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Koto-Shimada K, Miyazaki K, Inthapanith P, Phanpaseuth S, Sisoulath A, Nagatani S, Kikuchi S, Tamura T, Fujita N. International cooperation for nursing human resource development in Lao PDR: Investing in nursing leadership. Glob Health Med 2023; 5:249-254. [PMID: 37655185 PMCID: PMC10461326 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Strengthening nursing leadership in health systems has been identified as a priority for achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We aimed to analyse the characteristics of Japanese technical assistance projects for nursing human resource development in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and suggest directions for future assistance. An upgrading program, as part of human resource development, was initiated in the 1990s; it has contributed to the development of nursing leaders. Moreover, technical assistance from development partners has had synergistic effects by consistently promoting the involvement of nursing leaders in administration, education, and clinical practice to establish a functional regulatory system. In resource-limited settings, the application of both edge-pulling (leadership development) and bottom-up (quality improvement of the mass population) strategies are required. From a long-term perspective, development partners should continue to invest in increasing the number and quality of nursing leaders by upgrading the courses and leadership training programs, starting from the younger generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Koto-Shimada
- Project for Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance of Healthcare Professionals, JICA Lao PDR
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyazaki
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pengdy Inthapanith
- Nursing and Midwifery Board, Healthcare Professional Council, Ministry of Health, Lao PDR
| | - Souksavanh Phanpaseuth
- Nursing and Midwifery Board, Healthcare Professional Council, Ministry of Health, Lao PDR
- Faculty of Nursing Sciences, The University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR
| | - Anousone Sisoulath
- Nursing and Midwifery Board, Healthcare Professional Council, Ministry of Health, Lao PDR
- Faculty of Nursing Sciences, The University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR
| | - Shiori Nagatani
- Project for Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance of Healthcare Professionals, JICA Lao PDR
| | - Shikino Kikuchi
- Project for Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance of Healthcare Professionals, JICA Lao PDR
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyomitsu Tamura
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujita
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
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Jelodar ZK, Saghafi F, Zackery A, Jabbari A. Picture of the employment status of nurses in the world: Scoping review on pros and cons. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:151. [PMID: 37404919 PMCID: PMC10317262 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_917_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Nurses play a vital role in the delivery, quality improvement of healthcare services, and promoting patient health. Therefore, methods of providing nurses are an important issue. This study was conducted to collect evidence on the methods of providing nurses and their advantages and disadvantages by a scoping review method. The Arksey and O'Malley Framework and PRISMA were used in directing the present scoping review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to conduct the review and report on results. The ISI Web of science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 2010 and December 2020 using the keywords and their synonyms. Finally, 19 articles out of 1813 ones to answer the research questions were selected. The results showed that although two general methods are for the employment status of nurses (full-time and part-time nurses), different classification countries are dissimilar from each other. A total of 13 advantages and 20 disadvantages of the part-time pattern and 6 advantages and 4 disadvantages were extracted from the full-time pattern of studies. None of the patterns has precedence over the other. Despite the strengths and weaknesses, each of the full-time or part-time patterns in its position is beneficial. With proper management and planning, it is possible to minimize their weaknesses and benefited from their advantages. Training part-time nurses to maintain and improve their level is a key point in reducing the disadvantages of this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khakdel Jelodar
- Student Research Committee, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zackery
- Assistant Professor of Foresight, Department of Industrial Engineering and Futures Studies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Jabbari
- Associate Professor, Health Services Management, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Martineau T, Ozano K, Raven J, Mansour W, Bay F, Nkhoma D, Badr E, Baral S, Regmi S, Caffrey M. Improving health workforce governance: the role of multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms and human resources for health units in ministries of health. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 20:47. [PMID: 35619105 PMCID: PMC9134719 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-022-00742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cohesive and strategic governance approach is needed to improve the health workforce (HW). To achieve this, the WHO Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health (HRH) promotes mechanisms to coordinate HRH stakeholders, HRH structures and capacity within the health sector to support the development and implementation of a comprehensive HW agenda and regular reporting through WHO's National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA). METHODS Using an adapted HRH governance framework for guidance and analysis, we explored the existence and operation of HRH coordination mechanisms and HRH structures in Malawi, Nepal, Sudan and additionally from a global perspective through 28 key informant interviews and a review of 165 documents. RESULTS A unified approach is needed for the coordination of stakeholders who support the timely development and oversight of an appropriate costed HRH strategy subsequently implemented and monitored by an HRH unit. Multiple HRH stakeholder coordination mechanisms co-exist, but the broader, embedded mechanisms seemed more likely to support and sustain a comprehensive intersectoral HW agenda. Including all stakeholders is challenging and the private sector and civil society were noted for their absence. The credibility of coordination mechanisms increases participation. Factors contributing to credibility included: high-level leadership, organisational support and the generation and availability of timely HRH data and clear ownership by the ministry of health. HRH units were identified in two study countries and were reported to exist in many countries, but were not necessarily functional. There is a lack of specialist knowledge needed for the planning and management of the HW amongst staff in HRH units or equivalent structures, coupled with high turnover in many countries. Donor support has helped with provision of technical expertise and HRH data systems, though the benefits may not be sustained. CONCLUSION While is it important to monitor the existence of HRH coordination mechanisms and HRH structure through the NHWA, improved 'health workforce literacy' for both stakeholders and operational HRH staff and a deeper understanding of the operation of these functions is needed to strengthen their contribution to HW governance and ultimately, wider health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Martineau
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Kim Ozano
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Joanna Raven
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Wesam Mansour
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Fiona Bay
- Friends of Waldorf Education, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Margaret Caffrey
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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O’Loughlin F, Phangmanixay S, Sisouk K, Phommanivong V, Phiahouaphanh O, AlEryani S, Raajimakers H, Gray A. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness Training in Lao PDR: A Pilot Study of an Adaptable Approach to Training and Supervision. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:1618-1623. [PMID: 34491216 PMCID: PMC8641326 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) has been part of the national strategy for child health in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic since 2003. The program, while running for an extended period, has faced multiple challenges including maintaining the teaching quality for the implementation of the IMNCI guidelines and a structure to enable and support healthcare workers trained to apply the training in their workplace. A revised training model that focused on building skills for teaching according to adult learning principles in a pool of facilitators, a practical and hands-on training workshop for healthcare workers, and the establishment of a program of health center supervision was developed and implemented in three provinces. Participants in the revised model reported increased confidence in implementing IMNCI guidelines, they demonstrated competence in the steps of IMNCI and on follow-up assessment at a supervision visit were found to have improved patient care through the measurement of pediatric case management scores. This study highlights the importance of a focus on education to ensure the translation of guidelines into practice and thereby lead to improvements in the quality of pediatric care. The IMNCI training approach is acceptable and valued by healthcare worker participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya O’Loughlin
- Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kongkham Sisouk
- Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Salwa AlEryani
- Health and Nutrition Section, UNICEF, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Amy Gray
- Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Choummanivong M, Karimi S, Durham J, Sychareun V, Flenady V, Horey D, Boyle F. Stillbirth in Lao PDR: a healthcare provider perspective. Glob Health Action 2021; 13:1786975. [PMID: 32741353 PMCID: PMC7480497 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1786975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stillbirth is a major global concern. However, most research has been conducted in high-income countries. Understanding of the experience and management of stillbirth in low-middle income countries is needed. Objective This qualitative study explored health professionals’ experiences of providing stillbirth care in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, a lower-middle-income country in South-East Asia. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 33 health professionals (doctors, midwives and nurses) and thematic analysis was undertaken. Results All participants acknowledged stillbirth as a concern, but its incidence and causes were largely undocumented and unknown. A lack of training in managing stillbirth left health professionals often ill-equipped to support mothers and provide responsive care. Social stigma surrounds stillbirth, meaning mothers found limited support or opportunities to openly express their grief. Conclusions Better awareness of stillbirth causes could promote more positive experiences for healthcare providers and parents and more responsive healthcare. This requires improved training for healthcare professionals and awareness raising in the wider community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molina Choummanivong
- Faculty of Public Health Department, University of Health Sciences , Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Sediqa Karimi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia.,Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joanne Durham
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vanphanom Sychareun
- Faculty of Public Health Department, University of Health Sciences , Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Vicki Flenady
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dell Horey
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia.,Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fran Boyle
- Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
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Zhao X, Wang H, Li J, Yuan B. Training primary healthcare workers in China's township hospitals: a mixed methods study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:249. [PMID: 33267821 PMCID: PMC7713157 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary health care (PHC) was a keystone toward achieving universal health coverage and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). China has made efforts to strengthen its PHC institutions. As part of such efforts, regular in-service training is crucial for primary healthcare workers (PHWs) to strengthen their knowledge and keep their skills up to date. Objective To investigate if and how the existing training arrangements influenced the competence and job satisfaction of PHWs in township hospitals (THs). Methods A mixed method approach was employed. We analyzed the associations between in-service training and competence, as well as between in-service training and job satisfaction of PHWs using logistic regression. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo12 to better understand the trainings and the impacts on PHWs. Results The study found that training was associated with competence for all the types of PHWs except nurses. The odds of higher competence for physicians who received long-term training were 3.60 (p < 0.01) and that of those who received both types of training was 2.40 (p < 0.01). PHWs who received short-term training had odds of higher competence significantly (OR = 1.710, p < 0.05). PHWs who received training were more satisfied than their untrained colleagues in general (OR = 1.638, p < 0.01). Specifically, physicians who received short-term training (OR = 1.916, p < 0.01) and who received both types of training (OR = 1.941, p < 0.05) had greater odds of general job satisfaction. The odds ratios (ORs) of general job satisfaction for nurses who received short-term training was 2.697 (p < 0.01), but this association was not significant for public health workers. The interview data supported these results, and revealed how training influenced competence and satisfaction. Conclusions Considering existing evidence that competence and satisfaction serve as two major determinants of health workers’ performance, to further improve PHWs’ performance, it is necessary to provide sufficient training opportunities and improve the quality of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Beibei Yuan
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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