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Wei Y, Hao Y, Li Y, Dan M, Yang Z, Qiu H, Li R, Yin R, Fan P. Machine learning reveals neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a crucial prognostic indicator in severe Japanese encephalitis patients. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1242317. [PMID: 38178886 PMCID: PMC10765562 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1242317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a severe infectious disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). However, limited risk factors have been identified for predicting poor prognosis (PP) in adults with severe JE. In this study, we analyzed clinical data from thirty-eight severe adult JE patients and compared them to thirty-three patients without organic CNS disease. Machine learning techniques employing branch-and-bound algorithms were used to identify clinical risk factors. Based on clinical outcomes, patients were categorized into two groups: the PP group (mRs ≥ 3) and the good prognosis (GP) group (mRs ≤ 2) at three months post-discharge. We found that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the percentage of neutrophilic count (N%) were significantly higher in the PP group compared to the GP group. Conversely, the percentage of lymphocyte count (L%) was significantly lower in the PP group. Additionally, elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and blood glucose were observed in the PP group compared to the GP group. The clinical parameters most strongly correlated with prognosis, as indicated by Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), were NLR (PCC 0.45) and blood glucose (PCC 0.45). In summary, our findings indicate that increased serum NLR, N%, decreased L%, abnormal glucose metabolism, and liver function impairment are risk factors associated with poor prognosis in severe adult JE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meiling Dan
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Sichuan China 81 Rehabilitation Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Gansu Province Central Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, (Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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Bruno F, Abondio P, Bruno R, Ceraudo L, Paparazzo E, Citrigno L, Luiselli D, Bruni AC, Passarino G, Colao R, Maletta R, Montesanto A. Alzheimer's disease as a viral disease: Revisiting the infectious hypothesis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102068. [PMID: 37704050 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most frequent type of dementia in elderly people. Two major forms of the disease exist: sporadic - the causes of which have not yet been fully understood - and familial - inherited within families from generation to generation, with a clear autosomal dominant transmission of mutations in Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), 2 (PSEN2) or Amyloid Precursors Protein (APP) genes. The main hallmark of AD consists of extracellular deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and intracellular deposits of the hyperphosphorylated form of the tau protein. An ever-growing body of research supports the viral infectious hypothesis of sporadic forms of AD. In particular, it has been shown that several herpes viruses (i.e., HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-3 or varicella zoster virus, HHV-4 or Epstein Barr virus, HHV-5 or cytomegalovirus, HHV-6A and B, HHV-7), flaviviruses (i.e., Zika virus, Dengue fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus) as well as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV), SARS-CoV2, Ljungan virus (LV), Influenza A virus and Borna disease virus, could increase the risk of AD. Here, we summarized and discussed these results. Based on these findings, significant issues for future studies are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catanzaro, Viale A. Perugini, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy; Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Paolo Abondio
- Laboratory of Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Rossella Bruno
- Sudent at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88050 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Leognano Ceraudo
- Sudent at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Ersilia Paparazzo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Luigi Citrigno
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation - (IRIB), 87050 Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Laboratory of Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catanzaro, Viale A. Perugini, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy; Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Rosanna Colao
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catanzaro, Viale A. Perugini, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maletta
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Di Catanzaro, Viale A. Perugini, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy; Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy.
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Wu Y, Hao Y, Yu G, Li L, Wang S, Li X, Zhang Z, Zou S, Liu Z, Fan P, Shi Y. Quantitative proteomics reveals the therapeutic effects of RFAP against depression via pathway regulation of long-term depression and potentiation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13429. [PMID: 36873540 PMCID: PMC9976212 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance RFAP is a compound extraction complex of four Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), including the dry bark of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Radix Paeoniae Alba), Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Fructus Gardeniae), Albizia julibrissin Durazz. (Albizia julibrissin Durazz), and Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews (Peony bark). Not only RFAP but also the individual ingredients have been commonly used for the treatment of depression in the clinic. However, the underlying mechanism of pharmacology is difficult to interpret since its holistic and multidrug nature. Aim of the study This study aimed to elucidate the potential antidepressant mechanism of RFAP in the treatment of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats' model via the quantitative proteomics approach. Materials and methods We established the CUMS rats' model and evaluated the efficacy of RFAP using multiple behavior assays, including the sugar preference test, open field test, and forced swimming test. Then label-free quantitative proteomics analyses were performed to evaluate the integrated changes of proteome profiling in control, CUMS, RFAP low dose, and RFAP high dose groups. Finally, we validated the critical changed proteins in the pathways of long-term depression and potentiation via RT-PCR and Western blotting assays. Results We successfully established the CUMS rats' model. The behavior assays indicated that the rats demonstrated a tendency to behavioral despair after four weeks. Label-free quantitative proteomics showed that 107 proteins were significantly upregulated and 163 proteins were downregulated in the CUMS group compared to the control group. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in long-term potentiation, long-term depression, nervous system development, neuronal synaptic structural constituent of ribosome, ATP metabolic process, learning or memory, and cellular lipid metabolic process. RFAP treatment partially restored the differentially expressed protein profile. The protective effect of RFAP on behavioral assessment were consistent with the results of proteomics. Conclusions The results indicated that RFAP exerted a synergistic effect on CUMS by regulating long-term inhibition and potentiation-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Li Li
- Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | | | - Xin Li
- Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Zengliang Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010110, China
| | - Shengcan Zou
- Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Zimin Liu
- Chenland Nutritionals, Inc., Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Pengcheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
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