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Hadmon R, Pierre DM, Banga A, Clerville JW, Mautong H, Akinsanya P, Gupta RD, Soliman S, Hunjah TM, Hunjah BA, Hamza H, Qasba RK, Nawaz FA, Surani S, Kashyap R. Violence study of healthcare workers and systems in the Caribbean: ViSHWaS-Caribbean study. World J Methodol 2024; 14:92932. [DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i3.92932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Caribbean continues to prevail yet remains underreported. Our aim is to determine the cause, traits, and consequences of violence on HCWs in the Caribbean.
AIM To determine the cause, traits, and consequences of violence on HCWs in the Caribbean.
METHODS This research adopted an online cross-sectional survey approach, spanning over eight weeks (between June 6th and August 9th, 2022). The survey was generated using Research Electronic Data Capture forms and followed a snowballing strategy to contact individuals using emails, social media, text messages, etc. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables that influence violence, including gender, age, years of experience, institution type, and night shift frequency.
RESULTS The survey was completed by 225 HCWs. Females comprised 61%. Over 51% of respondents belonged to the 21 to 35 age group. Dominica (n = 61), Haiti (n = 50), and Grenada (n = 31) had the most responses. Most HCWs (49%) worked for government academic institutions, followed by community hospitals (23%). Medical students (32%), followed by attending physicians (22%), and others (16%) comprised the most common cadre of respondents. About 39% of the participants reported experiencing violence themselves, and 18% reported violence against colleague(s). Verbal violence (48%), emotional abuse (24%), and physical misconduct (14%) were the most common types of violence. Nearly 63% of respondents identified patients or their relatives as the most frequent aggressors. Univariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that female gender (OR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.16-3.76, P = 0.014) and higher frequency of night shifts (OR = 2.22; 95%CI: 1.08-4.58, P = 0.030) were associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing violence. More than 50% of HCWs felt less motivated and had decreased job satisfaction post-violent conduct.
CONCLUSION A large proportion of HCWS in the Caribbean are exposed to violence, yet the phenomenon remains underreported. As a result, HCWs’ job satisfaction has diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshon Hadmon
- Department of Medicine, St. George University School of Medicine, Grenada FZ818, West Indies
| | - Daniella Myriam Pierre
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholar Program, St Paul, MN 55101, United States
- Department of Public Health, Cuny Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Akshat Banga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Jacques W Clerville
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States
| | - Hans Mautong
- Department of Sociology and Demography, School of Health, Universidad de Especialidades Espiritu Santo, Samborondon 092301, Ecuador
| | - Precious Akinsanya
- Department of Medicine, Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ 07666, United States
| | - Rajat Das Gupta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Sama Soliman
- Department of Medicine, Pavlov First State Medical University of St Petersburg, Sankt-Peterburg 197022, Russia
| | - Tolupe M Hunjah
- Department of Medicine, University of Suffolk, Ipswich IP4 1QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bamidele A Hunjah
- Department of Medicine, Unicaf University of Zambia, Lusaka 20842, Zambia
| | - Hafeez Hamza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Girne 99428, Cyprus
| | - Ruman Khurshid Qasba
- Department of Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir, Institute of Medical Science, Srinagar 190011, India
| | - Faisal A Nawaz
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholar Program, St Paul, MN 55101, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Al Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Emirates Health Services, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholar Program, St Paul, MN 55101, United States
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholar Program, St Paul, MN 55101, United States
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Department of Research, Wellspan Health, York, PA 17403, United States
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Ajuwa MEPE, Veyrier CA, Cousin Cabrolier L, Chassany O, Marcellin F, Yaya I, Duracinsky M. Workplace violence against female healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079396. [PMID: 39209501 PMCID: PMC11369783 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) is highly prevalent in the health sector and remains a major occupational issue causing significant harm, ranging from bodily and psychological harm to death. Female healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of WPV. OBJECTIVES Identify risk factors of WPV among different professional categories of female HCWs. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, along with their references lists January 2010 and March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA English language observational studies focusing on WPV among HCWs evaluating the risk factors, impacts and consequences of WPV in female HCWs. METHOD Risk of bias was assessed for all studies by Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. We estimated the pooled prevalence of WPV and the associated 95% CI using a random-effects meta-analysis model. We then described the associated factors and effects of WPV. RESULTS 28 reviewed studies (24 quantitative, 4 qualitative and 1 mixed-method) from 20 countries were selected. From the available results of 16 studies, the pooled prevalence of WPV was estimated at 45.0% (95% CI 32% to 58%). Types of violence included verbal abuse, verbal threats, physical assaults, sexual harassment, mobbing, bullying and discrimination. Perpetrators were patients, patients' relatives, colleagues and supervisors. Nurses were the most studied HCWs category. WPV was found to affect both mental and physical health. Age, marital status, lower occupational position, substance abuse, shorter work experience and low support at work were the main socio-demographic and organisational factors associated with higher risk of WPV. CONCLUSION WPV prevalence is high among female HCWs, warranting a multilevel intervention approach to address and mitigate its impact. This approach should include targeted policies and individual-level strategies to create a safer work environment and prevent adverse effects on both HCWs and the broader healthcare system. Further research is needed to better document WPV in categories of HCWs other than nurses. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022329574.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clair-Antoine Veyrier
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lorraine Cousin Cabrolier
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chassany
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Issifou Yaya
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- URC ECO, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
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Abregú-Tueros LF, Bravo-Esquivel CJ, Abregú-Arroyo SK, Dos Santos-Rosa R, Galve-Manzano JL. Consensus on relevant psychosocial interventions applied in health institutions to prevent psychological violence at work: Delphi method. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:19. [PMID: 38183078 PMCID: PMC10768250 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on psychological violence in the workplace (PVW) in Latin America have focused on incidence values. In contrast, studies on preventive interventions (PIs) in the health sector are very limited. Our objective was to determine to what extent there is consensus on the most relevant characteristics of the psychosocial interventions applied in the prevention of PVW in health institutions in Peru. To that end, health professionals with knowledge and experience in PVW at the national level were recruited, and the Delphi consensus technique was applied. RESULTS The consensus study was developed in four stages that included three phases of Delphi consultation. In the third consultation phase, 428 experts participated in 25 analysis groups from 66 health institutions in the country. A total of 70.3% of the participants were women, and 27.6% of the participants worked in nursing and emergency services. After the Delphi consensus analysis, we obtained a list of 10 hierarchical psychosocial interventions to prevent PVW in the country. Most notable were interventions based on the prior resolution of interprofessional conflicts, on the visibility of incidents to generate an inverse effect and on experiential training to improve assertive and empathic communication skills.
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