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Villa-González M, Rubio M, Martín-López G, Mallavibarrena PR, Vallés-Saiz L, Vivien D, Wandosell F, Pérez-Álvarez MJ. Pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 reduces neural death and damage volume after MCAO by modulating microglial reactivity. Biol Direct 2024; 19:26. [PMID: 38582839 PMCID: PMC10999095 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a sudden and acute disease characterized by neuronal death, increment of reactive gliosis (reactive microglia and astrocytes), and a severe inflammatory process. Neuroinflammation is an early event after cerebral ischemia, with microglia playing a leading role. Reactive microglia involve functional and morphological changes that drive a wide variety of phenotypes. In this context, deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying such reactive microglial is essential to devise strategies to protect neurons and maintain certain brain functions affected by early neuroinflammation after ischemia. Here, we studied the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity in the microglial response using a murine model of cerebral ischemia in the acute phase. We also determined the therapeutic relevance of the pharmacological administration of rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, before and after ischemic injury. Our data show that rapamycin, administered before or after brain ischemia induction, reduced the volume of brain damage and neuronal loss by attenuating the microglial response. Therefore, our findings indicate that the pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 in the acute phase of ischemia may provide an alternative strategy to reduce neuronal damage through attenuation of the associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villa-González
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Rubio
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR-S U1237, INSERM, Institut Blood and Brain @ CaenNormandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Gerardo Martín-López
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula R Mallavibarrena
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Denis Vivien
- Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie University, UNICAEN, UMR-S U1237, INSERM, Institut Blood and Brain @ CaenNormandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie Hospital (CHU), Caen, France
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria José Pérez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular (IUBM-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Liu W, Weng S, Liu H, Cao C, Wang S, Wu S, He J, Yang Y, Hu D, Luo Y, Peng D. Serum soluble TREM2 is an independent biomarker associated with coronary heart disease. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117499. [PMID: 37536519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a unique receptor expressed by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaque and is involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. Whether serum soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) levels has a relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 86 patients with CHD and 86 controls matched with age and sex. Demographic information, medication history, and laboratory data were collected. sTREM2 concentrations were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We compared the sTREM2 levels in two groups and constructed stepwise linear regression analysis for factors related to the sTREM2 level in patients with CHD; we further used the logistic regression model to evaluate the relationship between sTREM2 and CHD. The diagnostic value of sTREM2 and other biomarkers in CHD was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS The serum level of sTREM2 in CHD patients is higher than that in controls. In CHD patients, the stepwise linear regression analysis found that sTREM2 levels were correlated with triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and smoking status. Logistic regression models showed that sTREM2 was associated independently with CHD after adjusted confounders. The ROC curve showed a sensitivity of 59.3% and specificity of 81.4% with an area under the curve of 0.781 (95% CI: 0.711-0.852) for the diagnosis of CHD with serum sTREM2 at a cut-off value of > 1104.894 pg/ml, indicating a higher diagnostic value than high sensitivity C reaction protein (hs-CRP) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). CONCLUSION In this study, we provide evidence that sTREM2 levels are elevated in CHD patients and are associated with various cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, sTREM2 demonstrates better diagnostic performance compared to traditional indicators in identifying CHD. These findings suggest that sTREM2 may serve as a potential biomarker for coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuwei Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Huixing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chenghui Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yonghong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Blood Lipids and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Tao QQ, Lin RR, Wu ZY. Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: Moving Toward a Blood-Based Biomarkers Era. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:353-358. [PMID: 36911809 PMCID: PMC10001034 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s394821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Lin
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People's Republic of China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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DeLong JH, Ohashi SN, O'Connor KC, Sansing LH. Inflammatory Responses After Ischemic Stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:625-648. [PMID: 35767089 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke generates an immune response that contributes to neuronal loss as well as tissue repair. This is a complex process involving a range of cell types and effector molecules and impacts tissues outside of the CNS. Recent reviews address specific aspects of this response, but several years have passed and important advances have been made since a high-level review has summarized the overall state of the field. The present review examines the initiation of the inflammatory response after ischemic stroke, the complex impacts of leukocytes on patient outcome, and the potential of basic science discoveries to impact the development of therapeutics. The information summarized here is derived from broad PubMed searches and aims to reflect recent research advances in an unbiased manner. We highlight valuable recent discoveries and identify gaps in knowledge that have the potential to advance our understanding of this disease and therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Howard DeLong
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Naomi Ohashi
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin Charles O'Connor
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Hachmann Sansing
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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