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Zhang F, Ju J, Diao H, Song J, Bian Y, Yang B. Innovative pharmacotherapy for hepatic metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases in China. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38514420 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease constitutes a significant global health concern, particularly in China where it has distinctive characteristics. China grapples with a staggering 300 million cases, predominantly due to hepatitis B and metabolic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Additionally, hepatocellular carcinoma has become a prevalent which is a lethal type of cancer. Despite the scarcity of innovative treatment options, Chinese hepatologists and researchers have achieved notable breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment of liver diseases. Traditional Chinese medicines have found widespread application in the treatment of various liver ailments owing to their commendable pharmacological efficacy and minimal side effects. Furthermore, there is a growing body of research in extracellular vesicles, cell therapy and gene therapy, offering new hope in the fight against liver diseases. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological characteristics of liver diseases and the diverse array of treatments that Chinese scholars and scientists have pursued in critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaming Ju
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Diao
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinglun Song
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Bian
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Choi HN, Kim JI. Daraesoon (shoot of hardy kiwi) mitigates hyperglycemia in db/db mice by alleviating insulin resistance and inflammation. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:88-97. [PMID: 38352218 PMCID: PMC10861346 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mitigating insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is associated with a decreased risk of diabetic complications. The effect of Daraesoon (shoot of hardy kiwi, Actinidia arguta) on hyperglycemia was investigated using a type 2 diabetes animal model. MATERIALS/METHODS Seven-week-old db/db mice were fed either an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 0.4% of a 70% ethanol extract of Daraesoon, whereas db/+ mice were fed the AIN-93G diet for 7 weeks. RESULTS Consumption of Daraesoon significantly reduced serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels, along with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance in db/db mice. Conversely, Daraesoon elevated the serum adiponectin levels compared to the db/db control group. Furthermore, Daraesoon significantly decreased both serum and hepatic triglyceride levels, as well as serum total cholesterol levels. Additionally, consumption of Daraesoon resulted in decreased hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that hypoglycemic effect of Daraesoon is mediated through the improvement of insulin resistance and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Neul Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Jung-In Kim
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
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Li D, Yuan X, Dong S, Al-Dhamin Z, Du J, Fu N, Nan Y. Heme oxygenase-1 prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulating mitochondrial quality control. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13918. [PMID: 36602456 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and lacks effective treatment options. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a critical defense against oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver injury. This study aims to investigate the protective role and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 in NASH pathogenesis. METHODS The hepatocyte-specific HO-1 knockout (HO-1HEPKO ) mice on a C57BL/6J background (HO-1fl/fl /Alb-Cre) were generated and fed a high-fat/western-style diet (HFD) or methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD). Changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. A mitochondrial PCR array was used to identify the crucial genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific HO-1HEPKO mice developed steatohepatitis with severe steatosis, ballooning, and necroinflammation. Dysregulated hepatic expression of mitochondria-related proteins, including DRP1, Tomm20, MFN1 and MFN2 were detected in NASH animals. Ultrastructural mitochondrial damage was observed in HO-1HEPKO mice. Mitochondrial dysfunction was recapitulated in HO-1-knockdown cells in vitro, as evidenced by decreased membrane potential, reduced ATP content, and mtDNA damage. Conversely, HO-1 overexpression restored these changes in vitro. Mechanistically, HO-1 deficiency reduced the inhibitory effect on Tomm20, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, and thereby causing steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 attenuates diet-induced steatohepatitis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating that HO-1 may constitute a potential therapeutic target for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiwei Yuan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiming Dong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zaid Al-Dhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinghua Du
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Wang J, Yang L, Yu X, Huang P, Song H, Zheng P. Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis improves lipid metabolism of NAFLD by regulating the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:213. [PMID: 35945571 PMCID: PMC9361555 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis (SNN), the extract of Chinese herbal medicine, has shown effects on NAFLD. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of SNN for regulating the lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD based on the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway.
Methods
Male C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) were used to establish the NAFLD model. Dynamic changes of mice including body weight, liver weight, serological biochemical indexes, liver histopathological changes, and protein level of AMPK and SIRT1 were monitored. After18 weeks, SNN treatment was administrated to the NAFLD mice for another 4 weeks. Besides the aforementioned indices, TC and TG of liver tissues were also measured. Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR were used to detect the expression and/or activation of SIRT1 and AMPK, as well as the molecules associated with lipid synthesis and β-oxidation. Furthermore, AML12 cells with lipid accumulation induced by fatty acids were treated with LZG and EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) or Compound C (AMPK inhibitor ) to confirm the potential pharmacological mechanism.
Results
Dynamic observation found the mice induced by HFD with gradually increased body and liver weight, elevated serum cholesterol, hepatic lipid accumulation, and liver injury. After 16 weeks, these indicators have shown obvious changes. Additionally, the hepatic level of SIRT1 and AMPK activation was identified gradually decreased with NAFLD progress. The mice with SNN administration had lower body weight, liver weight, and serum level of LDL-c and ALT than those of the NAFLD model. Hepatosteatosis and hepatic TG content in the liver tissues of the SNN group were significantly reduced. When compared with control mice, the NAFLD mice had significantly decreased hepatic expression of SIRT1, p-AMPK, p-ACC, ACOX1, and increased total Acetylated-lysine, SUV39H2, and SREBP-1c. The administration of SNN reversed the expression of these molecules. In vitro experiments showed the effect of SNN in ameliorating hepatosteatosis and regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in AML12 cells, which were diminished by EX527 or Compound C co-incubation.
Conclusions
Taken together, the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway, involved in hepatic lipid synthesis and degradation, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD development. The regulation of SIRT1/AMPK signaling greatly contributes to the underlying therapeutic mechanism of SNN for NAFLD.
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Jiang Y, Xu J, Huang P, Yang L, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang J, Song H, Zheng P. Scoparone Improves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Alleviating JNK/Sab Signaling Pathway-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863756. [PMID: 35592421 PMCID: PMC9110978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) specifically combined with SH3 domain-binding protein 5 (Sab) may mediate damage to the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Whether mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the JNK/Sab signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the lipotoxic injury of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains a lack of evidence. Scoparone, a natural compound from Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs, has the potential for liver protection and lipid metabolism regulation. However, the effect of scoparone on NASH induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) as well as its underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The HepG2 and Huh7 cells with/without Sab-knockdown induced by palmitic acid (PA) were used to determine the role of JNK/Sab signaling in mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular lipotoxic injury. To observe the effect of scoparone on the lipotoxic injured hepatocytes, different dose of scoparone together with PA was mixed into the culture medium of HepG2 and AML12 cells to incubate for 24 h. In addition, male C57BL/6J mice were fed with an HFD for 22 weeks to induce the NASH model and were treated with scoparone for another 8 weeks to investigate its effect on NASH. Molecules related to JNK/Sab signaling, mitochondrial function, and lipotoxic injury were detected in in vitro and/or in vivo experiments. The results showed that PA-induced activation of JNK/Sab signaling was blocked by Sab knockdown in hepatocytes, which improved mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, hepatosteatosis, cell viability, and apoptosis. Scoparone demonstrated a similar effect on the PA-induced hepatocytes as Sab knockdown. For the NASH mice, treatment with scoparone also downregulated the activation of JNK/Sab signaling, improved histopathological changes of liver tissues including mitochondrial number and morphology, lipid peroxide content, hepatosteatosis and inflammation obviously, as well as decreased the serum level of lipid and transaminases. Taken together, this study confirms that activation of the JNK/Sab signaling pathway-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the development of NASH. Scoparone can improve the lipotoxic liver injury partially by suppressing this signaling pathway, making it a potential therapeutic compound for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoya Xu
- Department of Gout, Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen M, Xie Y, Gong S, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhou T, Huang F, Guo X, Zhang H, Huang R, Han Z, Xing Y, Liu Q, Tong G, Zhou H. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105849. [PMID: 34450307 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease in clinical practice. It has been considered that NASH is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and carcinoma. The mechanism of the NASH progression is complex, including lipid metabolism dysfunction, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Except for lifestyle modification and bariatric surgery, there has been no pharmacological therapy that is being officially approved in NASH treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a conventional and effective therapeutic strategy, has been proved to be beneficial in treating NASH in numbers of studies. In the light of this, TCM may provide a potential therapy for treating NASH. In this review, we summarized the associated mechanisms of action TCM treating NASH in preclinical studies and systematically analysis the effectiveness of TCM treating NASH in current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtai Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, PR China
| | - Shenglan Gong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yunqiao Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Tianran Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Furong Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruolan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China.
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Li C, Zhou W, Li M, Shu X, Zhang L, Ji G. Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis extract protects mice against MCD diet-induced steatohepatitis via activation of colonic FXR-FGF15 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111587. [PMID: 33865013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis (SNN) formula is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, and has been confirmed to be effective in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Here we showed that 4-week SNN administration alleviated methionine-choline-deficiency (MCD) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation as well as serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) increase in C57BL/6 mice. Fecal 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that SNN altered the structure of gut microbiota and partially reversed the gut dysbiosis. Simultaneously, we analyzed the fecal BA profile using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQMS) -based metabolomics, and found that SNN modulated fecal BA profile, predominantly increased the microbiomes related BA species (e.g. nordeoxycholic acid) which in turn, activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling pathway in the colon but not the ileum. The activation of intestinal FXR-FGF15 signaling was accompanied by increase of liver protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) phosphorylation, and decrease of p-65 subunit of NF-κB phosphorylation, resulting in less liver CD68 positive macrophages, and inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α expression. Our results established the link between SNN treatment, gut microbiota, BA profile and NASH, which might shed light into the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of SNN on NASH, thus provide evidence for the clinical application of SNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangbing Shu
- Department of Geratology, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Regulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress by tocotrienol in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Lai J, Peng L, Chen H, Li R, Liu L, Liu J, Shi X. Amino acid sequence identification and anti-inflammatory potency evaluation of dandelion oligopeptides in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S. Biochemical and histopathological assessment of liver in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13371. [PMID: 32744348 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress status, antioxidants capacity, and presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an animal model of MetS induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. Male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, assigned for two different types of diet (standard rat pellet or HCHF diet) for 20 weeks. Liver was excised, weighed, and subjected to lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO·) production, antioxidants activity, and histological assessment. The HCHF rats had higher lipid peroxidation and NO· level but lower enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels than the normal animals. Histological evaluation revealed higher lobular inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning, NAFLD activity score, and lipid accumulation in the liver of HCHF group. In conclusion, the HCHF diet causes an increase in oxidative stress, depletion of antioxidants capacity, NAFLD, and liver injury. The induction of oxidative stress may be partially responsible for the development of NAFLD in MetS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The prevalence of MetS is estimated to increase rapidly with the escalating levels of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A suitable animal model of MetS that best mimicked the human disease state with known underlying mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of MetS is indispensable to search for potential adjunct therapies and drug targets. Thus, our current study elucidated the involvement of oxidative stress in linking MetS and NAFLD which might resemble the pathogenesis of MetS among Southeast Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Background General overnutrition is one of the key factors involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common liver disease occur by two steps of liver injury ranges from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here the effect of fructose, fat-rich and western diet (WD) feeding was studied along with aggravative effect of cigarette smoking on liver status in mice. Methods Sixty-four male NMRI mice were included in this study and assigned into 4 groups that fed standard, fructose-rich, high fat-, and western-diet for 8 weeks and then each group divided in two smoker and nonsmoker subgroups according to smoke exposing in the last 4 weeks of feeding time (n = 8). Histopathological studies, serum biochemical analyses and hepatic TNF-α level were evaluated in mice to compare alone or combination effects of dietary regimen and cigarette smoking. Results Serum liver enzymes and lipid profile levels in WD fed mice were significantly higher than in other studied diets. Exposing to cigarette smoke led to more elevation of serum biochemical parameters that was also accompanied by a significant increase in hepatic damage shown as more severe fat accumulation, hepatocyte ballooning and inflammation infiltrate. Elevated TNF-α level confirmed incidence of liver injury. Conclusion The finding of this study demonstrated that a combination of cigarette smoke exposure and WD (rich in fat, fructose, and cholesterol) could induce a more reliable mouse model of NASH.
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Li X, Li N, Wang Q, Liu Y, Liang Q, Shao Z, Zhang N, Zhao T, Peng L, Li P. Tangshen Formula Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway. Front Physiol 2019; 10:494. [PMID: 31105592 PMCID: PMC6498888 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tangshen formula (TSF), a formula of Chinese herbal medicine, improves lipid metabolism in humans and animals with diabetic kidney disease. However, the effect and mechanism of TSF on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear. The activation of autophagy appears to be a potential mechanism for improving NAFLD. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect of TSF on hepatic steatosis and sought to explore whether its effect is related to activating autophagy. Here, we showed that TSF treatment significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis in both high-fat diet (HFD) and methionine choline-deficient diet (MCDD)-fed mice. Meanwhile, TSF reduced lipid accumulation in palmitate (PA)-stimulated HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, TSF increased Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and promoted autophagy activation in vivo. TSF also improved PA-induced suppression of both SIRT1 expression and SIRT1-dependent autophagy, thereby alleviating intracellular lipid accumulation in vitro. In addition, TSF increased SIRT1 expression and induced autophagy in an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. Moreover, SIRT1 knockdown abolished the autophagy-inducing and lipid-lowering effects of TSF. In conclusion, TSF improved lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis by inducing the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Zeng J, Zhu B, Su M. Autophagy is involved in acetylshikonin ameliorating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through AMPK/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1645-1650. [PMID: 30055803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetylshikonin (AS), a naphthoquinone constituent derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been revealed various pharmacological activities including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and antifertility effects. Our previous study has illuminated the effects of AS on preventing obesity and hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. However, the effects of AS and the molecular mechanisms for curing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have not yet been studied. Autophagy has been considered as a lysosomal degradative pathway responsible for the removal of cellular lipid droplets through a process called lipophagy, which is recognized as a potential therapeutic approach for NASH. Here we hypothesize that autophagy is involved in the beneficial effects of AS on methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH of mice. In this study, we observed that AS treatment ameliorated the pathological signs of NASH, and markedly suppressed the levels of hepatic IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines, and hepatocyte apoptotic cells in MCD diet-induced mice. Moreover, immunological analyses showed that the elevated expression of the fibrotic markers including α-SMA, collegen I, collegen III and fibronectin in MCD diet-induced mice were notably down-regulated by AS treatment. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects of AS on ameliorating NASH were notably counteracted by co-administration of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. Furthermore, our data suggested that AS treatment increased hepatocyte autophagy in MCD diet-induced mice via AMPK/mTOR pathway. These findings suggest that AS could be therapeutically effective in the development of NASH by ameliorating steatosis, inflammation, liver injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banghao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Su
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Extracts of Salvia-Nelumbinis Naturalis Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via Inhibiting Gut-Derived Endotoxin Mediated TLR4/NF- κB Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9208314. [PMID: 28831287 PMCID: PMC5555014 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9208314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is featured by the presence of hepatic steatosis combined with inflammation and hepatocellular injury. Gut-derived endotoxin plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NASH. Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis (SNN), a formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been identified to be effective for NASH, but the mechanisms were not thoroughly explored. In the present study, a NASH model was generated using C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) supplemented periodically with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 12 weeks. Mice fed HFD alone (without DSS) or chow diet were used as controls. The NASH mice were given the SNN extracts in the following 4 weeks, while control mice were provided with saline. Mice fed HFD developed steatosis, and DSS supplementation resulted in NASH. The SNN extracts significantly improved metabolic disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, and liver steatosis and reduced hepatic inflammation, circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. The beneficial effect of the SNN extracts was associated with restoration of intestinal conditions (microbiota, integrity of intestinal barrier) and inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB activation. These results suggest that the SNN extracts ameliorate NASH progression, possibly through blocking endotoxin related TLR4/NF-κB activation.
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15
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Salvia-Nelumbinis Naturalis Formula Improved Inflammation in LPS Stressed Macrophages via Upregulating MicroRNA-152. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5842747. [PMID: 28167852 PMCID: PMC5266850 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5842747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis (SNN) formula is an effective agent in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, the precise mechanisms are still undefined. Activation of Kupffer cells by gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of NASH. In the present study, we aimed to explore the epigenetic regulation of microRNAs under the beneficial effects of SNN-containing serum in LPS stressed macrophages. Kupffer cells were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and treated with LPS or LPS and SNN-containing serum; the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was assessed. By using microarray chips, we investigated differentially expressed microRNA profiles to decipher the underlining mechanisms of SNN-containing serum. It was revealed that SNN-containing serum decreased TNF-α and IL-6 expression, and microRNA-152 was identified as the potential epigenetic regulator. We further verified the pharmacological effects in Raw264.7 cells; while transfection with miRNA-152 mimics could reduce TNF-α and IL-6, transfection with miRNA-152 inhibitor blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of SNN-containing serum. These results suggested that SNN-containing serum could improve inflammation in LPS stressed Kupffer cells and macrophages via upregulating microRNA-152.
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16
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Yokota SI, Ando M, Aoyama S, Nakamura K, Shibata S. Leucine restores murine hepatic triglyceride accumulation induced by a low-protein diet by suppressing autophagy and excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress. Amino Acids 2015; 48:1013-1021. [PMID: 26707165 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that a low-protein diet induces hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation in both rodents and humans, little is known about the underlying mechanism. In the present study, we modeled hepatic TG accumulation by inducing dietary protein deficiency in mice and aimed to determine whether certain amino acids could prevent low-protein diet-induced TG accumulation in the mouse liver. Mice fed a diet consisting of 3 % casein (3C diet) for 7 days showed hepatic TG accumulation with up-regulation of TG synthesis for the Acc gene and down-regulation of TG-rich lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes for Mttp genes. Supplementing the 3 % casein diet with essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, or the single amino acid leucine rescued hepatic TG accumulation. In the livers of mice fed the 3 % casein diet, we observed a decrease in the levels of the autophagy substrate p62, an increase in the expression levels of the autophagy marker LC3-II, and an increase in the splicing of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent Xbp1 gene. Leucine supplementation to the 3 % casein diet did not affect genes related to lipid metabolism, but inhibited the decrease in p62, the increase in LC3-II, and the increase in Xbp1 splicing levels in the liver. Our results suggest that ER stress responses and activated autophagy play critical roles in low-protein diet-induced hepatic TG accumulation in mice, and that leucine suppresses these two major protein degradation systems. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms of hepatic disorders of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Yokota
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Ando
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shinya Aoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kawai Nakamura
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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Ryu JE, Jo W, Choi HJ, Jang S, Lee HJ, Woo DC, Kim JK, Kim KW, Yu ES, Son WC. Evaluation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in C57BL/6J Mice by Using MRI and Histopathologic Analyses. Comp Med 2015; 65:409-415. [PMID: 26473344 PMCID: PMC4617331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ultimately death. Magnetic resonance techniques are accurate, noninvasive methods for evaluating hepatic steatosis but, in animals, have not been fully validated against histologic findings. We sought to validate the MRI fat-signal fraction (MRI-FSF) used for diagnosing NAFLD in human nonclinical trials by comparing MRI data with histopathologic findings in C57BL/6J mice (n = 24) fed normal chow (controls) or a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce NAFLD. Axial T2-weighted fast spin-echo images were used to examine the entire liver. For histopathologic analyses, liver slides were evaluated for hepatic steatosis according to the NAFLD activity score. Pearson correlation coefficient and receiver operating characteristics analyses were performed. According to the fat-fraction signal, the mean percentage of liver fat in mice with induced NAFLD was 57%, which correlated with the histologically determined steatosis grade. The proton-density fat fraction effectively distinguished severe from mild hepatic steatosis, with an AUC of 0.92. Evaluation accuracy decreased when lobular inflammation and hepatocellular ballooning were considered. This study showed strong concurrence between MRI-FSF and histopathologic steatosis in a murine model of NAFLD. MRI-FSF had moderate sensitivity and specificity in this context. These results confirm that the MRI is a useful biomarker of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD in murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Jo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Choi
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoong Jang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheul Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sil Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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