imaging characteristics. Results: Twelve patients had eye dysfunction and ptosis. Differentiation from other parasellar tumors by imaging is difficult. The preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score positively correlated with the tumor resection degree (p = 0.026) and negatively correlated with the maximum tumor diameter (p = 0.001). Tumor recurrence negatively correlated with the resection degree (p = 0.009). The postoperative KPS score positively correlated with the preoperative KPS score (p < 0.001) and tumor resection degree (p = 0.026), and negatively correlated with the maximum tumor diameter (p = 0.016) and age (p = 0.047). An improved KPS score positively correlated with the tumor resection degree (p = 0.039). Patients who underwent total resection of the chondrosarcoma had longer progression-free survival than those who underwent partial resection (p = 0.0322). Conclusion: Parasellar chondrosarcomas are difficult to resect completely. Preoperative KPS score is an important factor for the degree of resection. KPS score, age, maximum tumor diameter, and resection degree may be important prognostic factors.
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Pahwa B, Medani K, Lu VM, Elarjani T. Proton beam therapy for skull base chordomas: a systematic review of tumor control rates and survival rates. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3551-3563. [PMID: 36181614 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The management of base of skull (BS) chordomas is a neurosurgical conundrum owing to their close proximity to the critical neurovascular structures. Surgical resection is the gold standard treatment followed by adjuvant radiotherapy which includes photon therapy, proton beam therapy (PBT), gamma knife radiosurgery, etc. PBT has become an unparalleled therapeutic modality in the management of BS chordomas. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the outcomes in BS chordoma patients who received PBT as a primary or adjuvant therapy. PubMed and Cochrane databases were screened till May 2022. Following the PRISMA guidelines, studies were reviewed thoroughly, and the data of the included study was extracted. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS 9.4 with P value < .05 considered as significant. Sixteen studies with 752 patients were included. The majority of the patients were adults (> 18 years) with a male:female ratio of 1.2. The most common clinical features were cranial nerve (3rd, 6th, or 12th) palsy and hearing impairment. Ninety-five percent of the patients underwent surgical resection before PBT. The mean PBT dose received was 74.02 cGe (cobalt gray equivalent). Eighty percent of the patients showed a positive response to the therapy defined in terms of tumor regression. Five-year local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated as 76.6%, 79.6%, and 89%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed none of the factors had any significant association with 5-year LC. PBT is a growing therapeutic technique that has revolutionized the treatment of BS chordomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Pahwa
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Medani
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Victor M Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Turki Elarjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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