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Slutsky-Ganesh AB, Anand M, Diekfuss JA, Myer GD, Grooms DR. Lower extremity Interlimb coordination associated brain activity in young female athletes: A biomechanically instrumented neuroimaging study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14221. [PMID: 36416574 PMCID: PMC10038871 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral sensorimotor coordination is required for everyday activities, such as walking and sitting down/standing up from a chair. Sensorimotor coordination functional neuroimaging (fMRI) paradigms (e.g., stepping, cycling) increase activity in the sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, insula, and cerebellum. Although these paradigms are designed to assay coordination, performance measures are rarely collected simultaneously with fMRI. Therefore, we aimed to identify neural correlates of lower extremity coordination using a bilateral, in-phase, multi-joint coordination task with concurrent MRI-compatible 3D motion analysis. Seventeen female athletes (15.0 ± 1.4 years) completed a bilateral, multi-joint lower-extremity coordination task during brain fMRI. Interlimb coordination was quantified from kinematic data as the correlation between peak-to-peak knee flexion cycle time between legs. Standard preprocessing and whole-brain analyses for task-based fMRI were completed in FSL, controlling for total movement cycles and neuroanatomical differences, with interlimb coordination as a covariate of interest. A clusterwise multi-comparison correction was applied at z > 3.1 and p < .05. Less interlimb coordination during the task was associated with greater activation in the posterior cingulate and precuneus (zmax = 6.41, p < .01) and the lateral occipital cortex (zmax = 7.55, p = .02). The inability to maintain interlimb coordination alongside greater activity in attention- and sensory-related brain regions may indicate a failed compensatory neural strategy to execute the task. Alternatively, greater activity could be secondary to reduced afferent acuity that may be elevating central demand to maintain in-phase lower extremity motor coordination. Future research aiming to improve sensorimotor coordination should consider interventional approaches uniquely capable of promoting adaptive neuroplasticity to enhance motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Manish Anand
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jed. A. Diekfuss
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory D. Myer
- Emory Sports Performance And Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Flowery Branch, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Dustin R. Grooms
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Bae S, Lee Y, Chang P. There is No test-retest reliability of brain activation induced by robotic passive hand movement: A functional NIRS study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01788. [PMID: 32794359 PMCID: PMC7559614 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The basic paradigm of rehabilitation is based on the brain plasticity, and for promoting it, test-retest reliability (TRR) of brain activation in which certain area of the brain is repeatedly activated is required. In this study, we investigated whether the robotic passive movement has the TRR of brain activation. While active training has been shown to have TRR, but there still have been arguments over the TRR by passive movement. METHODS In order to test TRR, 10 repetitive sessions and various intervals (1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 23 days, 15 min, and 6 hr) were applied to five subjects, which had the same statistical power as applying two sessions to 50 subjects. In each session, three robot speeds (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 Hz) were applied to provide passive movement using the robot. The fNIRS signal (oxy-Hb) generated in the primary sensorimotor area (SM1) was measured on a total of 29 channels. At this time, we used activation maps and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values to examine the TRR and the effect of robot speeds and intervals on TRR. RESULTS As a result, activation maps showed prominent variation regardless of robot speeds and interval, and the ICC value (=0.002) showed no TRR of brain activation for robotic passive movement. CONCLUSION The brain activation induced by the robotic passive movement alone has very poor TRR, suggesting that further enhancement is required to strengthen the TRR by complementing active user engagements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Bae
- Department of Robotics EngineeringGraduate SchoolDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & TechnologyDaeguKorea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of SeoulSeoulKorea
| | - Pyung‐Hun Chang
- Department of Robotics EngineeringGraduate SchoolDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & TechnologyDaeguKorea
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Hilderley AJ, Taylor MJ, Fehlings D, Chen JL, Wright FV. Optimization of fMRI methods to determine laterality of cortical activation during ankle movements of children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 66:54-62. [PMID: 29413879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of laterality of motor cortical activations may provide valuable information about lower limb control in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Evidence from upper limb research suggests that increased contralateral activity may accompany functional gains. However, lower limb areas of activation and associated changes have been underexplored due to challenges with imaging motor cortical leg representations. In this study, methods for a task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ankle dorsiflexion paradigm were refined with three pilot groups of participants: (i) adults (n = 5); (ii) typically developing (TD) children (n = 5) and; (iii) children with UCP (n = 4). Parameters of experimental design, task resistance, reproducibility, and pre-scan procedures were tested/refined using a staged development approach with additions or changes introduced if image quality did not meet pre-defined standards. When image quality was acceptable for two consecutive participants, the next participant group was recruited to test/refine the next parameter. The final paradigm involved an event-related design of a single dorsiflexion movement against individualized resistance, with two runs per leg. It included a pre-scan session to increase child comfort and determine task resistance. This paradigm produced valid data for laterality index (LI) calculations to determine the ratio of activity in each hemisphere. Ventricle and lesion masks were used in non-linear image registration, and individual thresholds were used for extent-based LI calculations. LI of dominant ankle movements were contralateral (LI ≥ +0.2) for TD children (mean LI = +0.89, std = 0.27) and children with UCP (mean LI = +0.86, std = 0.26). For the affected ankle of children with UCP, LI values indicated ipsilateral and/or contralateral activation (mean LI = +0.02, std = 0.71, range -0.92 to +1.00). This fMRI paradigm will support investigations of cortical activation and mechanisms of skill improvement following lower limb interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hilderley
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Rd, Toronto, M4K 1E1, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1V7, Canada.
| | - M J Taylor
- Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul Street, Toronto, M5T 1W7, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada.
| | - D Fehlings
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Rd, Toronto, M4K 1E1, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Developmental Paediatrics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - J L Chen
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1V7, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1V7, Canada.
| | - F V Wright
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Rd, Toronto, M4K 1E1, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1V7, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1V7, Canada.
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