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Pressley KR, Schwegman L, Montes De Oca Arena M, Chase Huizar C, Zamvil SS, Forsthuber TG. HLA-transgenic mouse models to study autoimmune central nervous system diseases. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2387414. [PMID: 39167553 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2387414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
It is known that certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are associated with autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), but their exact role in disease susceptibility and etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The best studied HLA-associated autoimmune CNS disease is MS, and thus will be the primary focus of this review. Other HLA-associated autoimmune CNS diseases, such as autoimmune encephalitis and neuromyelitis optica will be discussed. The lack of animal models to accurately capture the complex human autoimmune response remains a major challenge. HLA transgenic (tg) mice provide researchers with powerful tools to investigate the underlying mechanisms promoting susceptibility and progression of HLA-associated autoimmune CNS diseases, as well as for elucidating the myelin epitopes potentially targeted by T cells in autoimmune disease patients. We will discuss the potential role(s) of autoimmune disease-associated HLA alleles in autoimmune CNS diseases and highlight information provided by studies using HLA tg mice to investigate the underlying pathological mechanisms and opportunities to use these models for development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Pressley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lance Schwegman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maria Montes De Oca Arena
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carol Chase Huizar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Wu X, Liu M, Zhang X, Pan X, Cui X, Jin J, Sun H, Xiao C, Tong X, Ren L, Wang Y, Cao X. Elucidating Microglial Heterogeneity and Functions in Alzheimer's Disease Using Single-cell Analysis and Convolutional Neural Network Disease Model Construction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17271. [PMID: 39068182 PMCID: PMC11283484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted an in-depth exploration of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by integrating state-of-the-art methodologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Focusing on the pivotal role of microglia in AD pathology, our analysis revealed 11 distinct microglial subclusters, with 4 exhibiting obviously alterations in AD and HC groups. The investigation of cell-cell communication networks unveiled intricate interactions between AD-related microglia and various cell types within the central nervous system (CNS). Integration of WGCNA and scRNA-seq facilitated the identification of critical genes associated with AD-related microglia, providing insights into their involvement in processes such as peptide chain elongation, synapse-related functions, and cell adhesion. The identification of 9 hub genes, including USP3, through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and COX regression analyses, presents potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the development of a CNN-based model showcases the application of deep learning in enhancing diagnostic accuracy for AD. Overall, our findings significantly contribute to unraveling the molecular intricacies of microglial responses in AD, offering promising avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions and improved diagnostic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jiahui Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Huanan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chuyu Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiangyi Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Liou Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xuezhao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Zhang MZ, Shi QG, Xu XY, Qi Y, Zhang LJ, Zhao N, Li J, Li LM, Sun LS, Yang L. Elevated levels of β2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid in adult patients with viral encephalitis/meningitis. Clin Biochem 2024; 125:110719. [PMID: 38316335 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) values are attributed to immune activation, lymphoid cell turnover and release of tissue destruction in the central nervous system (CNS). We investigated plasma and CSF β2-MG levels in adult patients with viral encephalitis/meningitis and their correlations with clinical parameters. METHOD CSF samples from 26 patients with viral encephalitis/meningitis were collected. Moreover, 24 CSF samples from patients with non-inflammatory neurological disorders (NIND) as controls were collected. Plasma samples from 22 enrolled patients and 20 healthy individuals were collected. The β2-MG levels were measured by immunoturbidimetry on an automatic biochemical analyzer. Clinical data were extracted from an electronic patient documentation system. RESULT CSF levels of β2-MG, adenosine deaminase (ADA), white blood cell (WBC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein and lactate were significantly increased in patients with viral encephalitis/meningitis respectively (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.013). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was found in plasma levels of β2-MG. Furthermore, CSF levels of β2-MG were weakly correlated with WBC (r = 0.426, p = 0.030), lymphocyte percentage (r = 0.599, p = 0.018), ADA (r = 0.545, p = 0.004) and LDH (r = 0.414, p = 0.036), but not with lactate (r = 0.381, p = 0.055), protein (r = 0.179, p = 0.381) and plasma levels of β2-MG (r = -0.156, p = 0.537) in viral encephalitis/meningitis patients. CONCLUSION CSF β2-MG may be a potential inflammatory marker for viral encephalitis/meningitis in adult patients diagnosed with viral encephalitis/meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Qi-Guang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272000, China.
| | - Xiao-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Li-Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Li-Sha Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Cheng Y, Xu Y, Li H, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Su Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Song L, Ding J, Wang D, Zhu C, Xing Q. Genetic variants in the HLA region contribute to the risk of cerebral palsy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167008. [PMID: 38163449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.167008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability in childhood, and genetic factors play an important role in its pathogenesis. However, the genetic contributions remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we conducted a two-stage association study between 1090 CP cases and 1100 healthy controls after whole exome sequencing. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allelic predispositions were further analyzed in overall CP and subgroups using multivariate logistic regression. We found a strong signal in the HLA region on chromosome 6, where rs3131787 harbored the most significant association with CP (P = 2.05 × 10-14, OR = 2.22). In comparison to controls, the carrier frequencies of HLA-B*13:02 were significantly higher in children with CP (9.82 % in control vs 19.27 % in CP, P = 1.03 × 10-4, OR = 2.17). Furthermore, the effect of HLA-B*13:02 on increasing the risk of CP mainly existed in cryptogenic CP without exposure to premature birth, low birth weight, birth asphyxia, or periventricular leukomalacia. This study indicated a strong association of HLA variants with CP, which implied that immune dysregulation resulting from immunogenetic variants might underlie the pathogenesis of CP. Our findings provide genetic evidence that an immunomodulator may serve as a promising therapeutic intervention for patients with CP by reinstating the neuroinflammation hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yimeng Qiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yangong Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yu Su
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lili Song
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai 200062, China.
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