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Babiker A, Al Noaim K, Al Swaid A, Alfadhel M, Deeb A, Martín-Rivada Á, Barrios V, Pérez-Jurado LA, Alfares A, Al Alwan I, Argente J. Short stature with low insulin-like growth factor 1 availability due to pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 deficiency in a Saudi family. Clin Genet 2021; 100:601-606. [PMID: 34272725 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In 2016 a new syndrome with postnatal short stature and low IGF1 bioavailability caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 (PAPP-A2) was described in two families. Here we report two siblings of a third family from Saudi Arabia with postnatal growth retardation and decreased IGF1 availability due to a new homozygous nonsense mutation (p.Glu886* in exon 7) in PAPPA2. The two affected males showed progressively severe short stature starting around 8 years of age, moderate microcephaly, decreased bone mineral density, and high circulating levels of total IGF1, IGFBP3, and the IGF acid-labile subunit (IGFALS), with decreased free IGF1 concentrations. Interestingly, circulating IGF2 and IGFBP5 were not increased. An increase in growth velocity and height was seen in the prepuberal patient in response to rhIGF1. These patients contribute to the confirmation of the clinical picture associated with PAPP-A2 deficiency and that the PAPPA2 gene should be studied in all patients with short stature with this characteristic phenotype. Hence, pediatric endocrinologists should measure circulating PAPP-A2 levels in the study of short stature as very low or undetectable levels of this protein can help to focus the diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Babiker
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al Noaim
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al Swaid
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Deeb
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi & Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Álvaro Martín-Rivada
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Service of Genetics, Hospital del Mar and Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ahmed Alfares
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Departement of Laboratory and Pathology Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Departement of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al Alwan
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA. Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSI, Madrid, Spain
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Nteeba J, Varberg KM, Scott RL, Simon ME, Iqbal K, Soares MJ. Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus alters placental structure, efficiency, and plasticity. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001243. [PMID: 32595139 PMCID: PMC7322553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hemochorial placenta provides a critical barrier at the maternal-fetal interface to modulate maternal immune tolerance and enable gas and nutrient exchange between mother and conceptus. Pregnancy outcomes are adversely affected by diabetes mellitus; however, the effects of poorly controlled diabetes on placental formation, and subsequently fetal development, are not fully understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Streptozotocin was used to induce hyperglycemia in pregnant rats for the purpose of investigating the impact of poorly controlled diabetes on placental formation and fetal development. The experimental paradigm of hypoxia exposure in the pregnant rat was also used to assess properties of placental plasticity. Euglycemic and hyperglycemic rats were exposed to ambient conditions (~21% oxygen) or hypoxia (10.5% oxygen) beginning on gestation day (gd) 6.5 and sacrificed on gd 13.5. To determine whether the interaction of hyperglycemia and hypoxia was directly altering trophoblast lineage development, rat trophoblast stem (TS) cells were cultured in high glucose (25 mM) and/or exposed to low oxygen (0.5% to 1.5%). RESULTS Diabetes caused placentomegaly and placental malformation, decreasing placental efficiency and fetal size. Elevated glucose disrupted rat TS cell differentiation in vitro. Evidence of altered trophoblast differentiation was also observed in vivo, as hyperglycemia affected the junctional zone transcriptome and interfered with intrauterine trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodeling. When exposed to hypoxia, hyperglycemic rats showed decreased proliferation and ectoplacental cone development on gd 9.5 and complete pregnancy loss by gd 13.5. Furthermore, elevated glucose concentrations inhibited TS cell responses to hypoxia in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results indicate that alterations in placental development, efficiency, and plasticity could contribute to the suboptimal fetal outcomes in offspring from pregnancies complicated by poorly controlled diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Nteeba
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaela M Varberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Regan L Scott
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mikaela E Simon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael J Soares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Christians JK, Lennie KI, Huicochea Munoz MF, Binning N. PAPP-A2 deficiency does not exacerbate the phenotype of a mouse model of intrauterine growth restriction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:58. [PMID: 29895300 PMCID: PMC5996520 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2) is consistently upregulated in the placentae of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. The causes and significance of this upregulation remain unknown, but it has been hypothesized that it is a compensatory response to improve placental growth and development. We predicted that, if the upregulation of PAPP-A2 in pregnancy complications reflects a compensatory response, then deletion of Pappa2 in mice would exacerbate the effects of a gene deletion previously reported to impair placental development: deficiency of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). METHODS We crossed mice carrying deletions in Pappa2 and Mmp9 to produce pregnancies deficient in one, both, or neither of these genes. We measured pregnancy rates, number of conceptuses, fetal and placental growth, and the histological structure of the placenta. RESULTS We found no evidence of reduced fertility, increased pregnancy loss, or increased fetal demise in Mmp9 -/- females. In pregnancies segregating for Mmp9, Mmp9 -/- fetuses were lighter than their siblings with a functional Mmp9 allele. However, deletion of Pappa2 did not exacerbate or reveal any effects of Mmp9 deficiency. We observed some effects of Pappa2 deletion on placental structure that were independent of Mmp9 deficiency, but no effects on fetal growth. At G16, male fetuses were heavier than female fetuses and had heavier placentae with larger junctional zones and smaller labyrinths. CONCLUSIONS Effects of Mmp9 deficiency were not exacerbated by the deletion of Pappa2. Our results do not provide evidence that upregulation of placental PAPP-A2 represents a mechanism to compensate for impaired fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K. Christians
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Kendra I. Lennie
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Maria F. Huicochea Munoz
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Nimrat Binning
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
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Mazerbourg S, Monget P. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins and IGFBP Proteases: A Dynamic System Regulating the Ovarian Folliculogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:134. [PMID: 29643837 PMCID: PMC5890141 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present article is to update our understanding of the expression of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), IGFBP proteases and their implication in the different processes of ovarian folliculogenesis in mammals. In the studied species, IGFs and several small-molecular weight IGFBPs (in particular IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4) are considered, respectively, as stimulators and inhibitors of follicular growth and maturation. IGFs play a key role in sensitizing ovarian granulosa cells to FSH action during terminal follicular growth. Concentrations of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 in follicular fluid strongly decrease during follicular growth, leading to an increase in IGF bioavailability. Inversely, atresia is characterized by an increase of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 levels, leading to a decrease in IGF bioavailability. Changes in intrafollicular IGFBPs content are due to variations in mRNA expression and/or proteolytic degradation by the pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), and likely participates in the selection of dominant follicles. The identification of PAPP-A2, as an IGFBP-3 and -5 protease, and stanniocalcins (STCs) as inhibitors of PAPP-A activity extends the IGF system. Studies on their implication in folliculogenesis in mammals are still in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mazerbourg
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: Sabine Mazerbourg, ; Philippe Monget,
| | - Philippe Monget
- INRA, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6078 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Sabine Mazerbourg, ; Philippe Monget,
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Long noncoding RNA expression profile changes associated with dietary energy in the sheep testis during sexual maturation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5180. [PMID: 28701734 PMCID: PMC5507887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis can be affected by nutrition, which operates through normal physiological processes by changing the testicular mass and hormone levels profoundly. However, little is known regarding how testis development is regulated by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). In this study, we investigated the effects of high-grain (HG) feeding on testis development during sexual maturation mediated by lncRNA. The HG diet group showed an increase in growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone (T) levels, and in the number of sperm in the seminiferous tubules compared with the hay-fed group (p
< 0.05). Moreover, we found 59 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 229 DE mRNAs in sheep testis between the two groups. qRT-PCR results of 20 randomly selected DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were also consistent with the RNA-seq data. Through functional enrichment analysis and lncRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis, we screened several lncRNAs that may be enriched for male reproduction such as spermatogenesis, sperm motility, steroid hormones, MAPK and ErbB signaling pathways. This study provides a first insight into the development of the testis with HG feeding in sheep and shows that these changes are associated with alterations in lncRNA expression.
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