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Salama RM, Darwish SF, Yehia R, Eissa N, Elmongy NF, Abd-Elgalil MM, Schaalan MF, El Wakeel SA. Apilarnil exerts neuroprotective effects and alleviates motor dysfunction by rebalancing M1/M2 microglia polarization, regulating miR-155 and miR-124 expression in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112536. [PMID: 38909495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Microglial activation contributes to the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Inhibiting M1 while simultaneously boosting M2 microglia activation may therefore be a potential treatment for PD. Apilarnil (API) is a bee product produced from drone larvae. Recent research has demonstrated the protective effects of API on multiple body systems. Nevertheless, its impact on PD or the microglial M1/M2 pathway has not yet been investigated. Thus, we intended to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of API in rotenone (ROT)-induced PD rat model and explore the role of M1/M2 in mediating its effect. Seventy-two Wistar rats were equally grouped as; control, API, ROT, and groups in which API (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) was given simultaneously with ROT (2 mg/kg, s.c.) for 28 days. The high dose of API (800 mg/kg) showed enhanced motor function, higher expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, less dopamine turnover and α-synuclein expression, and a better histopathological picture when compared to the ROT group and the lower two doses. API's high dose exerted its neuroprotective effects through abridging the M1 microglial activity, illustrated in the reduced expression of miR-155, Iba-1, CD36, CXCL10, and other pro-inflammatory markers' levels. Inversely, API high dose enhanced M2 microglial activity, witnessed in the elevated expression of miR-124, CD206, Ym1, Fizz1, arginase-1, and other anti-inflammatory indices, in comparison to the diseased group. To conclude, our study revealed a novel neuroprotective impact for API against experimentally induced PD, where the high dose showed the highest protection via rebalancing M1/M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rana Yehia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Abd-Elgalil
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Schaalan
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara A El Wakeel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Mo G, Guo J, Zhang L, Shao Y, Hu K, Wu B, Zhang L. miR-129-2-3p mediates LPS-induced macrophage polarization and ferroptosis by targeting the SMAD3-GPX4 axis. Gene 2024; 894:147962. [PMID: 37926174 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages has become a promising target of sepsis treatment because macrophages dysfunction contributes to the progress of sepsis. The targeted therapy of sepsis based on macrophages ferroptosis is drawing more and more attention, but the molecular mechanism involved is poorly understood. In this study, Mus musculus-derived macrophages were used for in-vitro experiments. We found that LPS could induce ferroptosis in macrophages via the detection of apoptosis, GSH, lipid peroxide and GPX4 levels. Meanwhile, miR-129-2-3p was up-regulated in macrophages exposure to LPS. Next, we confirmed that miR-129-2-3p promoted the LPS-induced polarization of M1 phenotype in macrophages via the detection of Arg-1 and iNOS levels; miR-129-2-3p promoted the LPS-induced ferroptosis in macrophages. Further, luciferase assay showed that SMAD3 was identified as a target gene of miR-129-2-3p and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-129-2-3p and LPS. SMAD3 could inhibit the LPS-induced polarization of M1 phenotype and ferroptosis in macrophages by targeting GPX4. Collectively, we demonstrated the target gene and molecular mechanism of miR-129-2-3p mediating LPS-induced polarization and ferroptosis in macrophages by targeting the SMAD3-GPX4 axis, which would provide a novel strategy for sepsis targeted therapy based on macrophages polarization and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixi Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingna Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology of the Affiliated Hospital, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guandong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunhao Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology of the Affiliated Hospital, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guandong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Kui Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology of the Affiliated Hospital, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guandong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Binhua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China; Department of Anesthesiology of the Affiliated Hospital, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guandong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China.
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3
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West CE, Karim M, Falaguera MJ, Speidel L, Green CJ, Logie L, Schwartzentruber J, Ochoa D, Lord JM, Ferguson MAJ, Bountra C, Wilkinson GF, Vaughan B, Leach AR, Dunham I, Marsden BD. Integrative GWAS and co-localisation analysis suggests novel genes associated with age-related multimorbidity. Sci Data 2023; 10:655. [PMID: 37749083 PMCID: PMC10520009 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is the greatest risk factor for developing multiple age-related diseases. Therapeutic approaches targeting the underlying pathways of ageing, rather than individual diseases, may be an effective way to treat and prevent age-related morbidity while reducing the burden of polypharmacy. We harness the Open Targets Genetics Portal to perform a systematic analysis of nearly 1,400 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mapped to 34 age-related diseases and traits, identifying genetic signals that are shared between two or more of these traits. Using locus-to-gene (L2G) mapping, we identify 995 targets with shared genetic links to age-related diseases and traits, which are enriched in mechanisms of ageing and include known ageing and longevity-related genes. Of these 995 genes, 128 are the target of an approved or investigational drug, 526 have experimental evidence of binding pockets or are predicted to be tractable, and 341 have no existing tractability evidence, representing underexplored genes which may reveal novel biological insights and therapeutic opportunities. We present these candidate targets for exploration and prioritisation in a web application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E West
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Mohd Karim
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maria J Falaguera
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Leo Speidel
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lisa Logie
- Drug Discovery Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, 35 Mereside Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Jeremy Schwartzentruber
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - David Ochoa
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Chas Bountra
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graeme F Wilkinson
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, 35 Mereside Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Beverley Vaughan
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew R Leach
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ian Dunham
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hoch M, Rauthe J, Cesnulevicius K, Schultz M, Lescheid D, Wolkenhauer O, Chiurchiù V, Gupta S. Cell-Type-Specific Gene Regulatory Networks of Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Biosynthesis in the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054342. [PMID: 36901771 PMCID: PMC10001763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators are important regulators in inflammatory responses, and their biosynthetic pathways are targeted by commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs. Switching from pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PIMs) to specialized pro-resolving (SPMs) is a critical step toward acute inflammation resolution and preventing chronic inflammation. Although the biosynthetic pathways and enzymes for PIMs and SPMs have now been largely identified, the actual transcriptional profiles underlying the immune cell type-specific transcriptional profiles of these mediators are still unknown. Using the Atlas of Inflammation Resolution, we created a large network of gene regulatory interactions linked to the biosynthesis of SPMs and PIMs. By mapping single-cell sequencing data, we identified cell type-specific gene regulatory networks of the lipid mediator biosynthesis. Using machine learning approaches combined with network features, we identified cell clusters of similar transcriptional regulation and demonstrated how specific immune cell activation affects PIM and SPM profiles. We found substantial differences in regulatory networks in related cells, accounting for network-based preprocessing in functional single-cell analyses. Our results not only provide further insight into the gene regulation of lipid mediators in the immune response but also shed light on the contribution of selected cell types in their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Hoch
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jannik Rauthe
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Vantaggiato L, Shaba E, Carleo A, Bezzini D, Pannuzzo G, Luddi A, Piomboni P, Bini L, Bianchi L. Neurodegenerative Disorder Risk in Krabbe Disease Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13537. [PMID: 36362324 PMCID: PMC9654610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase gene (GALC). Defective GALC causes aberrant metabolism of galactolipids present almost exclusively in myelin, with consequent demyelinization and neurodegeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system (NS). KD shares some similar features with other neuropathies and heterozygous carriers of GALC mutations are emerging with an increased risk in developing NS disorders. In this work, we set out to identify possible variations in the proteomic profile of KD-carrier brain to identify altered pathways that may imbalance its homeostasis and that may be associated with neurological disorders. The differential analysis performed on whole brains from 33-day-old twitcher (galc -/-), heterozygous (galc +/-), and wild-type mice highlighted the dysregulation of several multifunctional factors in both heterozygous and twitcher mice. Notably, the KD-carrier mouse, despite its normal phenotype, presents the deregulation of vimentin, receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), myelin basic protein (MBP), 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP), transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (VCP), and N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 protein (NDRG1) as well as changes in the ubiquitinated-protein pattern. Our findings suggest the carrier may be affected by dysfunctions classically associated with neurodegeneration: (i) alteration of (mechano) signaling and intracellular trafficking, (ii) a generalized affection of proteostasis and lipid metabolism, with possible defects in myelin composition and turnover, and (iii) mitochondrion and energy supply dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Vantaggiato
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enxhi Shaba
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daiana Bezzini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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6
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Luo J. TGF-β as a Key Modulator of Astrocyte Reactivity: Disease Relevance and Therapeutic Implications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1206. [PMID: 35625943 PMCID: PMC9138510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for normal brain development and functioning. They respond to brain injury and disease through a process referred to as reactive astrogliosis, where the reactivity is highly heterogenous and context-dependent. Reactive astrocytes are active contributors to brain pathology and can exert beneficial, detrimental, or mixed effects following brain insults. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been identified as one of the key factors regulating astrocyte reactivity. The genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease alters pathological and functional outcomes. This review aims to provide recent understanding regarding astrocyte reactivity and TGF-β signaling in brain injury, aging, and neurodegeneration. Further, it explores how TGF-β signaling modulates astrocyte reactivity and function in the context of CNS disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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