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Hyeon K, Jeong J, Chung C, Cho M, Hussain S, Kyung KU. Design of a Wearable Mechanism with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)-based Artificial Muscle for Assisting with Shoulder Abduction. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3192764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyujin Hyeon
- Department of Mechanical engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Jeong
- Department of Mechanical engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chongyoung Chung
- Department of Mechanical engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minjae Cho
- Department of Mechanical engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Mechanical engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Uk Kyung
- Department of Mechanical engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Carnevale A, Schena E, Formica D, Massaroni C, Longo UG, Denaro V. Skin Strain Analysis of the Scapular Region and Wearables Design. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175761. [PMID: 34502652 PMCID: PMC8434297 DOI: 10.3390/s21175761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring scapular movements is of relevance in the contexts of rehabilitation and clinical research. Among many technologies, wearable systems instrumented by strain sensors are emerging in these applications. An open challenge for the design of these systems is the optimal positioning of the sensing elements, since their response is related to the strain of the underlying substrates. This study aimed to provide a method to analyze the human skin strain of the scapular region. Experiments were conducted on five healthy volunteers to assess the skin strain during upper limb movements in the frontal, sagittal, and scapular planes at different degrees of elevation. A 6 × 5 grid of passive markers was placed posteriorly to cover the entire anatomic region of interest. Results showed that the maximum strain values, in percentage, were 28.26%, and 52.95%, 60.12% and 60.87%, 40.89%, and 48.20%, for elevation up to 90° and maximum elevation in the frontal, sagittal, and scapular planes, respectively. In all cases, the maximum extension is referred to the pair of markers placed horizontally near the axillary fold. Accordingly, this study suggests interesting insights for designing and positioning textile-based strain sensors in wearable systems for scapular movements monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Carnevale
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (U.G.L.); (V.D.)
- Unit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Domenico Formica
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human Technology Interaction (NeXT), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (U.G.L.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy; (U.G.L.); (V.D.)
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Carnevale A, Longo UG, Schena E, Massaroni C, Lo Presti D, Berton A, Candela V, Denaro V. Wearable systems for shoulder kinematics assessment: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:546. [PMID: 31731893 PMCID: PMC6858749 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable sensors are acquiring more and more influence in diagnostic and rehabilitation field to assess motor abilities of people with neurological or musculoskeletal impairments. The aim of this systematic literature review is to analyze the wearable systems for monitoring shoulder kinematics and their applicability in clinical settings and rehabilitation. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore was performed and results were included up to July 2019. All studies concerning wearable sensors to assess shoulder kinematics were retrieved. RESULTS Seventy-three studies were included because they have fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that magneto and/or inertial sensors are the most used. Wearable sensors measuring upper limb and/or shoulder kinematics have been proposed to be applied in patients with different pathological conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tear. Sensors placement and method of attachment were broadly heterogeneous among the examined studies. CONCLUSIONS Wearable systems are a promising solution to provide quantitative and meaningful clinical information about progress in a rehabilitation pathway and to extrapolate meaningful parameters in the diagnosis of shoulder pathologies. There is a strong need for development of this novel technologies which undeniably serves in shoulder evaluation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Carnevale
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Carbonaro N, Lucchesi I, Lorusssi F, Tognetti A. Tele-monitoring and tele-rehabilitation of the shoulder muscular-skeletal diseases through wearable systems. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2018:4410-4413. [PMID: 30441330 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present the development and preliminary testing of a wearable-technology-enabled platform for the remote rehabilitation of a large number of shoulder muscular-skeletal diseases. The presented system (Shoulphy) is conceived to lead and assess the patient, wearing a minimal set of inertial sensors, through personalized physical rehabilitation programs under the remote supervision of the physician/therapist. We have introduced a minimal inertial sensor set and an associated biomechanical reconstruction method based on a bi-articular model of the shoulder. We have tested the system in classical shoulder rehabilitation exercises and we have demonstrated that the system is able to discriminate between correct and compensatory movement strategies.
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Vallati C, Virdis A, Gesi M, Carbonaro N, Tognetti A. ePhysio: A Wearables-Enabled Platform for the Remote Management of Musculoskeletal Diseases. SENSORS 2018; 19:s19010002. [PMID: 30577467 PMCID: PMC6339172 DOI: 10.3390/s19010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Technology advancements in wireless communication and embedded computing are fostering their evolution from standalone elements to smart objects seamlessly integrated in the broader context of the Internet of Things. In this context, wearable sensors represent the building block for new cyber-physical social systems, which aim at improving the well-being of people by monitoring and measuring their activities and provide an immediate feedback to the users. In this paper, we introduce ePhysio, a large-scale and flexible platform for sensor-assisted physiotherapy and remote management of musculoskeletal diseases. The system leverages networking and computing tools to provide real-time and ubiquitous monitoring of patients. We propose three use cases which differ in scale and context and are characterized by different human interactions: single-user therapy, indoor group therapy, and on-field therapy. For each use case, we identify the social interactions, e.g., between the patient and the physician and between different users and the performance requirements in terms of monitoring frequency, communication, and computation. We then propose three related deployments, highlighting the technologies that can be applied in a real system. Finally, we describe a proof-of-concept implementation, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Vallati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Virdis
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Gesi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia e Centro Dipartimentale di Medicina Riabilitativa "Sport and Anatomy", 56123 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Nicola Carbonaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro di Ricerca "E.Piaggio", 56123 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro di Ricerca "E.Piaggio", 56123 Pisa, Italy.
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A survey of human shoulder functional kinematic representations. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:339-367. [PMID: 30367391 PMCID: PMC6347660 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this survey, we review the field of human shoulder functional kinematic representations. The central question of this review is to evaluate whether the current approaches in shoulder kinematics can meet the high-reliability computational challenge. This challenge is posed by applications such as robot-assisted rehabilitation. Currently, the role of kinematic representations in such applications has been mostly overlooked. Therefore, we have systematically searched and summarised the existing literature on shoulder kinematics. The shoulder is an important functional joint, and its large range of motion (ROM) poses several mathematical and practical challenges. Frequently, in kinematic analysis, the role of the shoulder articulation is approximated to a ball-and-socket joint. Following the high-reliability computational challenge, our review challenges this inappropriate use of reductionism. Therefore, we propose that this challenge could be met by kinematic representations, that are redundant, that use an active interpretation and that emphasise on functional understanding.
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Stacey MJ, Hill N, Woods D. Physiological monitoring for healthy military personnel. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2017; 164:290-292. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Military employment commonly exposes personnel to strenuous physical exertion. The resulting interaction between occupational stress and individual susceptibility to illness demands careful management. This could extend to prospective identification of high physiological strain in healthy personnel, in addition to recognition and protection of vulnerable individuals. The emergence and ubiquitous uptake of ‘wearable’ physiological and medical monitoring devices might help to address this challenge, but requires that the right questions are asked in sourcing, developing, validating and applying such technologies. Issues that must be addressed include system requirements, such as the likelihood of end users deploying and using technology as intended; interpretation of data in relation to pretest probability, including the potential for false-positive results; differentiation of pathological states from normal physiology; responsibility for and consequences of acting on abnormal or unexpected results and cost-effectiveness. Ultimately, the performance of a single monitoring system, in isolation or alongside other measures, should be judged by whether any improvement is offered versus existing capabilities and at what cost to mission effectiveness.
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De Baets L, van der Straaten R, Matheve T, Timmermans A. Shoulder assessment according to the international classification of functioning by means of inertial sensor technologies: A systematic review. Gait Posture 2017; 57:278-294. [PMID: 28683420 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review investigates current protocols using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in shoulder research, and outlines future paths regarding IMU use for shoulder research. Different databases were searched for relevant articles. Criteria for study selection were (1) research in healthy persons or persons with shoulder problems, (2) IMUs applied as assessment tool for the shoulder (in healthy subjects and shoulder patients) or upper limb (in shoulder patients), (3) peer-reviewed, full-text papers in English or Dutch. Studies with less than five participants and without ethical approval were excluded. Data extraction included (1) study design, (2) participant characteristics, (3) type/brand of IMU, (4) tasks included in the assessment protocol, and (5) outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Scapulothoracic/glenohumeral and humerothoracic kinematics were reported in respectively 10 and 27 of the 37 included papers. Only one paper in healthy persons assessed, next to scapulothoracic/glenohumeral kinematics, other upper limb joints. IMUs' validity and reliability to capture shoulder function was limited. Considering applied protocols, 39% of the protocols was located on the International-Classification-of-Functioning (ICF) function level, while 38% and 23% were on the 'capacity' and 'actual performance'-sublevel, of the ICF-activity level. Most available IMU-research regarding the shoulder is clinically less relevant, given the widely reported humerothoracic kinematics which do not add to clinical-decision-making, and the absence of protocols assessing the complete upper limb chain. Apart from knowledge on methodological pitfalls and opportunities regarding the use of IMUs, this review provides future research paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet De Baets
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center - BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Rob van der Straaten
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center - BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Matheve
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center - BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Annick Timmermans
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center - BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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