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Zheng YQ, Huang HH, Chen SX, Xu XE, Li ZM, Li YH, Chen SZ, Luo WX, Guo Y, Liu W, Li EM, Xu LY. Discovery and validation of combined biomarkers for the diagnosis of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Proteomics 2024; 304:105233. [PMID: 38925350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and intervention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) can improve the prognosis. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers for ESCC and esophageal precancerous lesions (intraepithelial neoplasia, IEN). Based on the proteomic and genomic data of esophageal tissue including previously reported data, up-regulated proteins with copy number amplification in esophageal cancer were screened as candidate biomarkers. Five proteins, including KDM2A, RAD9A, ECT2, CYHR1 and TONSL, were confirmed by immunohistochemistry on ESCC and normal esophagus (NE). Then, we investigated the expression of 5 proteins in 236 participants (60 NEs, 93 IENs and 83 ESCCs) which were randomly divided into training set and test set. When distinguishing ESCC from NE, the area under curve (AUC) of the multiprotein model was 0.940 in the training set, while the lowest AUC of a protein was 0.735. In the test set, the results were similar. When distinguishing ESCC from IEN or distinguishing IEN from NE, the diagnostic efficiency of the multi-protein models were also improved compared with that of single protein. Our findings suggest that combined detection of KDM2A, RAD9A, ECT2, CYHR1 and TONSL can be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ESCC and precancerous lesion development prediction. SIGNIFICANCE: Candidate biomarkers including KDM2A, RAD9A, ECT2, CYHR1 and TONSL screened by integrating genomic and proteomic data from the esophagus can be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesion development prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Hai-Hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shu-Xian Chen
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhi-Mao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yue-Hong Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Su-Zuan Chen
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Luo
- Department of Endoscopy, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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2
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Jurenaite N, León-Periñán D, Donath V, Torge S, Jäkel R. SetQuence & SetOmic: Deep set transformers for whole genome and exome tumour analysis. Biosystems 2024; 235:105095. [PMID: 38065399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In oncology, Deep Learning has shown great potential to personalise tasks such as tumour type classification, based on per-patient omics data-sets. Being high dimensional, incorporation of such data in one model is a challenge, often leading to one-dimensional studies and, therefore, information loss. Instead, we first propose relying on non-fixed sets of whole genome or whole exome variant-associated sequences, which can be used for supervised learning of oncology-relevant tasks by our Set Transformer based Deep Neural Network, SetQuence. We optimise this architecture to improve its efficiency. This allows for exploration of not just coding but also non-coding variants, from large datasets. Second, we extend the model to incorporate these representations together with multiple other sources of omics data in a flexible way with SetOmic. Evaluation, using these representations, shows improved robustness and reduced information loss compared to previous approaches, while still being computationally tractable. By means of Explainable Artificial Intelligence methods, our models are able to recapitulate the biological contribution of highly attributed features in the tumours studied. This validation opens the door to novel directions in multi-faceted genome and exome wide biomarker discovery and personalised treatment among other presently clinically relevant tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Jurenaite
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str 46b, Dresden, 01187, Saxony, Germany.
| | - Daniel León-Periñán
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str 46b, Dresden, 01187, Saxony, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Hannoversche Str. 28, Berlin, 10115, Germany.
| | - Veronika Donath
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str 46b, Dresden, 01187, Saxony, Germany.
| | - Sunna Torge
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str 46b, Dresden, 01187, Saxony, Germany.
| | - René Jäkel
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str 46b, Dresden, 01187, Saxony, Germany.
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4
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Wu W, Liu S, Tian L, Li C, Jiang Y, Wang J, Lv Y, Guo J, Xing D, Zhai Y, Sun H, Li Y, Zhang L, He X, Luo K, Zhan H, Zhao Z. Identification of microtubule-associated biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and prognosis prediction. Front Genet 2023; 13:1092678. [PMID: 36761693 PMCID: PMC9902697 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1092678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with a complicated prognosis. Even though various prognostic evaluations have been applied currently, they usually only use the clinical factors that overlook the molecular underlying DLBCL progression. Therefore, more accurate prognostic assessment needs further exploration. In the present study, we constructed a novel prognostic model based on microtubule associated genes (MAGs). Methods: A total of 33 normal controls and 1360 DLBCL samples containing gene-expression from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were included. Subsequently, the univariate Cox, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to select the best prognosis related genes into the MAGs model. To validate the model, Kaplan-Meier curve, and nomogram were analyzed. Results: A risk score model based on fourteen candidate MAGs (CCDC78, CD300LG, CTAG2, DYNLL2, MAPKAPK2, MREG, NME8, PGK2, RALBP1, SIGLEC1, SLC1A1, SLC39A12, TMEM63A, and WRAP73) was established. The K-M curve presented that the high-risk patients had a significantly inferior overall survival (OS) time compared to low-risk patients in training and validation datasets. Furthermore, knocking-out TMEM63A, a key gene belonging to the MAGs model, inhibited cell proliferation noticeably. Conclusion: The novel MAGs prognostic model has a well predictive capability, which may as a supplement for the current assessments. Furthermore, candidate TMEM63A gene has therapeutic target potentially in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Linyan Tian
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine. Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Lv
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghui Xing
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimeng Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Luying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiping Luo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjie Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Hongjie Zhan, ; Zhigang Zhao,
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine. Nankai University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Hongjie Zhan, ; Zhigang Zhao,
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5
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Liu JY, Liu LP, Li Z, Luo YW, Liang F. The role of cuproptosis-related gene in the classification and prognosis of melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986214. [PMID: 36341437 PMCID: PMC9632664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma, as one of the most aggressive and malignant cancers, ranks first in the lethality rate of skin cancers. Cuproptosis has been shown to paly a role in tumorigenesis, However, the role of cuproptosis in melanoma metastasis are not clear. Studying the correlation beteen the molecular subtypes of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and metastasis of melanoma may provide some guidance for the prognosis of melanoma. Methods We collected 1085 melanoma samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) databases, constructed CRGs molecular subtypes and gene subtypes according to clinical characteristics, and investigated the role of CRGs in melanoma metastasis. We randomly divide the samples into train set and validation set according to the ratio of 1:1. A prognostic model was constructed using data from the train set and then validated on the validation set. We performed tumor microenvironment analysis and drug sensitivity analyses for high and low risk groups based on the outcome of the prognostic model risk score. Finally, we established a metastatic model of melanoma. Results According to the expression levels of 12 cuproptosis-related genes, we obtained three subtypes of A1, B1, and C1. Among them, C1 subtype had the best survival outcome. Based on the differentially expressed genes shared by A1, B1, and C1 genotypes, we obtained the results of three gene subtypes of A2, B2, and C2. Among them, the B2 group had the best survival outcome. Then, we constructed a prognostic model consisting of 6 key variable genes, which could more accurately predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of melanoma patients. Besides, 98 drugs were screened out. Finally, we explored the role of cuproptosis-related genes in melanoma metastasis and established a metastasis model using seven key genes. Conclusions In conclusion, CRGs play a role in the metastasis and prognosis of melanoma, and also provide new insights into the underlying pathogenesis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ya Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le-Ping Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Hematology and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Wei Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Fang Liang, ; Yan-Wei Luo,
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Hematology and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Fang Liang, ; Yan-Wei Luo,
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6
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Saravanan R, Balasubramanian V, Swaroop Balamurugan SS, Ezhil I, Afnaan Z, John J, Sundaram S, Gouthaman S, Pakala SB, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. Zinc transporter LIV1: A promising cell surface target for triple negative breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4132-4156. [PMID: 36181695 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes contributing to the global cancer burden. The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) molecular subtype accounts for the most aggressive type. Despite progression in therapeutic options and prognosis in breast cancer treatment options, there remains a high rate of distant relapse. With advancements in understanding the role of zinc and zinc carriers in the prognosis and treatment of the disease, the scope of precision treatment/targeted therapy has been expanded. Zinc levels and zinc transporters play a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, tumor surveillance, apoptosis, and immune function. This review focuses on the zinc transporter, LIV1, as an essential target for breast cancer prognosis and emerging treatment options. Previous studies give an insight into the role of LIV1 in fulfilling the most important hallmarks of cancer such as apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, and evading the immune system. Normal tissue expression of LIV1 is limited. Higher expression of LIV1 has been linked to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, histological grade of cancer, and early node metastasis. LIV1 was found to be one of the attractive targets in the therapeutic hunt for TNBCs. TNBCs are an immunogenic breast cancer subtype. As zinc transporters are known to serve as the metabolic gatekeepers of immune cells, this review bridges tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, TNBC and LIV1. In addition, the suitability of LIV1 as an antibody-drug conjugate (Seattle genetics [SGN]-LIV1A) target in TNBC, represents a promising strategy for patients. Early clinical trial results reveal that this novel agent reduces tumor burden by inducing mitotic arrest, immunomodulation, and immunogenic cell death, warranting further investigation of SGN-LIV1A in combination with immuno-oncology agents. Priming the patient's immune response in combination with SGN-LIV1A could eventually change the landscape for the TNBC patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Saravanan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishnavi Balasubramanian
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth Swamy Swaroop Balamurugan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inemai Ezhil
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zeba Afnaan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jisha John
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugasundaram Gouthaman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gou Y, Yang D, Tian T, Zhu X, Zhang R, Ren J, Tu D, Luo Y, Miao Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Wei B. The Transcription of ZIP9 Is Associated With the Macrophage Polarization and the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:725595. [PMID: 35371096 PMCID: PMC8967370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.725595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common digestive system cancers (DSCs) with a poor prognosis. Zinc‐regulated transporter (ZRT)/iron‐regulated transporter (IRT) like protein transporters (ZIPs) encode membrane transport proteins, which are responsible for the absorption of zinc and play important roles in the pathogenesis of various human cancers. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important participants in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and the development of HCC. Individual role of each ZIP involved in hepatocarcinogenesis remains elusive. In this study, the transcription patterns of ZIPs in the DSCs were screened firstly through GEPIA2 database. Interestingly, the analysis of the DSCs data showed the distinct mRNA levels of ZIPs between DSCs tissues and healthy controls. Notably, the transcription levels of ZIP2, ZIP5, ZIP8, ZIP9 and ZIP14 were decreased significantly in the tissues of human liver cancer compared to paracarcinoma liver tissues. To further confirm the mRNA transcriptional changes of Zips in HCC, N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) combined with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) inducing mouse model of HCC were established. Consistently, the mRNA levels of Zip2, Zip9, and Zip14 in liver tissues of HCC induced mice were also decreased compared with the healthy controls. In addition, mouse peritoneal elucidated macrophages (PEMs)-derived M1/M2 macrophages in vitro, as well as human patients of HCC-derived TAMs, were used to examine the transcription levels of ZIPs. Our results showed that both Zip2 and Zip9 were up-regulated in M2-polarized macrophages. Zip2 transcript was also up-regulated M1-polarized macrophages, but Zip9 was slightly down-regulated. TAMs generated from human liver cancer tissues also displayed a decrease in ZIP9 transcription compared to paracarcinoma tissues. To further explore the role of Zip9 in M1/M2 polarization, the siRNA knockdown results revealed that Zip9, but not Zip2, could promote M2 macrophage polarization and impair M1 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, Zip9 enhances phosphorylated STAT6 to promote M2 macrophage polarization but suppresses the phosphorylation of IκBα/β to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. Together, our results indicate that ZIP9 may involve in macrophages polarity in HCC development and may be a potent new biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Taikun Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingguo Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Raorao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhen Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Nantong, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Wan Z, Wang X. Role of SLC39A6 in the development and progression of liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:77. [PMID: 35111246 PMCID: PMC8771636 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant solid tumor types worldwide. The solute carrier (SLC)39A family is a main member of the SLC group of membrane transport proteins, which transfer zinc to the cytoplasm when cells are depleted of zinc; thus, it may provide a novel therapeutic target for human cancer. However, the prognostic value of SLC39A genes in patients with liver cancer has remained elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore whether SLC39A family genes are associated with the survival rate of patients with liver cancer and to investigate the role of key genes of the SLC39A family in liver cancer. The mRNA expression of the SLC39A family in liver cancer was obtained from the UALCAN database. Survival curve analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic value of SLC39A family genes in the overall survival of patients with liver cancer. In addition to the bioinformatics analysis, SLC39A6 was knocked down in HepG2 and Hep3B cells to examine the effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. The results suggested that SLC39A6 was significantly upregulated in liver cancer tissues compared with normal liver tissues. High expression of SLC39A6 was significantly associated with poor overall survival of patients with liver cancer. Furthermore, knockdown of SLC39A6 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that SLC39A6 may be a promising prognostic biomarker for liver cancer and is associated with the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuzhen Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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9
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Favara DM, Liebscher I, Jazayeri A, Nambiar M, Sheldon H, Banham AH, Harris AL. Elevated expression of the adhesion GPCR ADGRL4/ELTD1 promotes endothelial sprouting angiogenesis without activating canonical GPCR signalling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8870. [PMID: 33893326 PMCID: PMC8065136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADGRL4/ELTD1 is an orphan adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) expressed in endothelial cells that regulates tumour angiogenesis. The majority of aGPCRs are orphan receptors. The Stachel Hypothesis proposes a mechanism for aGPCR activation, in which aGPCRs contain a tethered agonist (termed Stachel) C-terminal to the GPCR-proteolytic site (GPS) cleavage point which, when exposed, initiates canonical GPCR signalling. This has been shown in a growing number of aGPCRs. We tested this hypothesis on ADGRL4/ELTD1 by designing full length (FL) and C-terminal fragment (CTF) ADGRL4/ELTD1 constructs, and a range of potential Stachel peptides. Constructs were transfected into HEK293T cells and HTRF FRET, luciferase-reporter and Alphascreen GPCR signalling assays were performed. A stable ADGRL4/ELTD1 overexpressing HUVEC line was additionally generated and angiogenesis assays, signalling assays and transcriptional profiling were performed. ADGRL4/ELTD1 has the lowest GC content in the aGPCR family and codon optimisation significantly increased its expression. FL and CTF ADGRL4/ELTD1 constructs, as well as Stachel peptides, did not activate canonical GPCR signalling. Furthermore, stable overexpression of ADGRL4/ELTD1 in HUVECs induced sprouting angiogenesis, lowered in vitro anastomoses, and decreased proliferation, without activating canonical GPCR signalling or MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, JNK, JAK/HIF-1α, beta catenin or STAT3 pathways. Overexpression upregulated ANTXR1, SLC39A6, HBB, CHRNA, ELMOD1, JAG1 and downregulated DLL4, KIT, CCL15, CYP26B1. ADGRL4/ELTD1 specifically regulates the endothelial tip-cell phenotype through yet undefined signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Favara
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BJ, UK.
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Department of Oncology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ali Jazayeri
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 3AX, UK
- OMass Therapeutics, Oxford, OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Madhulika Nambiar
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 3AX, UK
- Sosei Heptares, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK
| | - Helen Sheldon
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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10
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Li M, Fan K, Zheng B, Zekria D, Suo T, Liu H, Shen S, Liu H, Ni X. Knockdown of SLC39A4 Expression Inhibits the Proliferation and Motility of Gallbladder Cancer Cells and Tumor Formation in Nude Mice. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2235-2246. [PMID: 33727860 PMCID: PMC7955045 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s282269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a common malignancy of the biliary tract and is characterized by rapid progression and early metastasis. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of GBC could help to develop better treatment strategies. Materials and Methods Human GBC cell lines (GBC-SD and NOZ) were applied to determine the capacity of the proliferation and migration of cells using the MTT assay, colony formation, wound-healing assay as well as the Transwell™ assay. A nude xenograft was used to evaluate tumor growth in vivo. Results Using two types of GBC cell lines, we found that absence of solute carrier family (SLC) 39A4 (which encodes the zinc transporter ZRT/IRT-like protein [ZIP]4), could suppress the proliferation and migration of cells. Additionally, absence of ZIP4 could impair growth of xenografts in nude mice. While, over-expression of SLC39A4 could promote the GBC cell proliferation and migration, and inhibit apoptosis. We revealed that SLC39A4 might affect GBC progression by modulating the signaling pathways responsible for the survival, energy supply and metastasis of cells, and indicated that SLC39A4 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for GBC. Conclusion SLC39A4 promoted the viability and motility of GBC cells, and tumor formation in nude mice. We demonstrated an oncogenic potential for SLC39A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - David Zekria
- Department of Radiology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhou H, Zhu Y, Qi H, Liang L, Wu H, Yuan J, Hu Q. Evaluation of the prognostic values of solute carrier (SLC) family 39 genes for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5312-5331. [PMID: 33535184 PMCID: PMC7950255 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the first fatality rate of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the solute carrier family 39 (SLC39A) genes as biological markers associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS AND MATERIALS MRNA expression of SLC39A genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was analyzed using UCSC database. We investigated the overall survival (OS) of SLC39A genes in patients with NSCLC as the only prognostic indicator using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. CERES score obtained from the Project Achilles was used to perform the survival analysis. Crystal violet-glutaraldehyde solution staining and CCK-8 assay were used to determine colony formation and cell viability, respectively. RESULTS For patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, only high expression of SLC39A3, SLC39A4 and SLC39A7 have significant affections to the prognosis. But for patients with LUAD, 11 out of 14 SLC39A genes were significantly associated with prognostic values. Additional analysis indicated that SLC39A7 played an essential role for cell survival of LUAD. Furthermore, SLC39A7 high expression in LUAD was associated with current smoking. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that SLC39A groups were significantly associated with prognosis of LUAD. The SLC39A7 gene was significantly linked with survival and growth of LUAD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yaoqi Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, TaikangTongji Hospital, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Huizhong Qi
- Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Phychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Qingyong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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12
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Liu L, Yang J, Wang C. Analysis of the prognostic significance of solute carrier (SLC) family 39 genes in breast cancer. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200764. [PMID: 32744318 PMCID: PMC7426635 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in females and remains a main cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The solute carrier (SLC) groups of membrane transport proteins, which control the influx of zinc, participate in ranging of physiological processes and may provide novel therapeutic targets of cancers. However, the prognostic values of individual SLC family 39 (SLC39A) genes in patients with BC are not clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mRNA expression of SLC family 39 genes in BC was evaluated by using the UALCAN database. The prognostic values of overall survival (OS) of SLC family 39 genes in patients with BC were investigated by Kaplan-Meier plotter. The survival analysis of cells was determined by Project Achilles. RESULTS The analytic results suggested that SLC39A1, SLC39A3, SLC39A4, SLC39A5, SLC39A6, SLC39A7, SLC39A9, SLC39A10, SLC39A11 and SLC39A13 were significantly up-regulated in BC tissues compared with normal breast tissues. However, SLC39A8 and SLC39A14 were expressed higher in normal tissues than in BC tissues. High expression of SLC39A2, SLC39A3, SLC39A4, SLC39A5, SLC39A7, SLC39A12 and SLC39A13 was significantly associated with worse OS in patients with BC. In contrast, high mRNA levels of SLC39A6 and SLC39A14 indicated favorable OS. Through subgroup analysis, all abnormal expressed SLC family members were correlated with prognoses of patients with specific BC. Moreover, SLC39A7 was associated with proliferation and cloning of BC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that SLC family 39 members were promising prognostic biomarkers of BC. The SLC39A7 played a key role in growth and survival of BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Liu
- Department of Keratonosus, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaomin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Qingzhou 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
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13
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Nimmanon T, Ziliotto S, Ogle O, Burt A, Gee JMW, Andrews GK, Kille P, Hogstrand C, Maret W, Taylor KM. The ZIP6/ZIP10 heteromer is essential for the zinc-mediated trigger of mitosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1781-1798. [PMID: 32797246 PMCID: PMC7904737 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc has been known to be essential for cell division for over 40 years but the molecular pathways involved remain elusive. Cellular zinc import across biological membranes necessitates the help of zinc transporters such as the SLC39A family of ZIP transporters. We have discovered a molecular process that explains why zinc is required for cell division, involving two highly regulated zinc transporters, as a heteromer of ZIP6 and ZIP10, providing the means of cellular zinc entry at a specific time of the cell cycle that initiates a pathway resulting in the onset of mitosis. Crucially, when the zinc influx across this heteromer is blocked by ZIP6 or ZIP10 specific antibodies, there is no evidence of mitosis, confirming the requirement for zinc influx as a trigger of mitosis. The zinc that influxes into cells to trigger mitosis additionally changes the phosphorylation state of STAT3 converting it from a transcription factor to a protein that complexes with this heteromer and pS38Stathmin, the form allowing microtubule rearrangement as required in mitosis. This discovery now explains the specific cellular role of ZIP6 and ZIP10 and how they have special importance in the mitosis process compared to other ZIP transporter family members. This finding offers new therapeutic opportunities for inhibition of cell division in the many proliferative diseases that exist, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirayost Nimmanon
- Department of Pathology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 315 Ratchawithi Road, Thung Phayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Silvia Ziliotto
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Olivia Ogle
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Anna Burt
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Julia M W Gee
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Glen K Andrews
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas City, USA.,Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66106, USA
| | - Pete Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Metal Metabolism Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Metal Metabolism Group, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
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14
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Xia C, Chen X, Li J, Chen P. SLC39A4 as a Novel Prognosis Marker Promotes Tumor Progression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3999-4008. [PMID: 32494154 PMCID: PMC7227820 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Solute carrier family 39 member 4 (SLC39A4) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in several cancers. However, the role of SLC39A4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical significance and function of SLC39A4 in ESCC. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were analyzed to assess the level of SLC39A4 in ESCC. The expression level of SLC39A4 was measured by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 73 patients aged 45-65 years with ESCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to identify the correlation between SLC39A4 and the prognosis of ESCC patients. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the biological function of SLC39A4 in ESCC cell line TE-1 and TE-10. Results The mRNA level of SLC39A4 was significantly enhanced in ESCC specimens, which was in line with the outcome of online databases analysis. Moreover, the aberrant expression of SLC39A4 was positively correlated with clinical stage, T categories and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that elevated SLC39A4 expression predicted poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments showed that SLC39A4 knockdown not only impaired the proliferation and motility capacities of ESCC cells but also enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SLC39A4 could serve as a novel prognosis biomarker to promote ESCC progression; however, the mechanism of SLC39A4 in ESCC remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China
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15
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Khan T, Relitti N, Brindisi M, Magnano S, Zisterer D, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1002-1060. [PMID: 31742748 DOI: 10.1002/med.21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) exhibit a survival rate of less than 60% and 40%, respectively. Late-stage diagnosis and lack of effective treatment strategies make both OSCC and ESCC a significant health burden. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process, involves the degradation of intracellular components to maintain cell homeostasis. Targeting autophagy has been highlighted as a feasible therapeutic strategy with clinical utility in cancer treatment, although its associated regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. The detection of relevant biomarkers in biological fluids has been anticipated to facilitate early diagnosis and/or prognosis for these tumors. In this context, recent studies have indicated the presence of specific proteins and small RNAs, detectable in circulating plasma and serum, as biomarkers. Interestingly, the interplay between biomarkers (eg, exosomal microRNAs) and autophagic processes could be exploited in the quest for targeted and more effective therapies for OSCC and ESCC. In this review, we give an overview of the available biomarkers and innovative targeted therapeutic strategies, including the application of autophagy modulators in OSCC and ESCC. Additionally, we provide a viewpoint on the state of the art and on future therapeutic perspectives combining the early detection of relevant biomarkers with drug discovery for the treatment of OSCC and ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Napoli Federico IL, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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16
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Gao J, Ren W, Xiao C, Wang L, Huang Q, Zhang Z, Dang Y, Weng P, Wang H, Fang X, Zhuang M, Lin L, Chen S. Involvement of SLC39A6 in gastric adenocarcinoma and correlation of the SLC39A6 polymorphism rs1050631 with clinical outcomes after resection. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1069. [PMID: 31703635 PMCID: PMC6839152 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single-nucleotide polymorphism SLC39A6 rs1050631 is strongly implicated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, leading us to question whether it may also play a role in gastric adenocarcima (GA). METHODS We genotyped the SLC39A6 rs1050631 in 512 patients who underwent GA resection. All study subjects lived in an area of China with high GA incidence. Genotypes were examined for possible correlation with survival and recurrence. The potential involvement of SLC39A6 in gastric cancer was explored in clinical samples and cell culture studies. RESULTS Multivariable analysis showed that patients with the CT + TT genotype at SLC39A6 rs1050631 were at greater risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, HR 1.387, p = 0.004) and death (HR 1.429, p = 0.002) than patients with CC genotype. Median recurrence-free and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with the CT + TT genotype (20, 27 months) than in patients with the CC genotype (36, 43 months, p = 0.001, p < 0.001). Patients with the CT + TT genotype who were male or ≥ 60 years, or who had a tumor ≥5 cm or a moderately differentiated tumor were at significantly higher risk of recurrence and death. SLC39A6 was overexpressed in tissues from GA patients and in GA cell lines, and SLC39A6 knockdown in GA cell lines inhibited their proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSION SLC39A6 rs1050631 correlates with post-resection prognosis of GA patients and SLC39A6 may participate in GA onset or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjun Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Chunhong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China.,China Clinical Institute of Fuzhou General Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), Fujian Medical University, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China.,China Clinical Institute of Fuzhou General Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), Fujian Medical University, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaojia Huang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Dongfang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Zaizhong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China.,China Clinical Institute of Fuzhou General Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), Fujian Medical University, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Dang
- Fujian Meiya Aijiankang Health Management Co, Ltd. 4602#, Building 1, Shimao International Center, 108 Guangda Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Pengcheng Weng
- Union Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 29 XinQuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Union Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 29 XinQuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Xuehong Fang
- Union Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 29 XinQuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Minxian Zhuang
- Union Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 29 XinQuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Liying Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China. .,China Clinical Institute of Fuzhou General Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), Fujian Medical University, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China.
| | - Shaoquan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China. .,China Clinical Institute of Fuzhou General Hospital (900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team), Fujian Medical University, 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China.
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17
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Ding B, Lou W, Xu L, Li R, Fan W. Analysis the prognostic values of solute carrier (SLC) family 39 genes in gastric cancer. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:486-498. [PMID: 30788004 PMCID: PMC6357312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common diagnosed cancer with poor prognosis. Solute carrier (SLC) family 39 genes encode membrane transport proteins, which control the influx of zinc and may play important roles in human disease including cancer. However, the prognostic value of individual SLC family 39 gene in gastric cancer patients remain unclear. METHODS Genetic alteration frequency and mRNA expression level of SLC family 39 genes in GC were first assessed by using many online databases including cBioportal for Cancer Genomics, Oncomine, UCSC Xena browser and Ualcan database. The prognostic value of individual SLC family 39 gene in GC patients were further investigated via Kaplan-Meier plotter. RESULTS The analytic results of genetic alteration frequency showed that mRNA deregulation was one of the most important single factors for alteration in different kinds of gastric cancer. Compared with normal gastric tissues, 14 SLC family 39 genes were all significantly upregulated in GC tissue in Ualcan database, and SLC39A4, SLC39A5, SLC39A6, SLC39A10 mRNA expression were also higher in Oncomine database. The survival analysis indicated that most members of SLC family 39 genes were closely related with prognosis of GC patients, SLC39A7, SLC39A11, SLC39A14 were significantly associated with favorable overall survival (OS), the rest of SLC family 39 genes were importantly correlated with unfavorable OS except SLC39A10. CONCLUSION Our analysis identified that 14 SLC family 39 genes are potential prognostic biomarkers of GC patients, and may offer effective and new strategies for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisha Ding
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC 29425, USA
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Wang M, Smith JS, Wei WQ. Tissue protein biomarker candidates to predict progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1434:59-69. [PMID: 29882970 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most predominant malignancies worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is still relatively low due to few symptoms presenting with the early disease, diagnosis at middle to late stage, and high risk of recurrence after therapy. Novel protein biomarkers for early detection and treatment of ESCC have the potential to reduce incidence and mortality rates, and significantly prolong the 5-year survival rate. To date, several ESCC biomarkers are being investigated for screening, diagnosis, and treatment to decrease the disease burden. This review summarizes recent developments in candidate protein biomarkers for early diagnosis, predictors for precancerous disease progression, and prognosis of ESCC. Protein biomarkers that enable identification of the different pathologic grades of ESCC will need to be identified. ESCC biomarkers have the potential to improve screening and treatment strategies; multicenter prospective studies with large sample sizes will be required to confirm the usefulness of these candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wen-Qiang Wei
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Cheng X, Wei L, Huang X, Zheng J, Shao M, Feng T, Li J, Han Y, Tan W, Tan W, Lin D, Wu C. Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 6 Gene Promotes Aggressiveness of Esophageal Carcinoma Cells by Increasing Intracellular Levels of Zinc, Activating Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling, and Up-regulating Genes That Regulate Metastasis. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1985-1997.e12. [PMID: 28209530 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A common variant in the solute carrier family 39 member 6 gene (SLC39A6) has been associated with survival times of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated the function of SLC39A6 and ways in which this variant affects tumor progression by studying ESCC samples and cell lines. METHODS SLC39A6 was expressed or knocked down by expression of short hairpin RNAs in ESCC cells (KYSE30 and KYSE450) and HeLa cells using lentiviral vectors; we analyzed effects on proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Cells were grown as xenograft tumors in nude mice and tumor volume and metastases were quantified; tumors were collected and analyzed histologically. Cells were also analyzed for levels of intracellular zinc and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression patterns. We obtained ESCC and adjacent normal esophageal tissues from 94 patients who underwent esophagectomy in China from 2010 through 2014. Survival times of patients were measured from the date of diagnosis to the date of last follow-up or death. We sequenced mRNAs and compared levels between tumor and non-tumor tissues using the Wilcox rank-sum test. Total proteins in cell lines or tissue samples were measured by immunoblotting. We searched publicly available databases for variants of SLC39A6 in human tumor and non-tumor tissues. RESULTS Knockdown of SLC39A6 reduced proliferation of ESCC cells in culture and metastasis of xenograft tumors in mice. Cells that overexpressed SLC39A6 had significant increases in intracellular levels of zinc and were more invasive in assays, activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling to AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1. Cells that overexpressed SLC39A6 had increased expression of mRNAs and proteins associated with metastasis, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP3, MYC, and snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2 or SLUG). Levels of MMP1, MMP3, MYC, and SLUG mRNAs correlated with levels of SLC39A6 mRNA in ESCC samples from patients. ESCC tissues had increased levels of SLC39A6 mRNA compared with non-tumor tissues; the increase correlated with tumor metastasis to lymph node and reduced patient survival time. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of ESCC samples and cell lines, we associated increased expression of SLC39A6 with tumor invasiveness, intracellular level of zinc, and patient survival time. ESCC cell lines that overexpress SLC39A6 up-regulate expression MMP1, MMP3, MYC, and SLUG and form metastatic xenograft tumors in mice. Up-regulation of SLC39A6 might be used to determine prognoses of patients with ESCC or as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lixuan Wei
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Huang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Shao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaling Han
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenle Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Cui XB, Zhang SM, Xu YX, Dang HW, Liu CX, Wang LH, Yang L, Hu JM, Liang WH, Jiang JF, Li N, Li Y, Chen YZ, Li F. PFN2, a novel marker of unfavorable prognosis, is a potential therapeutic target involved in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:137. [PMID: 27188458 PMCID: PMC4870769 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressively malignant tumors with dismal prognosis. Profilin 2 (PFN2) is an actin-binding protein that regulates the dynamics of actin polymerization and plays a key role in cell motility. Recently, PFN2 have emerged as significant regulators of cancer processes. However, the clinical significance and biological function of PFN2 in ESCC remain unclear. Methods PFN2 protein expression was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarray from Chinese Han and Kazakh populations with ESCC. The associations among PFN2 expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of ESCC were analyzed. The effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration were examined using MTT and Transwell assays. Markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected by Western blot analysis. Results Compared with normal esophageal epithelium (NEE), PFN2 protein expression was markedly increased in low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and ESCC, increased gradually from LGIN to ESCC, and finally reached high grade in HGIN in the Han population. Similarly, PFN2 protein was more overexpressed in ESCC than in NEE in the Kazakh population. The results of Western blot analysis also showed that PFN2 expression was significantly higher in the ESCC tissue than in a matched adjacent non-cancerous tissue. PFN2 expression was positively correlated with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis. High PFN2 expression was significantly correlated with short overall survival (OS) (P = 0.023). Cox regression analysis revealed that PFN2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in ESCC. Downregulation of PFN2 inhibited, rather than proliferated, cell invasion and migration, as well as induced an EMT phenotype, including increased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin, decreased mesenchymal marker Vimentin, Snail, Slug and ZEB1, and morphological changes in ESCC cells in vitro. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PFN2 has a novel role in promoting ESCC progression and metastasis and portending a poor prognosis, indicating that PFN2 could act as an early biomarker of high-risk population. Targeting PFN2 may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for ESCC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0884-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shu-Mao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yue-Xun Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hong-Wei Dang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Liang-Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Wei-Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jin-Fang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of CT and MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, China. .,Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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