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Yin J, Ren P. New advances in the treatment of chondrosarcoma under the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:522-530. [PMID: 38687921 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2269_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bone sarcomas encompass a group of spontaneous mesenchymal malignancies, among which osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma are the most common subtypes. Chondrosarcoma, a relatively prevalent malignant bone tumor that originates from chondrocytes, is characterized by endogenous cartilage ossification within the tumor tissue. Despite the use of aggressive treatment approaches involving extensive surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for patients with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma, limited improvements in patient outcomes have been observed. Furthermore, resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy has been observed in chondrosarcoma and chordoma cases. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches for bone sarcomas, including chondrosarcoma, need to be uncovered. Recently, the emergence of immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has garnered attention given their clinical success in various diverse types of cancer, thereby prompting investigations into their potential for managing chondrosarcoma. Considering that circumvention of immune surveillance is considered a key factor in the malignant progression of tumors and that immune checkpoints play an important role in modulating antitumor immune effects, blockers or inhibitors targeting these immune checkpoints have become effective therapeutic tools for patients with tumors. One such checkpoint receptor implicated in this process is programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). The association between PD-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cancer progression in humans has been extensively studied, highlighting their remarkable potential as biomarkers for cancer treatment. This review comprehensively examines available studies on current chondrosarcoma treatments and advancements in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy for chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yin
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Walter SG, Knöll P, Eysel P, Quaas A, Gaisendrees C, Nißler R, Hieggelke L. Molecular In-Depth Characterization of Chondrosarcoma for Current and Future Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092556. [PMID: 37174021 PMCID: PMC10177611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CHS) are heterogenous, but as a whole, represent the second most common primary malignant bone tumor entity. Although knowledge on tumor biology has grown exponentially during the past few decades, surgical resection remains the gold standard for the treatment of these tumors, while radiation and differentiated chemotherapy do not result in sufficient cancer control. An in-depth molecular characterization of CHS reveals significant differences compared to tumors of epithelial origin. Genetically, CHS are heterogenous, but there is no characteristic mutation defining CHS, and yet, IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are frequent. Hypovascularization, extracellular matrix composition of collagen, proteoglycans, and hyaluronan create a mechanical barrier for tumor suppressive immune cells. Comparatively low proliferation rates, MDR-1 expression and an acidic tumor microenvironment further limit therapeutic options in CHS. Future advances in CHS therapy depend on the further characterization of CHS, especially the tumor immune microenvironment, for improved and better targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gottfried Walter
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Knöll
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peer Eysel
- Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Department for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Gaisendrees
- Department for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Nißler
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Hieggelke
- Department for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Ouyang Z, Wang S, Zeng M, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wang W, Liu T. Correction: therapeutic effect of palbociclib in chondrosarcoma: implication of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 as a potential target. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:40. [PMID: 36803557 PMCID: PMC9940363 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Ouyang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Sisi Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ming Zeng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Zhihong Li
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Estepa-Fernández A, García-Fernández A, Lérida-Viso A, Blandez JF, Galiana I, Sancenon-Galarza F, Orzáez M, Martínez-Máñez R. Combination of palbociclib with navitoclax based-therapies enhances in vivo antitumoral activity in triple-negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106628. [PMID: 36566002 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and limited effective therapeutic options. Induction of senescence, arrest of cell proliferation, has been explored as an effective method to limit tumor progression in metastatic breast cancer. However, relapses occur in some patients, possibly as a result of the accumulation of senescent tumor cells in the body after treatment, which promote metastasis. In this study, we explored the combination of senescence induction and the subsequent removal of senescent cells (senolysis) as an alternative approach to improve outcomes in TNBC patients. We demonstrate that a combination treatment, using the senescence-inducer palbociclib and the senolytic agent navitoclax, delays tumor growth and reduces metastases in a mouse xenograft model of aggressive human TNBC (hTNBC). Furthermore, considering the off-target effects and toxicity derived from the use of navitoclax, we propose a strategy aimed at minimizing the associated side effects. We use a galacto-conjugated navitoclax (nav-Gal) as a senolytic prodrug that can preferentially be activated by β-galactosidase overexpressed in senescent cells. Concomitant treatment with palbociclib and nav-Gal in vivo results in the eradication of senescent hTNBC cells with consequent reduction of tumor growth, while reducing the cytotoxicity of navitoclax. Taken together, our results support the efficacy of combination therapy of senescence-induction with senolysis for hTNBC, as well as the development of a targeted approach as an effective and safer therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Estepa-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Alba García-Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Araceli Lérida-Viso
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Blandez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Galiana
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenon-Galarza
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
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Palbociclib Enhances Migration and Invasion of Cancer Cells via Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype-Related CCL5 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2260625. [PMID: 37181790 PMCID: PMC10175017 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2260625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Palbociclib is the first CDK4/6 inhibitor approved by FDA and has been studied in many types of cancer. However, some studies showed that it could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. To test the effect of palbociclib on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, we treated NSCLC cells with different concentrations of palbociclib and detected its effects via MTT, migration and invasion assays, and apoptosis test. Further RNA sequencing was performed in the cells treated with 2 μM palbociclib or control. And Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were analyzed to explore the mechanism of palbociclib. The results showed that palbociclib significantly inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells and promoted apoptosis of cells, however, enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells. RNA sequencing showed that cell cycle, inflammation-/immunity-related signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and cell senescence pathways were involved in the process, and CCL5 was one of the significantly differential genes affected by palbociclib. Further experiments showed that blocking CCL5-related pathways could reverse the malignant phenotype induced by palbociclib. Our results revealed that palbociclib-induced invasion and migration might be due to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) rather than EMT and suggested that SASP could act as a potential target to potentiate the antitumor effects of palbociclib in cancer treatment.
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Management of Unresectable Localized Pelvic Bone Sarcomas: Current Practice and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102546. [PMID: 35626150 PMCID: PMC9139258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some locally advanced pelvic bone tumors are deemed unresectable and, as such, not suitable for curative surgery. In this setting, treatment options are generally limited and not unanimous, with decisions being made on an individual basis after multidisciplinary discussion. Ultimately, and notwithstanding the bright prospects raised by novel therapeutic approaches, treatment should be patient-tailored, weighing a panoply of patient- and tumor-related factors. Abstract Bone sarcomas (BS) are rare mesenchymal tumors usually located in the extremities and pelvis. While surgical resection is the cornerstone of curative treatment, some locally advanced tumors are deemed unresectable and hence not suitable for curative intent. This is often true for pelvic sarcoma due to anatomic complexity and proximity to vital structures, making treatment options for these tumors generally limited and not unanimous, with decisions being made on an individual basis after multidisciplinary discussion. Several studies have been published in recent years focusing on innovative treatment options for patients with locally advanced sarcoma not amenable to local surgery. The present article reviews the evidence regarding the treatment of patients with locally advanced and unresectable pelvic BS, with the goal of providing an overview of treatment options for the main BS histologic subtypes involving this anatomic area and exploring future therapeutic perspectives. The management of unresectable localized pelvic BS represents a major challenge and is hampered by the lack of comprehensive and standardized guidelines. As such, the optimal treatment needs to be individually tailored, weighing a panoply of patient- and tumor-related factors. Despite the bright prospects raised by novel therapeutic approaches, the role of each treatment option in the therapeutic armamentarium of these patients requires solid clinical evidence before becoming fully established.
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Elevated FAM84B promotes cell proliferation via interacting with NPM1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:182. [PMID: 35396552 PMCID: PMC8993864 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 84, member B (FAM84B) is a significant copy number amplification gene in the 8q24.21 locus identified by our previous WGS study in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its clinical relevance and potential mechanisms have been elusive. Here, we performed the association analyses between FAM84BAmp and clinicopathological features using 507 ESCC samples. The results indicated that, compared with the FAM84Bnon-Amp patients, the FAM84BAmp patients showed a more aggressive and a worse prognosis. A significant correlation was discovered between the expression level of FAM84B and FAM84BAmp in the ESCC cohort. Furthermore, we found that the forced expression change of FAM84B can influence ESCC cell proliferation and cell-cycle status, which is probably mediated by NPM1. A direct interaction between FAM84B and the C-terminal (189–294aa) of NPM1 was identified, which increased the NPM1 nuclear expression. Over-expression of NPM1 could inhibit the CDKN2A protein expression, which might affect the ESCC cell cycle. Our results indicate FAM84B CNA may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in ESCC, meanwhile, reveal a novel mechanism of FAM84B that promotes tumorigenesis via interacting with NPM1 and suppressing CDKN2A.
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Hsu JY, Seligson ND, Hays JL, Miles WO, Chen JL. Clinical Utility of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Sarcoma: Successes and Future Challenges. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100211. [PMID: 35108033 PMCID: PMC8820917 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Soft tissue and bone sarcomas are rare malignancies that exhibit significant pathologic and molecular heterogeneity. Deregulation of the CDKN2A-CCND-CDK4/6-retinoblastoma 1 (Rb) pathway is frequently observed in about 25% of unselected sarcomas and is pathognomonic for specific sarcoma subtypes. This genomic specificity has fueled the clinical evaluation of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in sarcomas. Here, we highlight successes, opportunities, and future challenges for using CDK4/6 inhibitors to treat sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review summarizes the current evidence for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in sarcoma while identifying molecular rationale and predictive biomarkers that provide the foundation for targeting the CDK4/6 pathway in sarcoma. A systematic review was performed of articles indexed in the PubMed database and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov). For each sarcoma subtype, we discuss the preclinical rationale, case reports, and available clinical trials data. RESULTS Despite promising clinical outcomes in a subset of sarcomas, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors results in highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Current clinical data support the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in subsets of sarcoma primarily driven by CDK4/6 deregulation. When dysregulation of the Rb pathway is a secondary driver of sarcoma, combination therapy with CDK4/6 inhibition may be an option. Developing strategies to identify responders and the mechanisms that drive resistance is important to maximize the clinical utility of these drugs in patients with sarcoma. Potential biomarkers that indicate CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity in sarcoma include CDK4, CCND, CCNE, RB1, E2F1, and CDKN2A. CONCLUSION CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a major breakthrough for targeted cancer treatment. CDK4/6 inhibitor use in sarcoma has led to limited, but significant, early clinical success. Targeted future clinical research will be key to unlocking the potential of CDK4/6 inhibition in sarcoma. Response to CDK4/6-inhibitors in sarcomas indicate the need for predictive biomarkers specific to this disease.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Y Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nathan D Seligson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL
| | - John L Hays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wayne O Miles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James L Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Radiosensitizing Effect of Celastrol by Inhibiting G2/M Phase Arrest Induced by the c-myc Gene of Human SW1353 Chondrosarcoma Cells: Network and Experimental Analyses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1948657. [PMID: 35141331 PMCID: PMC8820907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1948657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Studies have unveiled that the components of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) such as celastrol could attenuate apoptosis and proliferation of various tumor cells. This study is focused on the radiosensitization effect and apoptotic pathways of celastrol via the inhibition of the c-myc gene and the influence of which combined with radiotherapy on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of chondrosarcoma cells. Methods A variety of bioinformatic tools were applied to explore the expression level and prognosis of the c-myc gene in different tumor cells and chondrosarcoma cells. We used pharmacology network to analyze the components, pathways, targets, molecular functions of TWHF and explore the relevant effective components over the MYC gene. Clone formation assay, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transwell migration assay were applied to detect the effects of celastrol on the expression of c-myc gene, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle. Radiation therapy was used to observe the radiosensitization effect of celastrol on chondrosarcoma. Results This study shows that the c-myc gene is overexpressed in various tumor cells and bone tumor cells to varying degrees. Celastrol can significantly inhibit the expression of the c-myc gene, induce G2/M phase arrest through regulation of G2/M phase-related proteins, and promote SW1353 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial signaling pathway. In addition, we also found that the use of triptorubin to inhibit c-myc gene expression in combination with radiotherapy can increase the osteosarcoma cells' apoptosis rate through the mitochondrial signaling pathway significantly. Conclusions Our study validated the radiosensitization effect of celastrol through knocking down the expression of the c-myc gene to induce G2/M phase arrest and provides a new idea for the treatment of refractory or recurrent chondrosarcoma that is not sensitive to radiotherapy.
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Miwa S, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Takeuchi A, Igarashi K, Tsuchiya H. Therapeutic Targets and Emerging Treatments in Advanced Chondrosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031096. [PMID: 35163019 PMCID: PMC8834928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to resistance to standard anticancer agents, it is difficult to control the disease progression in patients with metastatic or unresectable chondrosarcoma. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as molecule-targeting drugs and immunotherapy, are required to improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced chondrosarcoma. Recent studies have suggested several promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma, including IDH1/2 and COL2A1. Several molecule-targeting agents and immunotherapies have shown favorable antitumor activity in clinical studies in patients with advanced chondrosarcomas. This review summarizes recent basic studies on biomarkers and molecular targets and recent clinical studies on the treatment of chondrosarcomas.
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Tang F, Tie Y, Wei YQ, Tu CQ, Wei XW. Targeted and immuno-based therapies in sarcoma: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188606. [PMID: 34371128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a distinct group of rare malignant tumors with high heterogeneity. Limited options with clinical efficacy for the metastatic or local advanced sarcoma existed despite standard therapy. Recently, targeted therapy according to the molecular and genetic phenotype of individual sarcoma is a promising option. Among these drugs, anti-angiogenesis therapy achieved favorable efficacy in sarcomas. Inhibitors targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, mTOR, NTRK, metabolisms, and epigenetic drugs are under clinical evaluation for sarcomas bearing the corresponding signals. Immunotherapy represents a promising and favorable method in advanced solid tumors. However, most sarcomas are immune "cold" tumors, with only alveolar soft part sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cellular therapies with TCR-engineered T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and nature killer cells transfer show therapeutic potential. Identifying tumor-specific antigens and exploring immune modulation factors arguing the efficacy of these immunotherapies are the current challenges. This review focuses on the mechanisms, advances, and potential strategies of targeted and immune-based therapies in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthopeadics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong-Qi Tu
- Department of Orthopeadics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xia-Wei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zając AE, Kopeć S, Szostakowski B, Spałek MJ, Fiedorowicz M, Bylina E, Filipowicz P, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Tysarowski A, Czarnecka AM, Rutkowski P. Chondrosarcoma-from Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2390. [PMID: 34069269 PMCID: PMC8155983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CHS) is the second most common primary malignant bone sarcoma. Overall survival and prognosis of this tumor are various and often extreme, depending on histological grade and tumor subtype. CHS treatment is difficult, and surgery remains still the gold standard due to the resistance of this tumor to other therapeutic options. Considering the role of differentiation of CHS subtypes and the need to develop new treatment strategies, in this review, we introduced a multidisciplinary characterization of CHS from its pathology to therapies. We described the morphology of each subtype with the role of immunohistochemical markers in diagnostics of CHS. We also summarized the most frequently mutated genes and genome regions with altered pathways involved in the pathology of this tumor. Subsequently, we discussed imaging methods and the role of currently used therapies, including surgery and the limitations of chemo and radiotherapy. Finally, in this review, we presented novel targeted therapies, including those at ongoing clinical trials, which can be a potential future target in designing new therapeutics for patients with CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E. Zając
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Sylwia Kopeć
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Bartłomiej Szostakowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Mateusz J. Spałek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Bylina
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
- Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Filipowicz
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tysarowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.Z.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.S.); (E.B.); (P.F.); (P.R.)
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13
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B Cell Receptor signaling and genetic lesions in TP53 and CDKN2A/CDKN2B cooperate in Richter Transformation. Blood 2021; 138:1053-1066. [PMID: 33900379 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell receptor (BCR) signals play a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but their role in regulating CLL cell proliferation has still not been firmly established. Unlike normal B cells, CLL cells do not proliferate in vitro upon engagement of the BCR, suggesting that CLL cell proliferation is regulated by other signals from the microenvironment, such as those provided by Toll-like receptors or T cells. Here, we report that BCR engagement of human and murine CLL cells induces several positive regulators of the cell cycle, but simultaneously induces the negative regulators CDKN1A, CDKN2A and CDKN2B, which block cell cycle progression. We further show that introduction of genetic lesions that downregulate these cell cycle inhibitors, such as inactivating lesions in CDKN2A, CDKN2B and the CDKN1A regulator TP53, leads to more aggressive disease in a murine in vivo CLL model and spontaneous proliferation in vitro that is BCR-dependent but independent of costimulatory signals. Importantly, inactivating lesions in CDKN2A, CDKN2B and TP53 frequently co-occur in Richter syndrome, and BCR stimulation of human Richter syndrome cells with such lesions is sufficient to induce proliferation. We also show that tumor cells with combined TP53 and CDKN2A/2B abnormalities remain sensitive to BCR inhibitor treatment and are synergistically sensitive to the combination of a BCR and CDK4/6 inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. These data provide evidence that BCR signals are directly involved in driving CLL cell proliferation and reveal a novel mechanism of Richter transformation.
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Huang L, Shen Y, Liu C, Li C, Wang J. [Palbociclib induces cell cycle arrest and senescence of human renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1784-1792. [PMID: 33380388 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of palbociclib on cell cycle progression and proliferation of human renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS Human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was treated with 1, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L of palbociclib, and the changes in cell proliferation and viability were examined by cell counting and CCK8 assay. EDU staining was used to assess the proliferation of HK-2 cells following palbiciclib treatment at different concentrations for 5 days. The effect of palbociclib on cell cycle distribution of HK-2 cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. SA-β-Gal staining and C12FDG senescence staining were used to detect senescence phenotypes of HK-2 cells after palbociclib treatment at different concentrations for 5 days. The relative mRNA expression levels of P16, P21, and P53 and the genes associated with senescence-related secretion phenotypes were detected by RT-PCR, and the protein expressions of P16, P21 and P53 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Palbociclib inhibited HK-2 cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Compared with the control cells, HK-2 cells treated with high-dose (10 μmol/L) palbociclib exhibited significantly suppressed cell proliferation activity, and the inhibitory effect was the most obvious on day 5 (P < 0.01). Palbociclib treatment significantly reduced the number of cells in S phase (P < 0.01) and induced senescence of HK-2 cells. The results of SA-β-Gal and C12FDG senescence staining showed a significantly enhanced activity of intracellular senescence-related galactosidase in palbociclib-treated HK-2 cells, suggesting significant senescence of the cells (P < 0.01). RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that palbociclib treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of P16, P21, and P53 in HK-2 cells (P < 0.01); the mRNA expression levels of senescence-related secretory factors also increased significantly in HK-2 cells after palbociclib treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Palbociclib induces HK-2 cell senescence by causing cell growth arrest and delaying cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Caizhen Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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15
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Digiacomo G, Fumarola C, La Monica S, Bonelli MA, Cretella D, Alfieri R, Cavazzoni A, Galetti M, Bertolini P, Missale G, Petronini PG. Simultaneous Combination of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib With Regorafenib Induces Enhanced Anti-tumor Effects in Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2020; 10:563249. [PMID: 33072590 PMCID: PMC7539564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.563249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Alterations of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-Rb pathway occur frequently in HCC, providing the rationale for its targeting at least in a molecular subset of HCC. In a panel of HCC cell lines, we investigated whether the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib might improve the efficacy of regorafenib, a powerful multi-kinase inhibitor approved as second-line treatment for advanced HCC after sorafenib failure and currently under clinical investigation as first-line therapy in combination with immunotherapy. In Rb-proficient cells, the simultaneous drug combination, but not the sequential schedules, inhibited cell proliferation, either in short or in long-term experiments, and induced cell death more strongly than individual treatments. Moreover, the combination significantly reduced spheroid cell growth and inhibited cell migration/invasion. The superior efficacy of palbociclib plus regorafenib emerged also under hypoxia and was associated with a significant down-regulation of CDK4/6-Rb-myc and mTORC1/p70S6K signaling. Moreover, regorafenib suppressed palbociclib-induced expression of cyclin D1 contributing to the cytotoxic effects of the combination. Besides these inhibitory effects on cell viability/proliferation, palbociclib and regorafenib reduced glucose uptake, although this effect was dependent on the cell model and on the oxygen availability (normoxia or hypoxia). Palbociclib and regorafenib combination impaired glucose uptake and utilization, down-regulating basal and hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, GLUT-1, and MCT4 proteins as well as the activity/expression of glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PFKP, aldolase A, PKM2). In addition, regorafenib alone reduced mitochondrial respiration. The combined treatment impaired glucose metabolism and respiration without enhancing the effects of the single agents. Our findings provide pre-clinical evidence for the effectiveness of palbociclib and regorafenib combination in HCC cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Fumarola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia La Monica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mara A Bonelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Cretella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maricla Galetti
- Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL) Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bertolini
- Paediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Roche ME, Lin Z, Whitaker-Menezes D, Zhan T, Szuhai K, Bovee JVMG, Abraham JA, Jiang W, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Basu-Mallick A. Translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex subunit 20 (TOMM20) facilitates cancer aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in chondrosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165962. [PMID: 32920118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary bone malignancy, representing one fourth of all primary bone sarcomas. It is typically resistant to radiation and chemotherapy treatments. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to cancer aggressiveness in chondrosarcomas remain poorly characterized. Here, we studied the role of mitochondrial transporters in chondrosarcoma aggressiveness including chemotherapy resistance. Histological grade along with stage are the most important prognostic biomarkers in chondrosarcoma. We found that high-grade human chondrosarcoma tumors have higher expression of the mitochondrial protein, translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane complex subunit 20 (TOMM20), compared to low-grade tumors. TOMM20 overexpression in human chondrosarcoma cells induces chondrosarcoma tumor growth in vivo. TOMM20 drives proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance. Also, TOMM20 induces markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metabolic reprogramming in these mesenchymal tumors. In conclusion, TOMM20 drives chondrosarcoma aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Roche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Biostatistics, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | | | - John A Abraham
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Atrayee Basu-Mallick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
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17
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Targeting CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase) amplification in liposarcoma: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Non-Conventional Treatments for Conventional Chondrosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071962. [PMID: 32707689 PMCID: PMC7409290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are the most common malignant tumors of the cartilage, are seen predominantly in adults, and have varied clinical behavior. The majority of them affect the medullary canal of long bones and pelvic bones. The prognosis of chondrosarcoma is closely related to histological grading; however, the grading is subject to interobserver variability. Conventional chondrosarcomas are overall considered to be chemotherapy- and radiation-resistant, resulting in limited treatment options. The majority of advanced conventional chondrosarcomas are treated with chemotherapy without any survival benefit. Recent studies have evaluated molecular genetic findings which have improved the understanding of chondrosarcoma biology. Newer therapeutic targets are desperately needed. In this review article, we explore ongoing clinical trials evaluating novel ways of treating advanced conventional chondrosarcoma.
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19
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CDKs in Sarcoma: Mediators of Disease and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083018. [PMID: 32344731 PMCID: PMC7215455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas represent one of the most challenging tumor types to treat due to their diverse nature and our incomplete understanding of their underlying biology. Recent work suggests cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway activation is a powerful driver of sarcomagenesis. CDK proteins participate in numerous cellular processes required for normal cell function, but their dysregulation is a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer. The contributions and significance of aberrant CDK activity to sarcoma development, however, is only partly understood. Here, we describe what is known about CDK-related alterations in the most common subtypes of sarcoma and highlight areas that warrant further investigation. As disruptions in CDK pathways appear in most, if not all, subtypes of sarcoma, we discuss the history and value of pharmacologically targeting CDKs to combat these tumors. The goals of this review are to (1) assess the prevalence and importance of CDK pathway alterations in sarcomas, (2) highlight the gap in knowledge for certain CDKs in these tumors, and (3) provide insight into studies focused on CDK inhibition for sarcoma treatment. Overall, growing evidence demonstrates a crucial role for activated CDKs in sarcoma development and as important targets for sarcoma therapy.
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20
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Ouyang Z, Tan T, Zhang X, Wan J, Zhou Y, Jiang G, Yang D, Guo X, Liu T. CircRNA hsa_circ_0074834 promotes the osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling process in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by acting as a ceRNA for miR-942-5p. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:932. [PMID: 31804461 PMCID: PMC6895238 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue has a strong ability to repair itself. When treated properly, most fractures will heal well. However, some fractures are difficult to heal. When a fracture does not heal, it is called nonunion. Approximately, 5% of all fracture patients have difficulty healing. Because of the continuous movement of the fracture site, bone nonunion is usually accompanied by pain, which greatly reduces the quality of life of patients. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play an important role in the process of nonunion. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique kind of noncoding RNA and represent the latest research hotspot in the RNA field. At present, no studies have reported a role of circRNAs in the development of nonunion. After isolation of BMSCs from patients with nonunion, the expression of circRNAs in these cells was detected by using a circRNA microarray. Alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red staining were used to detect the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by hsa_circ_0074834. The target gene of hsa_circ_0074834 was detected by RNA pull-down and double-luciferase reporter assay. The ability of hsa_circ_0074834 to regulate the osteogenesis of BMSCs in vivo was tested by heterotopic osteogenesis and single cortical bone defect experiments. The results showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0074834 in BMSCs from patients with nonunion was decreased. Hsa_circ_0074834 acts as a ceRNA to regulate the expression of ZEB1 and VEGF through microRNA-942-5p. Hsa_circ_0074834 can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the repair of bone defects. These results suggest that circRNAs may be a key target for the treatment of nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Rd., Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Daishui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
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21
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Jie S, Guo X, Ouyang Z. Tumor ablation using novel photothermal Na xWO 3 nanoparticles against breast cancer osteolytic bone metastasis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7353-7362. [PMID: 31571856 PMCID: PMC6750009 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Profiting from the development of nanomaterials, photothermal therapy (PTT) has been discovered as efficient tumor ablation strategy for breast cancer. Materials and methods Novel oxygen vacancy-rich tungsten bronze nanoparticles (NaxWO3) were synthesized through a simple pyrogenic decomposition process. TEM, XRD, UV-vis-NIR, photothermal conversion ability, and photothermal stability were performed. The viabilities of 293T and 4T1 cells after treating with 200 μg/mL NaxWO3 nanoparticles for 24 or 48 hrs were both above 80%, which proved the good biosafety and cytotoxicity of NaxWO3 in vitro. Two in vivo breast cancer models, namely percutaneous and intratibial 4T1 models were established and NaxWO3 (20 mg/kg) with power intensity of 1.5 W/cm2 980 nm laser photothermal treatment was used in vivo. Results We successfully synthesized ~150 nm NaxWO3 nanoparticles with desirable PTT effects, as evidenced by the temperature increase from 25.8°C to 41.8°C in 5 mins under the irradiation of 980 nm laser (1 mg/mL). Also, cellular compatibility of NaxWO3 nanoparticles was found upon physiologic 293T cells, in contrast with significant cytotoxicity against breast cancer 4T1 cell in vitro dose-dependently. Besides, two in vivo breast cancer models showed the decent tumor ablation ability of NaxWO3 nanoparticles, demonstrating percutaneous 4T1 tumor elimination without recurrence during 2 weeks observation as well as intratibial breast cancer inhibition with decreased bone destruction and tumor volume after NaxWO3+PTT in vivo. Conclusion For the first time, we developed a novel oxygen vacancy-rich tungsten bronze nanoparticles (NaxWO3) through a simple pyrogenic decomposition process for PTT. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed the good PTT ability and tumor ablation effects of synthesized NaxWO3 nanoparticles against breast cancer osteolytic bone metastasis. Additionally, our oxygen-deficient NaxWO3 nanoparticles will expand the research horizons of PTT nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
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MacDonald IJ, Lin CY, Kuo SJ, Su CM, Tang CH. An update on current and future treatment options for chondrosarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:773-786. [PMID: 31462102 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1659731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Human chondrosarcomas (CS; a malignant cartilage-forming bone tumor) respond poorly to chemotherapy and radiation treatment, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Expanded treatment options are urgently needed. Areas covered: This article updates our 2014 review, in which we evaluated the CS treatments available at that time and potential treatment options under investigation. Since then, advances in research findings, particularly from Chinese herbal medicines, may be bringing us closer to more effective therapies for CS. In particular, promising findings have been reported from research targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Expert opinion: Few treatment options exist for CS; chemotherapy is not even an option for unresectable disease, in which 5-year survival rates are just 2%. New information about the multitude of genes and signaling pathways that encourage CS growth, invasion and metastasis are clarifying how certain signaling pathways and plant-derived active compounds, especially molecularly-targeted therapies that inhibit the PDGF receptor, interfering with these biological processes. This review summarizes discoveries from the last 5 years and discusses how these findings are fueling ongoing work into effectively dealing with the disease process and improving the treatment of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona J MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ming Su
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
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23
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Ouyang Z, Huang Q, Liu B, Wu H, Liu T, Liu Y. Rubidium Chloride Targets Jnk/p38-Mediated NF-κB Activation to Attenuate Osteoclastogenesis and Facilitate Osteoblastogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:584. [PMID: 31191317 PMCID: PMC6539219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unbalanced crosstalk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts could lead to disruptive bone homeostasis. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of rubidium chloride (RbCl) on ovariectomized (OVX) and titanium (Ti) particle-induced calvaria osteolysis mouse models, showing that non-toxic RbCl attenuated RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation and functionality while significantly enhancing osteogenesis in vitro. The expressions of osteoclast-specific genes were downregulated considerably by RbCl. Despite the direct inhibition of RANKL-induced activation of MAPK signaling, RbCl was able to target NF-κB directly and indirectly. We found that after the co-stimulation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk)/p38 activator and RANKL, RbCl inhibited the elevated expression of p-IKKα and the degradation of IκBα in osteoclast precursors, indicating indirect NF-κB inhibition via MAPK suppression. Furthermore, the two animal models demonstrated that RbCl attenuated tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP)-positive osteoclastogenesis and rescued bone loss caused by the hormonal dysfunction and wear particle in vivo. Altogether, these findings suggest that RbCl can target Jnk/p38-mediated NF-κB activation to attenuate osteoclastogenesis, while facilitating osteoblastogenesis both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the possible future use of RbCl for surface coating of orthopedic implant biomaterials to protect against osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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