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Nabi-Afjadi M, Ostadhadi S, Liaghat M, Pasupulla AP, Masoumi S, Aziziyan F, Zalpoor H, Abkhooie L, Tarhriz V. Revolutionizing type 1 diabetes management: Exploring oral insulin and adjunctive treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116808. [PMID: 38805967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Insulin pumps or injections are the standard treatment options for this condition. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the several type 1 diabetes treatment options, focusing on oral insulin. The article is divided into parts that include immune-focused treatments, antigen vaccination, cell-directed interventions, cytokine-directed interventions, and non-immunomodulatory adjuvant therapy. Under the section on non-immunomodulatory adjunctive treatment, the benefits and drawbacks of medications such as metformin, amylin, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 Ras), and verapamil are discussed. The article also discusses the advantages of oral insulin, including increased patient compliance and more dependable and regular blood sugar control. However, several variables, including the enzymatic and physical barriers of the digestive system, impair the administration of insulin via the mouth. Researchers have looked at a few ways to get over these challenges, such as changing the structure of the insulin molecule, improving absorption with the use of absorption enhancers or nanoparticles, and taking oral insulin together with other medications. Even with great advancements in the use of these treatment strategies, T1D still needs improvement in the therapeutic difficulties. Future studies in these areas should focus on creating tailored immunological treatments, looking into combination medications, and refining oral insulin formulations in an attempt to better control Type 1 Diabetes. The ultimate objective is to create accurate, customized strategies that will enhance glycemic management and the quality of life for individuals with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samane Ostadhadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ajay Prakash Pasupulla
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Medicine, Colllege of health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia
| | - Sajjad Masoumi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Abkhooie
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Ricken AM, Hamed MA, Akhigbe RE. Histopathological evaluation of infertility: Lessons from laboratory rodents. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:671-690. [PMID: 38088133 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Infertility is a growing challenge globally with emerging risk factors. There are effective laboratory tests to evaluate infertility in humans, nevertheless, some measures, especially histopathological evaluations, are invasive due to the pain inflicted when accessing the reproductive organs and obtaining samples; hence, their relevance may be limited in humans. However, these histopathological evaluations provide essential information on the etiopathogenesis of infertility and the likely mechanisms of action of potential therapeutic candidates. Also, non-invasive methods are available, such as the assay of testosterone in the blood and semen analysis, both of which are predictors of testicular functions. This review provides detailed information on the available histopathological investigations of infertility, such as qualitative and quantitative histopathological assessments of gonadal tissues, specific cell counts, and sperm morphology characterization, with a focus on the procedures, interpretation, and pathophysiological basis. Data from the literature revealed that histopathological examinations of the reproductive organs, as well as spermatozoa, are useful in understanding the pathogenesis of incident infertility. Histopathological evaluation may range from basic hematoxylin and eosin stains to some special stains. Also, histopathological findings (such as spermatogenic cells and planimetric variables, like seminiferous tubule diameter and theca cell and corpus luteum thickness) may be quantified and analyzed for comparison. Some skill is required for these investigations, which may be a limiting factor; however, they are important tools in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Markus Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moses Agbomhere Hamed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Liaghat M, Yaghoubzad-Maleki M, Nabi-Afjadi M, Fathi Z, Zalpoor H, Heidari N, Bahreini E. A Review of the Potential Role of CoQ10 in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:575-593. [PMID: 37632587 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The coenzyme ubiquinone-10 (CoQ10) is not only an important part of the electron transport chain of the mitochondrial inner membrane but also has complex biological functions beyond mitochondrial respiration. It is a natural nutrient that is not only produced by the body but is also found in foods, such as meat, eggs, fish, and vegetable oils. Because some types of cancer reduce CoQ10 blood levels, the use of CoQ10 supplements is recommended for the treatment of cancer patients. The anti-cancer effects of CoQ10 supplementation have been reported in several cancers, including colon and breast cancer. CoQ10 scavenges free radicals to reduce oxidative stress and minimize tissue damage. CoQ10 protects the body from damage caused by chemotherapy drugs by reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory factors. Recent studies suggest that CoQ10 may be a supplement to pharmacotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. This article examines the effects of CoQ10 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Liaghat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yaghoubzad-Maleki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Fathi
- Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran.
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Owembabazi E, Nkomozepi P, Mbajiorgu EF. Potential role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in testicular dysfunction following co-administration of alcohol and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in diabetic rats: an immunohistochemistry study. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:31-43. [PMID: 38223677 PMCID: PMC10787109 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, alcohol abuse, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) use have been reported to cause multi-organ complications via induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, these are the most common factors implicated in male reproductive dysfunctions. This study evaluated testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and germ cell proliferation in diabetic rats receiving alcohol or cART and their combination. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, each consisting of six rats; control, diabetic only (DM), diabetic treated with alcohol (DM + A), diabetic treated with cART (DM + cART), and diabetic treated with both alcohol and cART (DM + A + cART). After 90 days of treatment, the rats were terminated, and the testes were extracted and processed for immunohistochemistry analysis for oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and cell proliferation marker. In comparison to the control, oxidative stress markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) increased significantly in all treated groups. Expression of testicular proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α was upregulated in all treated groups, but interleukin-6 was upregulated in DM, DM + cART, and DM + A + cART treated groups and was downregulated in the DM + A treated group. All treated animal groups showed an upregulation of apoptotic marker (caspase 3) and a downregulation of proliferation marker (Ki-67). However, Ki-67 staining intensity significantly increased in treated animals compared to the control. These findings suggest that diabetes, alcohol abuse, cART use, and their combination via iNOS activity upregulation can induce inflammation and oxidative stress in testicular tissue, stimulating germ cell apoptosis and proliferation inhibition leading to failure of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Owembabazi
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
- Department of Human Anatomy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Pilani Nkomozepi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Ejikeme F. Mbajiorgu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
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Effectiveness of Hydroalcoholic Seed Extract of Securigera securidaca on Pancreatic Local Renin-Angiotensin System and Its Alternative Pathway in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Animal Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7285036. [PMID: 36647426 PMCID: PMC9840543 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7285036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Available data suggest inhibition of the pancreatic local-renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduces tissue complications of diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic seed extract of Securigera securidaca (S. securidaca) (HESS) on the pancreatic local-RAS and its alternative pathway. Methods Three doses of HESS were orally administered to three groups of diabetic male Wistar rats, and the results were compared with both diabetic and healthy control groups. After 35 days of treatment, the groups were assessed for the levels of pancreatic local-RAS components, including renin, angiotensinogen, ACE, and Ang II, as well as ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) in the alternative pathway. The effect of herbal medicine treatment on tissue damage status was investigated by evaluating tissue levels of oxidative stress, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and through histopathological examination of the pancreas. Results HESS showed a dose-dependent palliative effect on the tissue oxidative stress profile (P < 0.05) as well as the levels of pancreatic local-RAS components (P < 0.05), compared to diabetic control group. Considering the interrelationship between tissue oxidative stress and local-RAS activity, the moderating effect of HESS on this relationship could be attributed to the increase in total tissue antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pancreatic Ang-(1-7) concentration. Decrease in local-RAS activity was associated with decrease in the tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, and TNFα) (P < 0.05) and increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine of IL-10 (P < 0.05). In addition, histological results were consistent with tissue biochemical results. Conclusions Due to the reduction of local pancreatic RAS activity as well as oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines following treatment with HESS, S. securidaca seed can be proposed as a suitable herbal supplement in the drug-treatment of diabetes.
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Evaluation of Expression of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase and Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Apoptotic Markers in Testicular Tissue of Obese Rats (Pre)Treated with Garlic Powder. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:4858274. [PMID: 36644444 PMCID: PMC9833927 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4858274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, adolescent obesity is recognized as an epidemic and a cause of reproductive disorders. Decreased testosterone levels occur due to functional defects in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, excessive activity of cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme, and testicular dysfunction in these people. Oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis are also the main mechanisms of testicular damage during obesity. The use of herbal products such as garlic can improve this disorder due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pretreatment and treatment of garlic powder on the expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme and the expression of genes involved in testosterone synthesis, inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis in testicular tissue, and metabolic function of liver tissue in young male obese rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into the controlled and treated groups. Serum levels of lipid, glucose, and insulin as metabolic factors were measured along with the testicular antioxidant and inflammation markers. The expression of Bcl2, Bax, and caspase-3 along with NF-κB, SREBP-1c, CPT-1beta, Nrf-2, CD36, FAS, CYP19A1, P450scc, StAR, 17βHSD, PPARα, and aromatase (CYP19, P450arom) was also measured. Testicular histological evaluation and spermatogenic process was also performed. The results showed that oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic factors significantly increased in obese rats. The testicular expression of aromatase, NF-κB, Bax, and caspase 3 increased and Nrf2 expression decreased in obese rats, while (pre) treatment with garlic powder significantly decreased the expression of these genes in obese rats. These results were also confirmed by the findings of the histological evaluation and sperm analysis. It can be concluded that garlic powder could improve reproductive dysfunction in obese rats.
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Ghaffari M, Razi S, Zalpoor H, Nabi-Afjadi M, Mohebichamkhorami F, Zali H. Association of MicroRNA-146a with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes and their Related Complications. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:2587104. [PMID: 36911496 PMCID: PMC10005876 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2587104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most medical investigations have found a reduced blood level of miR-146a in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, suggesting an important role for miR-146a (microRNA-146a) in the etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its consequences. Furthermore, injection of miR-146a mimic has been confirmed to alleviate diabetes mellitus in diabetic animal models. In this line, deregulation of miR-146a expression has been linked to the progression of nephropathy, neuropathy, wound healing, olfactory dysfunction, cardiovascular disorders, and retinopathy in diabetic patients. In this review, besides a comprehensive review of the function of miR-146a in DM, we discussed new findings on type 1 (T1MD) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus, highlighting the discrepancies between clinical and preclinical investigations and elucidating the biological pathways regulated through miR-146a in DM-affected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ghaffari
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
| | - Sara Razi
- Vira Pioneers of Modern Science (VIPOMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehram, Iran
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Ezim OE, Abarikwu SO. Fluted pumpkin seeds protect the spermatogenesis score index and testicular histology of caffeine treated rats. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14578. [PMID: 36056790 DOI: 10.1111/and.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of fluted pumpkin seeds (FPS) against caffeine (CAFF) induced testicular toxicity in rats. Thirty young healthy male Wistar rats (196 ± 12 g) were randomly organized into five sets of six animals per each group: control, caffeine (CAFF; 50 mg kg-1 bw) and FPS co-treatment groups (CAFF + 50 mg FPS, CAFF + 100 mg FPS and CAFF + 200 mg FPS kg-1 bw). CAFF and FPS were administered daily and twice per week respectively by oral gavage for 40 days. CAFF treatment decreased testicular lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity level, which was attenuated on co-administration with FPS at 50 and 100 mg kg-1 bw. Furthermore, CAFF decreased seminiferous epithelia thickness and spermatogenesis score index and increased the number of tubules with abnormal histological features, which were attenuated on co-administration with FPS at 50 mg kg-1 bw much more than at the higher doses (p < 0.05). CAFF did not affect malondialdehyde and glutathione concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the testes whereas FPS co-treatment at the higher doses elevated glutathione level and GSH-Px activity and did not affect spermatogenesis score index at the highest dose (200 mg kg-1 bw). Testicular malondialdehyde concentrations remained unaffected in all FPS co-treatment groups. Overall, FPS is able to minimize the CAFF-induced testicular injury at lower than at the higher tested doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechukwu E Ezim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Zalpoor H, Aziziyan F, Liaghat M, Bakhtiyari M, Akbari A, Nabi-Afjadi M, Forghaniesfidvajani R, Rezaei N. The roles of metabolic profiles and intracellular signaling pathways of tumor microenvironment cells in angiogenesis of solid tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:186. [PMID: 36419156 PMCID: PMC9684800 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells patrol and survey throughout the human body and sometimes reside in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a variety of cell types and nutrients that may differ from those in which they developed. The metabolic pathways and metabolites of immune cells are rooted in cell physiology, and not only provide nutrients and energy for cell growth and survival but also influencing cell differentiation and effector functions. Nowadays, there is a growing awareness that metabolic processes occurring in cancer cells can affect immune cell function and lead to tumor immune evasion and angiogenesis. In order to safely treat cancer patients and prevent immune checkpoint blockade-induced toxicities and autoimmunity, we suggest using anti-angiogenic drugs solely or combined with Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) to boost the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy. As a consequence, there is significant and escalating attention to discovering techniques that target metabolism as a new method of cancer therapy. In this review, a summary of immune-metabolic processes and their potential role in the stimulation of intracellular signaling in TME cells that lead to tumor angiogenesis, and therapeutic applications is provided. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Zalpoor
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Liaghat
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiyari
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abdullatif Akbari
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Forghaniesfidvajani
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- grid.510410.10000 0004 8010 4431Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Gharib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Arab ZN, Khayatan D, Razavi SM, Zare K, Kheradkhah E, Momtaz S, Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Sathyapalan T, Emami SA, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. Phytochemicals as Modulators of Paraoxonase-1 in Health and Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071273. [PMID: 35883764 PMCID: PMC9311866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis, chronic liver disease, and neurodegenerative diseases are major causes of mortality. These diseases have gained much attention due to their complications, and therefore novel approaches with fewer side effects are an important research topic. Free radicals and oxidative stress are involved in the molecular mechanisms of several diseases. Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and mitigate their adverse effects. One of the most important antioxidant enzymes are paraoxonases (PONs). These enzymes perform a wide range of physiological activities ranging from drug metabolism to detoxification of neuroleptics. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is produced in the liver and then transferred to the bloodstream. It has been demonstrated that PON1 could have beneficial effects in numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis, CVD, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative diseases by modulating relevant signalling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. These pathways include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and protein kinase B/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (AKT/NF-κB)-dependent signalling pathways. Increasing PON1 could potentially have protective effects and reduce the incidence of various diseases by modulating these signalling pathways. Several studies have reported that dietary factors are able to modulate PON1 expression and activity. This review aimed at summarizing the state of the art on the effects of dietary phytochemicals on PON1 enzyme activity and the relevant signalling pathways in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Najafi Arab
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; (Z.N.A.); (D.K.); (S.M.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; (Z.N.A.); (D.K.); (S.M.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Seyed Mehrad Razavi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; (Z.N.A.); (D.K.); (S.M.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Kimia Zare
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran;
| | - Elnaz Kheradkhah
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; (Z.N.A.); (D.K.); (S.M.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (A.H.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy;
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK;
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; (Z.N.A.); (D.K.); (S.M.R.); (E.K.)
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (A.H.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (A.H.A.); (A.S.)
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The Protective Effects of Securigera securidaca Seed Extract on Liver Injury Induced by Bile Duct Ligation in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6989963. [PMID: 35155679 PMCID: PMC8837422 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6989963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Securigera securidaca (SS) seed extract on cholestatic liver injury induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Total polyphenols and flavonoids in SS seed extract were determined using a colorimetric assay, and their components were quantified using HPLC. Rats in four groups underwent BDL at the common bile duct and were treated for 21 days with either oral distilled water as vehicle, vitamin C, 100 mg/kg SS seed extract, or 200 mg/kg SS seed extract. Rats in the fifth group underwent abdominal incision without BDL and were treated with distilled water, and rats in the sixth group were healthy and received nothing. Finally, rats were sacrificed, blood samples were analyzed through biochemical methods, liver tissues were histologically assessed, and the expression of the TGFβ-1, iNOS, caspase-3, and α-SMA genes in the liver was assessed through real-time PCR. BDL significantly increased, and SS seed extract significantly decreased the serum levels of bilirubin and liver function enzymes. Moreover, SS seed extract suppressed the expression of the TGFβ-1, iNOS, caspase-3, and α-SMA genes, reduced the levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl, and increased the levels of glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, and SOD and catalase enzyme activity in the serum and liver. Extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg had significant positive effects on liver morphology and parenchyma structure in a dose-dependent manner.
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Kabel AM, Salama SA, Borg HM, Ali DA, Abd Elmaaboud MA. Targeting p-AKT/mTOR/MAP kinase signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis by fluvastatin with or without taxifolin mitigates gonadal dysfunction induced by bisphenol-A in male rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221089919. [PMID: 35465754 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221089919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a chemical substance that is widely used in industry for manufacturing of plastic bottles and resins. Recent reports found that BPA may mimic the effects of estrogen to a great manner that might disrupt the normal hormonal balance in the human body. Fluvastatin is an agent used for treatment of hypercholesterolemia that was proven to possess promising antioxidant ant anti-inflammatory properties. Taxifolin is a polyphenolic compound with potential antioxidant and antiestrogenic effects. The present study investigated the prospect of fluvastatin with or without taxifolin to mitigate testicular dysfunction elicited by BPA in rats. In a model of BPA-induced testicular toxicity, the hormonal profile was assessed and the testicular tissues were examined by biochemical analysis, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Fluvastatin with or without taxifolin improved the body weight gain, hormonal profile, testicular weight and functions, sperm characteristics, the antioxidant status, and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms together with enhancement of autophagy and suppression of the proapoptotic events induced by BPA in the testicular tissues. In addition, fluvastatin with or without taxifolin significantly mitigated the histopathological and the immunohistochemical changes induced by BPA in the testicular tissues. These desirable effects were more pronounced with fluvastatin/taxifolin combination relative to the use of each of these agents alone. In tandem, fluvastatin/taxifolin combination might counteract the pathogenic events induced by BPA in the testicular tissues which may be considered as a novel strategy for amelioration of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 68782Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, 125895Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M Borg
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 289154Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Dina A Ali
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 68782Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maaly A Abd Elmaaboud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 68782Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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