CircLRP6 contributes to prostate cancer growth and metastasis by binding to miR-330-5p to up-regulate NRBP1

The Circular RNA Circ_0085494 Regulates Prostate Cancer Progression Through NRBP1/miR-497-5p Axis

Aberrant expression of circular RNA (circRNA) is closely linked to the progression of various human cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). In this research, we aimed to investigate the biological role of and mechanisms of circ_0085494 in PCa. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to detect circ_0085494, miR-497-5p, and nuclear receptor binding protein 1 (NRBP1) mRNA expression in PCa tissues and cell lines. Subsequently, colony formation, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and transwell assays were performed to evaluate PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blot assay was applied for assessing the protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were implemented for verifying the association between miR-497-5p and circ_0085494 or NRBP1. The role of circ_0085494 in vivo was measured by establishing a mice xenograft model. Circ_0085494 was highly expressed in PCa tissues and cells, and its absence suppressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Circ_0085494 impacts NRBP1 content by adsorbing miR-497-5p. Meanwhile, the repression of circ_0085494 absence on tumor growth in vivo was validated. Our finding revealed that circ_0085494 downregulation might repress PCa tumor progression through in part regulating the miR-497-5p/NRBP1 pathway.

Malignant function of nuclear factor-kappaB axis in prostate cancer: Molecular interactions and regulation by non-coding RNAs

Prostate carcinoma is a malignant situation that arises from genomic alterations in the prostate, leading to changes in tumorigenesis. The NF-κB pathway modulates various biological mechanisms, including inflammation and immune responses. Dysregulation of NF-κB promotes carcinogenesis, including increased proliferation, invasion, and therapy resistance. As an incurable disease globally, prostate cancer is a significant health concern, and research into genetic mutations and NF-κB function has the efficacy to facilitate the introduction of novel therapies. NF-κB upregulation is observed during prostate cancer progression, resulting in increased cell cycle progression and proliferation rates. Additionally, NF-κB endorses resistance to cell death and enhances the capacity for metastasis, particularly bone metastasis. Overexpression of NF-κB triggers chemoresistance and radio-resistance, and inhibition of NF-κB by anti-tumor compounds can reduce cancer progression. Interestingly, non-coding RNA transcripts can regulate NF-κB level and its nuclear transfer, offering a potential avenue for modulating prostate cancer progression.

Collective analysis of the expression and prognosis for LEM-domain proteins in prostate cancer

BACKGROUND

Mammalian LEM-domain proteins (LEMs) are encoded by seven genes, including LAP2, EMD, LEMD1, LEMD2, LEMD3, ANKLE1, and ANKLE2. Though some LEMs were involved in various tumor progression, the expression and prognostic values of LEMs in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) have yet to be analyzed.

METHODS

Herein, we investigated the expression, survival data, and immune infiltration levels of LEMs in PRAD patients from ATCG, TIMER, LinkedOmics, and TISIDB databases. We also further validated the mRNA and protein expression levels of ANKLE1, EMD, and LEMD2 in human prostate tumor specimens by qPCR, WB, and IHC.

RESULTS

We found that all LEM expressions, except for that of LAP2, were markedly altered in PRAD compared to the normal samples. Among all LEMs, only the expressions of ANKLE1, EMD, and LEMD2 were correlated with advanced tumor stage and survival prognosis in PRAD. Consistent with the predicted computational results, the mRNA and protein expression levels of these genes were markedly increased in the PRAD group. We then found that ANKLE1, EMD, and LEMD2 expressions were markedly correlated with immune cell infiltration levels. High ANKLE1, EMD, and LEMD2 expressions predicted a worse prognosis in PRAD based on immune cells. DNA methylation or/and copy number variations may contribute to the abnormal upregulation of ANKLE1, EMD, and LEMD2 in PRAD.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, this study implied that ANKLE1, EMD, and LEMD2 were promising prognosis predictors and potential immunotherapy targets for PRAD patients.

Dysregulated expression and functions of microRNA-330 in cancers: A potential therapeutic target

As small non-coding RNAs, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of mRNA targets to control gene transcription and translation. The gene of miR-330 has two miRNA products, including miR-330-3p and miR-330-5p, which exhibit anti-tumorigenesis and/or pro-tumorigenesis effects in many kinds of malignancies. In cancers, miR-330-3p and miR-330-5p aberrant expression can influence many malignancy-related processes such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as angiogenesis and responsiveness to treatment. In many cancer types (such as lung, prostate, gastric, breast, bladder, ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer, and osteosarcoma), miR-330-5p acts as an anti-tumor agent. These cancers have low levels of miR-330-5p that leads to the upregulation of the tumor promotor target genes leading to tumor progression. Here, overexpression of miR-330-5p using miRNA inducers can prevent tumor development. Dual roles of miR-330-5p have been also indicated in the thyroid, liver and cervical cancers. Moreover, miR-330-3p exhibits pro-tumorigenesis effects in lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, osteosarcoma, bladder cancer, and cervical cancer. Here, downregulation of miR-330-3p using miRNA inhibitors can prevent tumor development. Demonstrated in breast and liver cancers, miR-330-3p also has dual roles. Importantly, the activities of miR-330-3p and/or miR-330-5p are regulated by upstream regulators long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including circular and linear lncRNAs. This review comprehensively explained miR-330-3p and miR-330-5p role in development of cancers, while highlighting their downstream target genes and upstream regulators as well as possible therapeutic strategies.

miR-499a inhibits the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer via targeting UBE2V2

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer is one of the malignant tumors of the urinary system and ranks second among the fatal cancers in men. And with age, the incidence of prostate cancer will increase linearly.

METHODS

In this study, we measured the expression of Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 V2 (UBE2V2) in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines by WB and explored the effect of UBE2V2 on the proliferation characteristics of prostate cancer by MTT and colony formation test.

RESULTS

In our research, we found that the UBE2V2 protein level in prostate cancer cell lines was significantly higher than the UBE2V2 protein level in normal prostate cells, and the mRNA expression level did not change significantly compared with normal prostate tissue cells. At the same time, we found that miR-499a combined with UBE2V2 inhibited the expression of UBE2V2 in prostate cancer cells.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, our results indicate that miR-499a inhibits the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells by targeting UBE2V2, which will provide a potential target for the treatment of prostate cancer.