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Asimakidou E, Saipuljumri EN, Lo CH, Zeng J. Role of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation along the liver-brain axis in animal models with obesity-induced neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1069-1076. [PMID: 38989938 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exacerbate this relationship. Peripheral lipid accumulation, particularly in the liver, initiates a cascade of inflammatory processes that extend to the brain, influencing critical metabolic regulatory regions. Ceramide and palmitate, key lipid components, along with lipid transporters lipocalin-2 and apolipoprotein E, contribute to neuroinflammation by disrupting blood-brain barrier integrity and promoting gliosis. Peripheral insulin resistance further exacerbates brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation. Preclinical interventions targeting peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways have shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation in animal models. However, translating these findings to clinical practice requires further investigation into human subjects. In conclusion, metabolic dysfunction, peripheral inflammation, and insulin resistance are integral to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Understanding these complex mechanisms holds potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evridiki Asimakidou
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eka Norfaishanty Saipuljumri
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Hao M, Chu J, Zhang T, Yin T, Gu Y, Liang W, Ji W, Zhuang J, Liu Y, Gao J, Yin Y. Nanomaterials-mediated lysosomal regulation: a robust protein-clearance approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:424-439. [PMID: 38819046 PMCID: PMC11317947 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a debilitating, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins, including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles, primarily within the brain. Lysosomes, crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation, play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer's disease is limited, with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting. Recently, nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer's disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials (polymeric nanomaterials, nanoemulsions, and carbon-based nanomaterials) to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer's disease. This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer's disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Hao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjian Chu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Tinglin Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Yuankai Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Wendanqi Liang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Liu L, Wu J. Identifying key pathogenic mechanisms and potential intervention targets for recurrence after laryngeal cancer treatment through bioinformatics screening. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:3826-3841. [PMID: 39145096 PMCID: PMC11319988 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-24-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Laryngeal cancer (LC), a prevalent malignant tumor of the head and neck, is characterized by a high rate of postoperative recurrence and significant treatment challenges upon recurrence, severely impacting patients' quality of life. There is a pressing need for effective biomarkers in clinical practice to predict the risk of LC recurrence and guide the development of personalized treatment plans. This study uses bioinformatics methods to explore potential biomarkers for LC recurrence, focusing on key genes and exploring their functions and mechanisms of action in LC recurrence. The aim is to provide new perspectives and evidence for clinical diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and targeted treatment of LC. Methods Gene expression profiles from the GSE25727 data set in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to detect the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tumor tissues of postoperative recurrent and non-recurrent early stage LC patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were also conducted. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcription factor (TF)-DEG-microRNA (miRNA) network were developed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, with key genes selected using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin. A Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was carried out to investigate the possible mechanisms of the key genes. A retrospective analysis was conducted using the clinical data of 83 LC patients. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the transcription level of the key genes in the LC tumor tissues and the factors affecting postoperative recurrence. Results A total of 248 upregulated and 34 downregulated DEGs were identified in the GSE25727 data set. The PPI network analysis identified a significant module and five candidate genes (i.e., RRAGA, SLC38A9, WDR24, ATP6V1B1, and LAMTOR3). The construction of the TF-DEG-miRNA network indicated that ATP6V1B1 might be regulated by one TF and interact with 17 miRNAs. The KEGG and GSEA analyses suggested that ATP6V1B1 may influence LC recurrence through the involvement of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators, glutathione metabolism, matrix metalloproteinases, immune regulation, and lymphocyte interactions. The recurrence rate of the 83 LC patients included in the study was 19.3% (16/83). The immunohistochemistry results indicated that ATP6V1B1 was highly expressed in patients with recurrent LC. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that tumor stage T3 (P=0.04), tumor stage T4 (P=0.01), and a high expression of ATP6V1B1 (P=0.02) were risk factors for recurrence after surgical treatment in LC patients. Conclusions The key genes and signaling pathways identified through the bioinformatics screening provide insights into the potential mechanisms of the pathogenesis of LC. ATP6V1B1 may promote the recurrence of LC by weakening the immune phenotype. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further research into clinical diagnostics and treatment strategies for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiebin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
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Mishra S, Morshed N, Kinoshita C, Stevens B, Jayadev S, Young JE. The Alzheimer's disease gene SORL1 regulates lysosome function in human microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600648. [PMID: 38979155 PMCID: PMC11230436 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The SORL1 gene encodes the sortilin related receptor protein SORLA, a sorting receptor that regulates endo-lysosomal trafficking of various substrates. Loss of function variants in SORL1 are causative for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and decreased expression of SORLA has been repeatedly observed in human AD brains. SORL1 is highly expressed by microglia, the tissue resident immune cells of the brain. Loss of SORLA leads to enlarged lysosomes in hiPSC-derived microglia like cells (hMGLs). However, whether SORLA deficiency contributes to microglia dysfunction and how this is relevant to AD is not known. In this study, we show that loss of SORLA results in decreased lysosomal degradation and lysosomal enzyme activity due to altered trafficking of lysosomal enzymes in hMGLs. Furthermore, lysosomal exocytosis, an important process involved in immune responses and cellular signaling, is also impaired in SORL1 deficient microglia. Phagocytic uptake of fibrillar amyloid beta 1-42 and synaptosomes is increased in SORLA deficient hMGLs, but due to reduced lysosomal degradation, these substrates aberrantly accumulate in lysosomes. Overall, these data highlight the microglial endo-lysosomal network as a potential novel pathway through which SORL1 may increase AD risk and contribute to development of AD. Additionally, our findings may inform development of novel lysosome and microglia associated drug targets for AD.
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Singh MK, Shin Y, Ju S, Han S, Kim SS, Kang I. Comprehensive Overview of Alzheimer's Disease: Etiological Insights and Degradation Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6901. [PMID: 39000011 PMCID: PMC11241648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and affects millions of individuals globally. AD is associated with cognitive decline and memory loss that worsens with aging. A statistical report using U.S. data on AD estimates that approximately 6.9 million individuals suffer from AD, a number projected to surge to 13.8 million by 2060. Thus, there is a critical imperative to pinpoint and address AD and its hallmark tau protein aggregation early to prevent and manage its debilitating effects. Amyloid-β and tau proteins are primarily associated with the formation of plaques and neurofibril tangles in the brain. Current research efforts focus on degrading amyloid-β and tau or inhibiting their synthesis, particularly targeting APP processing and tau hyperphosphorylation, aiming to develop effective clinical interventions. However, navigating this intricate landscape requires ongoing studies and clinical trials to develop treatments that truly make a difference. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) across various cohorts identified 40 loci and over 300 genes associated with AD. Despite this wealth of genetic data, much remains to be understood about the functions of these genes and their role in the disease process, prompting continued investigation. By delving deeper into these genetic associations, novel targets such as kinases, proteases, cytokines, and degradation pathways, offer new directions for drug discovery and therapeutic intervention in AD. This review delves into the intricate biological pathways disrupted in AD and identifies how genetic variations within these pathways could serve as potential targets for drug discovery and treatment strategies. Through a comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of AD, researchers aim to pave the way for more effective therapies that can alleviate the burden of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyun Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Lo CH, O’Connor LM, Loi GWZ, Saipuljumri EN, Indajang J, Lopes KM, Shirihai OS, Grinstaff MW, Zeng J. Acidic Nanoparticles Restore Lysosomal Acidification and Rescue Metabolic Dysfunction in Pancreatic β-Cells under Lipotoxic Conditions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15452-15467. [PMID: 38830624 PMCID: PMC11192035 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a prevalent metabolic disorder lacking effective treatments, is associated with lysosomal acidification dysfunction, as well as autophagic and mitochondrial impairments. Here, we report a series of biodegradable poly(butylene tetrafluorosuccinate-co-succinate) polyesters, comprising a 1,4-butanediol linker and varying ratios of tetrafluorosuccinic acid (TFSA) and succinic acid as components, to engineer lysosome-acidifying nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesized NPs are spherical with diameters of ≈100 nm and have low polydispersity and good stability. Notably, TFSA NPs, which are composed entirely of TFSA, exhibit the strongest degradation capability and superior acidifying properties. We further reveal significant downregulation of lysosomal vacuolar (H+)-ATPase subunits, which are responsible for maintaining lysosomal acidification, in human T2D pancreatic islets, INS-1 β-cells under chronic lipotoxic conditions, and pancreatic tissues of high-fat-diet (HFD) mice. Treatment with TFSA NPs restores lysosomal acidification, autophagic function, and mitochondrial activity, thereby improving the pancreatic function in INS-1 cells and HFD mice with lipid overload. Importantly, the administration of TFSA NPs to HFD mice reduces insulin resistance and improves glucose clearance. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of lysosome-acidifying TFSA NPs for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Hung Lo
- Lee
Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Lance M. O’Connor
- College
of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gavin Wen Zhao Loi
- Lee
Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Jonathan Indajang
- Meinig
School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kaitlynn M. Lopes
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Orian S. Shirihai
- Division
of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Lee
Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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7
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Fremuth LE, Hu H, van de Vlekkert D, Annunziata I, Weesner JA, Gomero E, d'Azzo A. Neuraminidase 1 regulates the cellular state of microglia by modulating the sialylation of Trem2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.595036. [PMID: 38826426 PMCID: PMC11142087 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.595036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Neuraminidase 1 (Neu1) cleaves terminal sialic acids from sialoglycoproteins in endolysosomes and at the plasma membrane. As such, Neu1 regulates immune cells, primarily those of the monocytic lineage. Here we examined how Neu1 influences microglia by modulating the sialylation of full-length Trem2 (Trem2-FL), a multifunctional receptor that regulates microglial survival, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. When Neu1 was deficient/downregulated, Trem2-FL remained sialylated, accumulated intracellularly, and was excessively cleaved into a C-terminal fragment (Trem2-CTF) and an extracellular soluble domain (sTrem2), enhancing their signaling capacities. Sialylated Trem2-FL (Sia-Trem2-FL) did not hinder Trem2-FL-DAP12-Syk complex assembly but impaired signal transduction through Syk, ultimately abolishing Trem2-dependent phagocytosis. Concurrently, Trem2-CTF-DAP12 complexes dampened NFκB signaling, while sTrem2 propagated Akt-dependent cell survival and NFAT1-mediated production of TNFα and CCL3. Because Neu1 and Trem2 are implicated in neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and sialidosis, modulating Neu1 activity represents a therapeutic approach to broadly regulate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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8
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Asimakidou E, Tan JKS, Zeng J, Lo CH. Blood-Brain Barrier-Targeting Nanoparticles: Biomaterial Properties and Biomedical Applications in Translational Neuroscience. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:612. [PMID: 38794182 PMCID: PMC11123901 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant hurdle in effective drug delivery to the brain. While the BBB serves as a crucial protective barrier, it poses challenges in delivering therapeutic agents to their intended targets within the brain parenchyma. To enhance drug delivery for the treatment of neurological diseases, several delivery technologies to circumvent the BBB have been developed in the last few years. Among them, nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most versatile and promising tools. Here, we summarize the characteristics of NPs that facilitate BBB penetration, including their size, shape, chemical composition, surface charge, and importantly, their conjugation with various biological or synthetic molecules such as glucose, transferrin, insulin, polyethylene glycol, peptides, and aptamers. Additionally, we discuss the coating of NPs with surfactants. A comprehensive overview of the common in vitro and in vivo models of the BBB for NP penetration studies is also provided. The discussion extends to discussing BBB impairment under pathological conditions and leveraging BBB alterations under pathological conditions to enhance drug delivery. Emphasizing the need for future studies to uncover the inherent therapeutic properties of NPs, the review advocates for their role beyond delivery systems and calls for efforts translating NPs to the clinic as therapeutics. Overall, NPs stand out as a highly promising therapeutic strategy for precise BBB targeting and drug delivery in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evridiki Asimakidou
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Justin Kok Soon Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore;
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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9
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Song S, Oft H, Metwally S, Paruchuri S, Bielanin J, Fiesler V, Sneiderman C, Kohanbash G, Sun D. Deletion of Slc9a1 in Cx3cr1 + cells stimulated microglial subcluster CREB1 signaling and microglia-oligodendrocyte crosstalk. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:69. [PMID: 38509618 PMCID: PMC10953158 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglial Na/H exchanger-1 (NHE1) protein, encoded by Slc9a1, plays a role in white matter demyelination of ischemic stroke brains. To explore underlying mechanisms, we conducted single cell RNA-seq transcriptome analysis in conditional Slc9a1 knockout (cKO) and wild-type (WT) mouse white matter tissues at 3 days post-stroke. Compared to WT, Nhe1 cKO brains expanded a microglial subgroup with elevated transcription of white matter myelination genes including Spp1, Lgals3, Gpnmb, and Fabp5. This subgroup also exhibited more acidic pHi and significantly upregulated CREB signaling detected by ingenuity pathway analysis and flow cytometry. Moreover, the Nhe1 cKO white matter tissues showed enrichment of a corresponding oligodendrocyte subgroup, with pro-phagocytosis and lactate shuffling gene expression, where activated CREB signaling is a likely upstream regulator. These findings demonstrate that attenuation of NHE1-mediated H+ extrusion acidifies microglia/macrophage and may underlie the stimulation of CREB1 signaling, giving rise to restorative microglia-oligodendrocyte interactions for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Helena Oft
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shamseldin Metwally
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satya Paruchuri
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Bielanin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Fiesler
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chaim Sneiderman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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10
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Hämälistö S, Del Valle Batalla F, Yuseff MI, Mattila PK. Endolysosomal vesicles at the center of B cell activation. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307047. [PMID: 38305771 PMCID: PMC10837082 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system specializes in degrading cellular components and is crucial to maintaining homeostasis and adapting rapidly to metabolic and environmental cues. Cells of the immune system exploit this network to process antigens or promote cell death by secreting lysosome-related vesicles. In B lymphocytes, lysosomes are harnessed to facilitate the extraction of antigens and to promote their processing into peptides for presentation to T cells, critical steps to mount protective high-affinity antibody responses. Intriguingly, lysosomal vesicles are now considered important signaling units within cells and also display secretory functions by releasing their content to the extracellular space. In this review, we focus on how B cells use pathways involved in the intracellular trafficking, secretion, and function of endolysosomes to promote adaptive immune responses. A basic understanding of such mechanisms poses an interesting frontier for the development of therapeutic strategies in the context of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Hämälistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, Turku, Finland
| | - Felipe Del Valle Batalla
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Yuseff
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pieta K. Mattila
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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11
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Calvo I, Montilla A, Huergo C, Martín-Saiz L, Martín-Allende J, Tepavcevic V, Domercq M, Fernández JA. Combining imaging mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry to analyse the lipidome of spinal cord inflammation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1923-1933. [PMID: 38326664 PMCID: PMC10902057 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process that accompanies many pathologies. Actually, dysregulation of the inflammatory process is behind many autoimmune diseases. Thus, treatment of such pathologies may benefit from in-depth knowledge of the metabolic changes associated with inflammation. Here, we developed a strategy to characterize the lipid fingerprint of inflammation in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Using lipid imaging mass spectrometry (LIMS), we scanned spinal cord sections from nine animals injected with lysophosphatidylcholine, a chemical model of demyelination. The lesions were demonstrated to be highly heterogeneous, and therefore, comparison with immunofluorescence experiments carried out in the same section scanned by LIMS was required to accurately identify the morphology of the lesion. Following this protocol, three main areas were defined: the lesion core, the peri-lesion, which is the front of the lesion and is rich in infiltrating cells, and the uninvolved tissue. Segmentation of the LIMS experiments allowed us to isolate the lipid fingerprint of each area in a precise way, as demonstrated by the analysis using classification models. A clear difference in lipid signature was observed between the lesion front and the epicentre, where the damage was maximized. This study is a first step to unravel the changes in the lipidome associated with inflammation in the context of diverse pathologies, such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Calvo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alejandro Montilla
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Cristina Huergo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucía Martín-Saiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Allende
- Department of Languages and Computer Systems, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Rafael Moreno "Pitxitxi", n. 2/3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Vanja Tepavcevic
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Domercq
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Department Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - José A Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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12
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Sung W, Noh MY, Nahm M, Kim YS, Ki CS, Kim YE, Kim HJ, Kim SH. Progranulin haploinsufficiency mediates cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation with lysosomal abnormalities in human microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:47. [PMID: 38347588 PMCID: PMC10863104 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progranulin (PGRN) haploinsufficiency due to progranulin gene (GRN) variants can cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with aberrant TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) accumulation. Despite microglial burden with TDP-43-related pathophysiology, direct microglial TDP-43 pathology has not been clarified yet, only emphasized in neuronal pathology. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate TDP-43 pathology in microglia of patients with PGRN haploinsufficiency. METHODS To design a human microglial cell model with PGRN haploinsufficiency, monocyte-derived microglia (iMGs) were generated from FTD-GRN patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (p.M1? and p.W147*) and three healthy controls. RESULTS iMGs from FTD-GRN patients with PGRN deficiency exhibited severe neuroinflammation phenotype and failure to maintain their homeostatic molecular signatures, along with impaired phagocytosis. In FTD-GRN patients-derived iMGs, significant cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation and accumulation of lipid droplets with profound lysosomal abnormalities were observed. These pathomechanisms were mediated by complement C1q activation and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides considerable cellular and molecular evidence that loss-of-function variants of GRN in human microglia can cause microglial dysfunction with abnormal TDP-43 aggregation induced by inflammatory milieu as well as the impaired lysosome. Elucidating the role of microglial TDP-43 pathology in intensifying neuroinflammation in individuals with FTD due to PGRN deficiency and examining consequential effects on microglial dysfunction might yield novel insights into the mechanisms underlying FTD and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjae Sung
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Milanowski J, Nuszkiewicz J, Lisewska B, Lisewski P, Szewczyk-Golec K. Adipokines, Vitamin D, and Selected Inflammatory Biomarkers among Parkinson's Disease Patients with and without Dyskinesia: A Preliminary Examination. Metabolites 2024; 14:106. [PMID: 38392998 PMCID: PMC10890066 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a widely recognized neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by a spectrum of symptoms including motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Neuroinflammation and dysregulation of adipokines are increasingly implicated in the progression of PD. This preliminary study investigated the levels of inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines, namely interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), visfatin, progranulin, and 25(OH)-vitamin D in 52 PD patients, divided equally between those with and without dyskinesia and 26 healthy controls. Significant differences in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, visfatin, and progranulin were noted between the groups. Patients with dyskinesia exhibited notably higher IL-6 levels compared to controls, and TNF-α was significantly elevated in both PD patient groups relative to the control group. Additionally, visfatin levels were higher in PD patients without dyskinesia as opposed to those with dyskinesia, and progranulin levels were elevated in the non-dyskinetic PD group compared to controls. The findings highlight the potential role of the examined biomarkers in the pathophysiology of PD. Changes in levels of the tested inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines might be associated with Parkinson's disease and its symptoms such as dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Milanowski
- Student Research Club of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Beata Lisewska
- Medical Center "Neuromed", 14 Jana Biziela St., 85-163 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Lisewski
- Medical Center "Neuromed", 14 Jana Biziela St., 85-163 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 24 Karłowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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14
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Marunaka Y. Physiological roles of chloride ions in bodily and cellular functions. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:31. [PMID: 37968609 PMCID: PMC10717538 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Physiological roles of Cl-, a major anion in the body, are not well known compared with those of cations. This review article introduces: (1) roles of Cl- in bodily and cellular functions; (2) the range of cytosolic Cl- concentration ([Cl-]c); (3) whether [Cl-]c could change with cell volume change under an isosmotic condition; (4) whether [Cl-]c could change under conditions where multiple Cl- transporters and channels contribute to Cl- influx and efflux in an isosmotic state; (5) whether the change in [Cl-]c could be large enough to act as signals; (6) effects of Cl- on cytoskeletal tubulin polymerization through inhibition of GTPase activity and tubulin polymerization-dependent biological activity; (7) roles of cytosolic Cl- in cell proliferation; (8) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of ciliary motility; (9) roles of Cl- in sweet/umami taste receptors; (10) Cl--regulatory mechanisms of with-no-lysine kinase (WNK); (11) roles of Cl- in regulation of epithelial Na+ transport; (12) relationship between roles of Cl- and H+ in body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, General Incorporated Foundation, 67 Kitatsuboi-Cho, Nishinokyo, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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15
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O’Connor LM, O’Connor BA, Zeng J, Lo CH. Data Mining of Microarray Datasets in Translational Neuroscience. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1318. [PMID: 37759919 PMCID: PMC10527016 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data mining involves the computational analysis of a plethora of publicly available datasets to generate new hypotheses that can be further validated by experiments for the improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the number of sequencing datasets is on the rise, microarray analysis conducted on diverse biological samples represent a large collection of datasets with multiple web-based programs that enable efficient and convenient data analysis. In this review, we first discuss the selection of biological samples associated with neurological disorders, and the possibility of a combination of datasets, from various types of samples, to conduct an integrated analysis in order to achieve a holistic understanding of the alterations in the examined biological system. We then summarize key approaches and studies that have made use of the data mining of microarray datasets to obtain insights into translational neuroscience applications, including biomarker discovery, therapeutic development, and the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss the gap to be bridged between microarray and sequencing studies to improve the utilization and combination of different types of datasets, together with experimental validation, for more comprehensive analyses. We conclude by providing future perspectives on integrating multi-omics, to advance precision phenotyping and personalized medicine for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance M. O’Connor
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Blake A. O’Connor
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
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