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Spinelli C, Ghionzoli M, Guglielmo C, Baroncelli G, Tyutyusheva N, Frega A, Patrizio A, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Antonelli A. Hypoparathyroidism Associated with Benign Thyroid Nodules in DiGeorge-like Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:850-856. [PMID: 37986268 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303274582231102094440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DiGeorge-like syndrome (DGLS) is a rare genetic disorder due to the presence of the same classical clinical manifestations of DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) without its typical deletion. In the DGLS phenotype, hypoparathyroidism seldom occurs and is considered rare. In DGS, hypocalcemia affects up to 70% of patients, and a considerable share often has asymptomatic thyroid abnormalities. CASE PRESENTATION In this study, we describe an unusual case of a 16-year-old patient with DGLS due to a duplication of 365 kb in the 20p11.22 region, affected by hypoparathyroidism associated with thyroid nodule. The intraoperative parathyroid evaluation ruled out agenesis as a cause of hypoparathyroidism. In addition, we carried out a thorough literature review from 2010 to 2023 of DGLS cases using specific keywords, such as "22q11.2 deletion syndrome", "Di- George-like Syndrome", "hypoparathyroidism", "thyroid", and "children", analyzing 119 patients with DGLS. CONCLUSION Interestingly enough, the present case represents, to our knowledge, the first report of a patient with DGLS associated with hypoparathyroidism and the presence of thyroid nodules where an intraoperative observation reported a non-functional parathyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Spinelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Ghionzoli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Guglielmo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giampiero Baroncelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nina Tyutyusheva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Frega
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Hong N, Zhang E, Xie H, Jin L, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Chen AF, Yu Y, Zhou B, Chen S, Yu Y, Sun K. The transcription factor Sox7 modulates endocardiac cushion formation contributed to atrioventricular septal defect through Wnt4/Bmp2 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:393. [PMID: 33846290 PMCID: PMC8041771 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac septum malformations account for the largest proportion in congenital heart defects. The transcription factor Sox7 has critical functions in the vascular development and angiogenesis. It is unclear whether Sox7 also contributes to cardiac septation development. We identified a de novo 8p23.1 deletion with Sox7 haploinsufficiency in an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) patient using whole exome sequencing in 100 AVSD patients. Then, multiple Sox7 conditional loss-of-function mice models were generated to explore the role of Sox7 in atrioventricular cushion development. Sox7 deficiency mice embryos exhibited partial AVSD and impaired endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Transcriptome analysis revealed BMP signaling pathway was significantly downregulated in Sox7 deficiency atrioventricular cushions. Mechanistically, Sox7 deficiency reduced the expressions of Bmp2 in atrioventricular canal myocardium and Wnt4 in endocardium, and Sox7 binds to Wnt4 and Bmp2 directly. Furthermore, WNT4 or BMP2 protein could partially rescue the impaired EndMT process caused by Sox7 deficiency, and inhibition of BMP2 by Noggin could attenuate the effect of WNT4 protein. In summary, our findings identify Sox7 as a novel AVSD pathogenic candidate gene, and it can regulate the EndMT involved in atrioventricular cushion morphogenesis through Wnt4-Bmp2 signaling. This study contributes new strategies to the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanchao Hong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Erge Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Jin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Alex F. Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200092 Shanghai, China
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Okubo T, Hara K, Azuma S, Takada S. Effect of retinoic acid signaling on Ripply3 expression and pharyngeal arch morphogenesis in mouse embryos. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1036-1050. [PMID: 33452727 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharyngeal arches (PA) are sequentially generated in an anterior-to-posterior order. Ripply3 is essential for posterior PA development in mouse embryos and its expression is sequentially activated in ectoderm and endoderm prior to formation of each PA. Since the PA phenotype of Ripply3 knockout (KO) mice is similar to that of retinoic acid (RA) signal-deficient embryos, we investigated the relationship between RA signaling and Ripply3 in mouse embryos. RESULTS In BMS493 (pan-RAR antagonist) treated embryos, which are defective in third and fourth PA development, Ripply3 expression is decreased in the region posterior to PA2 at E9.0. This expression remains and its distribution is expanded posteriorly at E9.5. Conversely, high dose RA exposure does not apparently change its expression at E9.0 and 9.5. Knockout of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), which causes more severe PA defect, attenuates sequential Ripply3 expression at PA1 and reduces its expression level. EGFP reporter expression driven by a 6 kb Ripply3 promoter fragment recapitulates the endogenous Ripply3 mRNA expression during PA development in wild-type, but its distribution is expanded posteriorly in BMS493-treated and Raldh2 KO embryos. CONCLUSION Spatio-temporal regulation of Ripply3 expression by RA signaling is indispensable for the posterior PA development in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Hara
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Azuma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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