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Wu Z, Zhang Q, Wang H, Zhou S, Fu B, Fang L, Cheng JC, Sun YP. Growth differentiation factor-11 upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression by inducing Snail in human extravillous trophoblast cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 585:112190. [PMID: 38369181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell invasion is an important process during placentation. Although the placenta is normal tissue, the EVT cells exhibit some features common to cancer cells, including high migratory and invasive properties. Snail and Slug are transcription factors that mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial event for cancer cell migration and invasion. It has been shown that GDF-11-induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression is required for EVT cell invasion. Whether GDF-11 can regulate Snail and Slug expression in human EVT cells remains unknown. If it does, the involvement of Snail and Slug in GDF-11-induced MMP2 expression and EVT cell invasion must also be defined. In the present study, using the immortalized human EVT cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, and primary cultures of human EVT cells as experimental models, our results show that GDF-11 upregulates Snail and Slug expression. ALK4 and ALK5 mediate the stimulatory effects of GDF-11 on Snail and Slug expression. In addition, we demonstrate that SMAD2 and SMAD3 are required for the GDF-11-upregulated Snail expression, while only SMAD3 is involved in GDF-11-induced Slug expression. Moreover, our results reveal that Snail mediates GDF-11-induced MMP2 expression and cell invasion but not Slug. This study increases our understanding of the biological function of GDF-11 in human EVT cells and provides a novel mechanism for regulating MMP2 and EVT cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingxin Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lanlan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Yang S, Jia Y, Wu Z, Fu B, Zhou S, Pires LV, Cheng JC, Fang L. Activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor stimulates placental human chorionic gonadotropin expression through PKA-CREB signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112033. [PMID: 37506871 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The placenta-secreted human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that plays a critical role in inducing ovarian progesterone production, which is required for maintaining normal pregnancy. The bioavailability of hCG depends on the expression of the beta-subunit of hCG (hCG-β) which is encoded by the chorionic gonadotropin beta (CGB) gene. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a membrane estrogen receptor involved in non-genomic estrogen signaling. Estradiol (E2) has been shown to stimulate hCG production. However, the role of the GPER in regulating CGB expression remains unknown. In the present study, our results revealed that treatment with G1 upregulated CGB expression in two human choriocarcinoma cell lines, BeWo and JEG-3, and primary human cytotrophoblast cells. In addition, G1 treatment activated the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). Using a pharmacological inhibitor and siRNA-mediated knockdown approach, we showed that the stimulatory effect of G1 on CGB expression is mediated by the protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB signaling pathway. This study increases the understanding of the role of GPER in the human placenta. In addition, our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms that mediate hCG expression, which may lead to the development of alternative therapeutic approaches for treating placental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhu Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leticia Vicosa Pires
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Lanlan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Lan Z, Lv Z, Zuo W, Xiao Y. From bench to bedside: The promise of sotatercept in hematologic disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115239. [PMID: 37516019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sotatercept (ACE-011) is an activin receptor IIA-Fc (ActRIIA-Fc) fusion protein currently under investigation for its potential in the treatment of hematologic diseases. By impeding the activities of the overexpressed growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), activin A, and other members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, commonly found in hematologic disorders, sotatercept aims to restore the normal functioning of red blood cell maturation and osteoblast differentiation. This action is anticipated to enhance anemia management and hinder the progression of myeloma. Simultaneously, comprehensive research is ongoing to investigate sotatercept's pharmacokinetics and potential adverse reactions, thus laying a robust foundation for its prospective clinical use. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of TGF-β pathways in physiological and hematologic disorder contexts, outline the potential mechanism of sotatercept, and delve into its pharmacokinetics and clinical research advancements in various hematologic diseases. A particular emphasis is given to the relationship between sotatercept dosage and its efficacy or associated adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhaohua Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wanyun Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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