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Fliri A, Kajiji S. Effects of vitamin D signaling in cardiovascular disease: centrality of macrophage polarization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1388025. [PMID: 38984353 PMCID: PMC11232491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1388025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the leading causes of natural death are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Factors causing illness include genetic predisposition, aging, stress, chronic inflammation, environmental factors, declining autophagy, and endocrine abnormalities including insufficient vitamin D levels. Inconclusive clinical outcomes of vitamin D supplements in cardiovascular diseases demonstrate the need to identify cause-effect relationships without bias. We employed a spectral clustering methodology capable of analyzing large diverse datasets for examining the role of vitamin D's genomic and non-genomic signaling in disease in this study. The results of this investigation showed the following: (1) vitamin D regulates multiple reciprocal feedback loops including p53, macrophage autophagy, nitric oxide, and redox-signaling; (2) these regulatory schemes are involved in over 2,000 diseases. Furthermore, the balance between genomic and non-genomic signaling by vitamin D affects autophagy regulation of macrophage polarization in tissue homeostasis. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how interactions between genomic and non-genomic signaling affect vitamin D pharmacology and offer opportunities for increasing the efficacy of vitamin D-centered treatment of cardiovascular disease and healthy lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Fliri
- Emergent System Analytics LLC, Clinton, CT, United States
| | - Shama Kajiji
- Emergent System Analytics LLC, Clinton, CT, United States
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Ren J, Liu J, Zhang J, Hu X, Cui Y, Wei X, Ma Y, Li X, Zhao Y. Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Binding Partners MiD49 and MiD51 Increased Mitochondrial Fission In Vitro and Atherosclerosis in High-Fat-Diet-Fed ApoE -/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:244. [PMID: 38203413 PMCID: PMC10778634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel components of the mitochondrial fission machinery, mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa (MiD49) and 51 kDa (MiD51), have been recently described, and their potential therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular disease have been shown, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), anthracycline cardiomyopathy and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we examined the role of MiD49 and MiD51 in atherosclerosis. MiD49/51 expression was increased in the aortic valve endothelial cells (ECs) of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice and IL-8-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which accelerated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Silencing MiD49/51 reduced atherosclerotic plaque size, increased collagen content, and decreased the IL-8-induced adhesion and proliferation of HUVECs. MiD51 upregulation resulted from decreased microRNA (miR)-107 expression and increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) expression. Treatment with miR-107 mimics decreased atherosclerotic plaque size by reducing HIF-1α and MiD51 production. Both MiD49 and MiD51 were involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation through Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, and the involvement of MiD51 in this process was the result of decreased miR-107 expression and increased HIF-1α expression. The miR-107-HIF-1α-MiD51 pathway might provide new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Ren
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Molecular Medical Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China; (J.R.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (X.H.); (Y.C.); (X.W.); (Y.M.)
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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Fularski P, Krzemińska J, Lewandowska N, Młynarska E, Saar M, Wronka M, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Statins in Chronic Kidney Disease-Effects on Atherosclerosis and Cellular Senescence. Cells 2023; 12:1679. [PMID: 37443712 PMCID: PMC10340582 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem that can affect various systems in the human body. Renal failure promotes mechanisms of premature cellular aging and also features of generalized inflammation in the body, which translates into a close relationship between kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). As kidney function deteriorates, cardiovascular risk and mortality increase in this group of patients. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two closely related processes that initiate a vicious cycle by activating each other. Together with aging, they represent the key factors that cause and exacerbate CVD in CKD. Patients with CKD are particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of aging endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle and macrophages, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms are known that can lead to the progression of the aforementioned problems, such as the accumulation of uremic toxins, persistent inflammation, impaired lipid and electrolyte metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and mitochondria. According to research, we can distinguish a group of drugs that effectively counteract the negative effects of CKD-statins. This is a group of drugs that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase and affect a number of cellular processes and pathways, resulting in the overall slowing of atherosclerosis and cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Julia Krzemińska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Natalia Lewandowska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Maciej Saar
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Magdalena Wronka
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
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Yang L, Du B, Zhang S, Wang M. FAM3A mediates the phenotypic switch of human aortic smooth muscle cells stimulated with oxidised low-density lipoprotein by influencing the PI3K-AKT pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:431-442. [PMID: 37474885 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 3 member A (FAM3A) is a multifunctional protein that is related to the pathological process of various disorders. FAM3A is reportedly able to affect the phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells under a hypertensive state. Whether FAM3A mediates the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells under an atherosclerotic state remains unaddressed. This work investigated the roles and mechanisms of FAM3A in mediating the phenotypic switch of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) stimulated with oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in vitro. FAM3A expression was elevated in HASMCs following ox-LDL treatment. FAM3A silencing led to a suppressive effect on ox-LDL-provoked proliferation, migration and inflammation of HASMCs, whereas FAM3A overexpression had an opposite effect. Ox-LDL elicited a change in HASMCs from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype, which was inhibited by FAM3A silencing or enhanced by FAM3A overexpression. Further investigation elucidated that FAM3A silencing repressed and FAM3A overexpression promoted ox-LDL-induced activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in HASMCs. Reactivation of AKT reversed the suppressive effect of FAM3A silencing on the ox-LDL-induced phenotypic switch of HASMCs. Restraining AKT blocked the promoting effect of FAM3A overexpression on the ox-LDL-induced phenotypic switch of HASMCs. In summary, this work elucidates that FAM3A mediates the ox-LDL-induced phenotypic switch of HASMCs by influencing the PI3K-AKT pathway, indicating a potential role for FAM3A in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshun Du
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, People's Republic of China.
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Hu C, Wang Y, Huang W, Xia Y. E prostanoid receptor-3 promotes oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced human aortic smooth muscle cells inflammation. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:1077-1089. [PMID: 36578105 PMCID: PMC10053191 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The progression of atherosclerosis can lead to the occurrence of multiple cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, etc.). E prostanoid receptor-3 (EP3) is known to participate in the progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which EP3 modulates the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- mice were used to construct in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to construct in vitro model of atherosclerosis. mRNA expressions were assessed by qRT-PCR, and western blot was applied to assess the protein levels. CCK-8 assay was applied to assess the cell viability. The inflammatory cytokines levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry was applied to assess cell apoptosis. In vivo experiment was constructed to investigate the impact of EP3 in atherosclerosis development. L-798106 (EP3 inhibitor) significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis in vivo. EP3 inhibitor (L-798106) significantly reversed ox-LDL-caused HASMCs injury via inhibiting the apoptosis and inflammatory responses (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in HASMCs were elevated by ox-LDL, whereas L-798106 or knockdown of cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) notably restored this phenomenon (P < 0.05). EP3 overexpression further aggravated ox-LDL-induced inflammation in HASMCs, and EP3 up-regulated the levels of IL-17 and ICAM-1 in ox-LDL-treated HASMCs (P < 0.05). EP3 up-regulation promoted the inflammatory responses in ox-LDL-treated HASMCs through mediation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB/IL-17/ICAM-1 axis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EP3 inhibitor alleviates ox-LDL-induced HASMC inflammation via mediation of cAMP/PKA/CREB/IL-17/ICAM-1 axis. Our study might shed new lights on discovering novel strategies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang‐Jia Hu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
- Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular ImagingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Yan‐Wei Wang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Wei‐Xing Huang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Yu‐Bin Xia
- Department of NephrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeNo. 57, Changping RdShantou515000Guangdong ProvinceChina
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Jing Y, Hu S, Song J, Dong X, Zhang Y, Sun X, Wang D. Association between polymorphisms in miRNAs and ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32078. [PMID: 36596006 PMCID: PMC9803434 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis remains a predominant cause of ischemic stroke (IS). Four miRNA polymorphisms associated with arteriosclerosis mechanism were meta-analyzed to explore whether they had predictive significance for IS. METHODS PubMed, Excerpta Medica database, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Wanfang Database were searched for relevant case-control studies published before September 2022. Two researchers independently reviewed the studies and extracted the data. Data synthesis was carried out on eligible studies. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis were performed using Stata software 16.0. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included, comprising 8879 cases and 12,091 controls. The results indicated that there were no significant associations between miR-146a C>G (rs2910164), miR-196a2 T>C (rs11614913) and IS risk in the overall analyses, but miR-149 T>C (rs2292832) and miR-499 A>G (rs3746444) increased IS risk under the allelic model, homozygote model and recessive model. The subgroup analyses based on Trial of Org 101072 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification indicated that rs2910164 increased small artery occlusion (SAO) risk under the allelic model, heterozygote model and dominant model; rs11614913 decreased the risk of SAO under the allelic model, homozygote model, heterozygote model and dominant model. CONCLUSION This Meta-analysis showed that all 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with the risk of IS or SAO, even though the overall and subgroup analyses were not entirely consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Jing
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Siya Hu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- * Correspondence: Dongyan Wang, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Gogoli Dajie, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150000, China (e-mail: )
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Piesanen J, Kunnas T, Nikkari ST. The gene variant for desmin rs1058261 may protect against combined cancer and cardiovascular death, the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31005. [PMID: 36221331 PMCID: PMC9542836 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin-containing intermediate filaments are a part of muscle cytoskeleton. We have previously reported that the wild-type cytosine/cytosine genotype of a common Desmin synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (C > T) (rs1058261) associated with cardiovascular diseases in a cohort of subjects from the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study. We now examined whether rs1058261 also associates with early death by following the cohort of 801 subjects from the age of 50 up to the age of 65. Outcomes for death were collected from the National Statistics Centre. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and gene expression correlations for rs1058261 were done in silico. With follow-up, subjects with wild-type cytosine/cytosine genotype had higher incidence of cancer deaths (odds ratio [OR] 5.27, confidence interval [CI] 1.160-23.946, P = .031), combined deaths from cardiovascular diseases or cancers (OR 3.92, CI 1.453-10.596, P = .007), and "hard" acute cardiovascular disease events (early myocardial infarction and/or death) (OR 3.90, CI 1.287-11.855, P = .016) compared to subjects with the T-allele. The in silico results of linkage disequilibrium and gene expression analyses showed negative gene expression sizes associated with rs1058261, which theoretically decreases desmin expression. Our findings suggest that variation rs1058261 in Desmin may serve as a surrogate marker for other variations involved in decrease of deaths from combined cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Piesanen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja Kunnas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo T Nikkari
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University and Fimlab laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- * Correspondence: Seppo Nikkari, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland (e-mail: )
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Tonhajzerova I, Visnovcova Z, Ondrejka I, Funakova D, Hrtanek I, Ferencova N. Major depressive disorder at adolescent age is associated with impaired cardiovascular autonomic regulation and vasculature functioning. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 181:14-22. [PMID: 36029918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular adverse complications represent a risk factor for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there is little knowledge of adolescent MDD. We aimed to study complex cardiovascular autonomic regulation and early atherosclerotic damage with a focus on an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), systolic time intervals, and measures of early atherosclerotic changes in adolescent MDD. Ninety depressive adolescents (34 boys, age 15.8 ± 1.3 yrs.) and 90 age-/gender-matched controls were examined. Evaluated parameters: HRV - time and spectral parameters, BPV - mean, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure, spectral systolic parameters; haemodynamic indices - stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, systolic time intervals - left ventricular ejection time, pre-ejection period; atherosclerotic indices - ankle-brachial index (ABI), pulse wave velocity, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index; growth factors - epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Our results showed that the MDD group had significantly reduced HRV and higher BPV measures, shortened systolic time intervals, lower ABI, and higher EGF compared to controls. Concluding, our study revealed that adolescent MDD is associated with cardiovascular dysregulation and early vasculature dysfunction as preclinical markers of higher risk for cardiovascular morbidity, thus adolescence seems to represent an important age period for early diagnosis and prevention of later MDD-linked cardiovascular diseases manifesting in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Visnovcova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Igor Ondrejka
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 036 59 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Dana Funakova
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 036 59 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Igor Hrtanek
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 036 59 Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Nikola Ferencova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovak Republic.
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Kytikova OY, Novgorodtseva TP, Denisenko YK, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA, Atamas OV. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor And Coronary Artery Disease. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is defined as myocardial damage developing as a result of its organic and functional changes, and leading to impaired blood flow through the coronary arteries. An important pathogenetic component of CAD is atherosclerosis. Currently, key aspects of the molecular relationship between inflammation and atherosclerosis are being actively studied, the immunometabolic theory of atherosclerosis is being discussed, along with an involvement of perivascular adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of this pathology, due to its ability to respond to atherogenic stimuli via developing inflammatory reactions. Evidence has been accumulated that in patients with CAD, both in their blood and perivascular adipose tissue, the level of neurotrophic factors (in particular, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) changes, which may be a promising area of research from the standpoint of studying this factor as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis in CAD. Neurotrophic growth factors control the functioning of both immune and nervous systems, and the balance of energy metabolism and innervation of adipose tissue. They affect vascular homeostasis, and are also involved in causing and stopping inflammation. Currently, there are data on the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and on the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids on the level of BDNF and, accordingly, the development and progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Our review summarizes published data (2019-2021) on the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the relationship between BDNF and CAD (atherosclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Yu. Kytikova
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga V. Atamas
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
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Zhou J, Liu L, Wu P, Zhao L, Wu Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum Accelerates Atherosclerosis via Macrophage-Driven Aberrant Proinflammatory Response and Lipid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:798685. [PMID: 35359716 PMCID: PMC8963492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.798685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an oral chronic inflammatory disease, is reported to show an association with atherosclerotic vascular disease. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral commensal bacterium that is abundantly implicated in various forms of periodontal diseases; however, its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis induced by F. nucleatum to provide new insight on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. We used an animal model, that is, ApoE–/– mice were infected with F. nucleatum by oral gavage, and in vitro co-culture models to assess the pathogenicity of F. nucleatum. The results indicate that F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 invaded aortic tissues and substantially increased the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, F. nucleatum changed plaque composition into a less-stable phenotype, characterized with increased subcutaneous macrophage infiltration, M1 polarization, lipid deposition, cell apoptosis, and reduced extracellular matrix and collagen content. The serum levels of pro-atherosclerotic factors, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), c-reactive protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and microRNAs (miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-23b) were considerably increased after F. nucleatum stimulation, whereas HDL-c level was reduced. F. nucleatum induced in vitro macrophage apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. F. nucleatum facilitated ox-LDL–induced cholesterol phagocytosis and accumulation by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (AR-A1, ACAT1, ABCA1, and ABCG1). F. nucleatum further worsened the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment by considerably increasing the levels of IL-6; IL-1β; TNF-α; MCP-1; and MMP-2, 8, and 9 and by suppressing fibronectin (FN) 1 levels during foam cell formation. This study shows that F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 is implicated in atherosclerosis by causing aberrant activation and lipid metabolism in macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Charoensaensuk V, Chen YC, Lin YH, Ou KL, Yang LY, Lu DY. Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression Leading to Apoptotic Death through the Oxidative Stress/NF-κB Pathway in Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:3033. [PMID: 34831265 PMCID: PMC8616253 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, has been proposed to cause blood vessel injury leading to cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. Brain endothelial cells compose the blood-brain barrier that protects homeostasis of the central nervous system. However, whether P. gingivalis causes the death of endothelial cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact and regulatory mechanisms of P. gingivalis infection in brain endothelial cells. We used bEnd.3 cells and primary mouse endothelial cells to assess the effects of P. gingivalis on endothelial cells. Our results showed that infection with live P. gingivalis, unlike heat-killed P. gingivalis, triggers brain endothelial cell death by inducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, P. gingivalis infection increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activated NF-κB, and up-regulated the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a most frequently used antioxidant, treatment significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced cell apoptosis and brain endothelial cell death. The enhancement of ROS production, NF-κB p65 activation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression was also attenuated by NAC treatment. The impact of P. gingivalis on brain endothelial cells was also confirmed using adult primary mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs). In summary, our results showed that P. gingivalis up-regulates IL-1β and TNF-α protein expression, which consequently causes cell death of brain endothelial cells through the ROS/NF-κB pathway. Our results, together with the results of previous case-control studies and epidemiologic reports, strongly support the hypothesis that periodontal infection increases the risk of developing cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (V.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ho Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (V.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- 3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22175, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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12
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Sun Q, Ren X, Sun Z, Duan J. The critical role of epigenetic mechanism in PM 2.5-induced cardiovascular diseases. Genes Environ 2021; 43:47. [PMID: 34654488 PMCID: PMC8518296 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of death worldwide, which seriously threatens human life and health. Epidemiological studies have confirmed the occurrence and development of CVD are closely related to air pollution. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is recognized as an important environmental factor contributing to increased morbidity, mortality and hospitalization rates among adults and children. However, the underlying mechanism by which PM2.5 promotes CVD development remains unclear. With the development of epigenetics, recent studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure may induce or aggravate CVD through epigenetic changes. In order to better understand the potential mechanisms, this paper reviews the epigenetic changes of CVD caused by PM2.5. We summarized the epigenetic mechanisms of PM2.5 causing cardiovascular pathological damage and functional changes, mainly involving DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, histone modification and chromosome remodeling. It will provide important clues for exploring the biological mechanisms affecting cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoke Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China. .,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China.
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13
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Fukami H, Higa Y, Hisano T, Asano K, Hirata T, Nishibe S. A Review of Red Yeast Rice, a Traditional Fermented Food in Japan and East Asia: Its Characteristic Ingredients and Application in the Maintenance and Improvement of Health in Lipid Metabolism and the Circulatory System. Molecules 2021; 26:1619. [PMID: 33803982 PMCID: PMC8001704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Red yeast rice has been used to produce alcoholic beverages and various fermented foods in China and Korea since ancient times; it has also been used to produce tofuyo (Okinawan-style fermented tofu) in Japan since the 18th century. Recently, monacolin K (lovastatin) which has cholesterol-lowering effects, was found in some strains of Monascus fungi. Since statins have been used world-wide as a cholesterol-lowering agent, processed foods containing natural statins are drawing attention as materials for primary prevention of life-style related diseases. In recent years, large-scale commercial production of red yeast rice using traditional solid-state fermentation has become possible, and various useful materials, including a variety of monascus pigments (polyketides) that spread as natural pigments, in addition to statins, are produced in the fermentation process. Red yeast rice has a lot of potential as a medicinal food. In this paper, we describe the history of red yeast rice as food, especially in Japan and East Asia, its production methods, use, and the ingredients with pharmacological activity. We then review evidence of the beneficial effects of red yeast rice in improving lipid metabolism and the circulatory system and its safety as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fukami
- Central R&D Laboratory, KOBYASHI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 567-0057, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.H.); (K.A.); (T.H.)
| | - Yuki Higa
- Central R&D Laboratory, KOBYASHI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 567-0057, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.H.); (K.A.); (T.H.)
| | - Tomohiro Hisano
- Central R&D Laboratory, KOBYASHI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 567-0057, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.H.); (K.A.); (T.H.)
| | - Koichi Asano
- Central R&D Laboratory, KOBYASHI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 567-0057, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.H.); (K.A.); (T.H.)
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Central R&D Laboratory, KOBYASHI Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 567-0057, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.H.); (K.A.); (T.H.)
| | - Sansei Nishibe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari 061-0293, Japan;
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