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Grant A, Trenaman S, Stewart S, Liu L, Fisher J, Jeffers E, Lawrence R, Murphy A, Sketris I, Woodill L, Isenor JE. Uptake of community pharmacist prescribing over a three-year period. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 9:100221. [PMID: 36703714 PMCID: PMC9871298 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pharmacists in Nova Scotia have had legislated authority to prescribe since 2011. This study aimed to describe the prescribing activities of pharmacists and the characteristics of patients who used pharmacist prescribing services. Methods Using provincial health administrative databases we identified all community pharmacists who prescribed during the study period (October 2016 to March 2020) and correspondingly patients who had medications prescribed by a pharmacist during this period. Differences in, and predictors of the quantity of pharmacist prescribing over three fiscal years (April 2017 to March 2020) were described. Pharmacist prescribing activity was compared across the fiscal years of the study period with One-way Analysis of Variance. Negative binomial regression examined patient factors associated with use of pharmacist prescribing services. Analysis was carried out using SAS ENTERPRISE GUIDE v.8.2 (SAS Institute Cary, NC, USA). Key findings A total of 1182 pharmacist prescribers were identified, who on average prescribed 24.6, 26.3, and 32.5 (p < 0.001) times per month in fiscal years 2018, 2019, 2020, respectively. The patient cohort contained 372,203 Nova Scotians over the 3-year period. For approved common and minor ailment prescribing in Nova Scotia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, vaccines (non-travel), contraceptive management, herpes zoster treatment, and allergic rhinitis had the highest number of prescriptions over the study period. Patient factors most strongly related to receiving more prescribing services by a pharmacist included receiving income assistance without copay (Incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.70), having >2 comorbidities (IRR = 1.51), male sex (IRR = 1.03), and greater age (IRR = 1.01). Those from an urban area (IRR = 0.92) or having a higher income (IRR = 0.95) received fewer pharmacist prescribing services (all p < 0.0001). Conclusions Pharmacist prescribing increased over the 3-year period. Patients who were older and those with multiple comorbidities used pharmacist prescribing services most often. Prescribing activities represent an increasingly utilized role for pharmacists in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Grant
- Maritime SPOR SUPPORT Unit, Research, Innovation & Discovery Nova Scotia Health, 5790 University Ave., Nova Scotia, B3H1V7, Canada
| | - Shanna Trenaman
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samuel Stewart
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Lihui Liu
- Maritime SPOR SUPPORT Unit, Research, Innovation & Discovery Nova Scotia Health, 5790 University Ave., Nova Scotia, B3H1V7, Canada
| | - Judith Fisher
- Nova Scotia Department of Health and Wellness, 1894 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2R8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jeffers
- Maritime SPOR SUPPORT Unit, Research, Innovation & Discovery Nova Scotia Health, 5790 University Ave., Nova Scotia, B3H1V7, Canada
| | - Rebecca Lawrence
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Andrea Murphy
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ingrid Sketris
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Lisa Woodill
- Pharmacy Association of Nova Scotia, 210-238A Brownlow Ave, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B3B 2B4, Canada
| | - Jennifer E. Isenor
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Kunno J, Yubonpunt P, Sumanasrethakul C, Kaewchandee C, Robson MG, Wanichnopparat W, Prasittichok K, Luangwilai T, Chaichan C, Krainara P, Supawattanabodee B. Satisfaction with COVID-19 Vaccines in Health Care Workers and the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Bangkok, Thailand. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081345. [PMID: 36016234 PMCID: PMC9413823 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy is a global issue. Many people are concerned about experiencing side effects from the vaccine. This study evaluated satisfaction with the COVID-19 vaccine in the general population (GP) and healthcare workers (HCWs) in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed from September-December 2021. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare GP and HCW participants’ total vaccine satisfaction scores as well as their satisfaction with varying vaccine types. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of satisfaction scores among GP and HCWs. Results: A total of 780 valid questionnaire responses were obtained. The majority of GP participants (n = 390) had received their first (93.3%) and second (88.5%) vaccination shots by viral vector vaccine; however, 90% had not received a third dose (booster). In contrast, the majority of HCW participants (n = 390) had received their first (92.8%) and second (82.8%) vaccination doses by the inactivated vaccine, and 83% had received a third vaccine dose. HCWs had significantly higher total satisfaction scores than GP participants (p = 0.034), and they were also significantly more satisfied with the mRNA vaccine as a third dose (p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression models found less association with vaccine satisfaction among GP participants who had not isolated following exposure to COVID-19 and those who have never been at risk of infection (ᵦ −0.159; 95% CI −12.867, −1.877; p = 0.009). Among HCWs, being married (ᵦ 0.157; 95% CI 0.794, 3.278; p = 0.001) or divorced (ᵦ 0.198; 95% CI 3.303, 9.596; p < 0.01) was more closely associated with vaccine satisfaction than being single. Conclusion: HCWs were more satisfied with the type and efficacy of inactivated, viral vector, and mRNA vaccines than GP participants, and the former were also more satisfied with the cost of vaccine boosters. Our results indicate that satisfaction with the COVID-19 vaccine is based on academic knowledge sharing and the government’s promotion efforts. Future research will explore strategies to raise awareness about the importance of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadsada Kunno
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Pataraporn Yubonpunt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Chavanant Sumanasrethakul
- Department of Urban Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Chuthamat Kaewchandee
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wachiraporn Wanichnopparat
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Krit Prasittichok
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Titaporn Luangwilai
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Chonlawat Chaichan
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Krainara
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Busaba Supawattanabodee
- Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2244-3125
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