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Seitler S, Zuhair M, Shamsi A, Bray JJH, Wojtaszewska A, Siddiqui A, Ahmad M, Fairley J, Providencia R, Akhtar A. Cardiac imaging in rheumatic heart disease and future developments. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2023; 3:oeac060. [PMID: 36876318 PMCID: PMC9981871 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most common cause of valvular heart disease worldwide, affecting millions, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Multiple imaging modalities such as cardiac CT, cardiac MRI, and three-dimensional echocardiography may be utilized in diagnosing, screening, and managing RHD. However, two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography remains the cornerstone of imaging in RHD. Criteria developed by the World Heart Foundation in 2012 sought to unify the diagnostic imaging criteria for RHD, but concerns remain regarding their complexity and reproducibility. In the intervening years, further measures have been developed to find a balance between simplicity and accuracy. Nonetheless, there remain significant unresolved problems within imaging in RHD, including the development of a practical and sensitive screening tool to identify patients with RHD. The emergence of handheld echocardiography has the potential to revolutionize RHD management in resource-poor settings, but its role as a screening or diagnostic tool is yet to be fully established. The dramatic evolution of imaging modalities over the last few decades has not addressed RHD compared to other forms of structural heart disease. In this review, we examine the current and latest developments concerning cardiac imaging and RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Seitler
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Mohamed Zuhair
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Aamir Shamsi
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Wojtaszewska
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Atif Siddiqui
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Mahmood Ahmad
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Jonathan Fairley
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Rui Providencia
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Abid Akhtar
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, UK
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