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Gobeil Odai K, O’Dwyer C, Steenbergen R, Shaw TA, Renner TM, Ghorbani P, Rezaaifar M, Han S, Langlois MA, Crawley AM, Russell RS, Pezacki JP, Tyrrell DL, Fullerton MD. In Vitro Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Hepatic Choline Metabolism. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010108. [PMID: 31963173 PMCID: PMC7019665 DOI: 10.3390/v12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient required for normal neuronal and muscular development, as well as homeostatic regulation of hepatic metabolism. In the liver, choline is incorporated into the main eukaryotic phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and can enter one-carbon metabolism via mitochondrial oxidation. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic positive-strand RNA virus that similar to other positive-strand RNA viruses and can impact phospholipid metabolism. In the current study we sought to interrogate if HCV modulates markers of choline metabolism following in vitro infection, while subsequently assessing if the inhibition of choline uptake and metabolism upon concurrent HCV infection alters viral replication and infectivity. Additionally, we assessed whether these parameters were consistent between cells cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human serum (HS), conditions known to differentially affect in vitro HCV infection. We observed that choline transport in FBS- and HS-cultured Huh7.5 cells is facilitated by the intermediate affinity transporter, choline transporter-like family (CTL). HCV infection in FBS, but not HS-cultured cells diminished CTL1 transcript and protein expression at 24 h post-infection, which was associated with lower choline uptake and lower incorporation of choline into PC. No changes in other transporters were observed and at 96 h post-infection, all differences were normalized. Reciprocally, limiting the availability of choline for PC synthesis by use of a choline uptake inhibitor resulted in increased HCV replication at this early stage (24 h post-infection) in both FBS- and HS-cultured cells. Finally, in chronic infection (96 h post-infection), inhibiting choline uptake and metabolism significantly impaired the production of infectious virions. These results suggest that in addition to a known role of choline kinase, the transport of choline, potentially via CTL1, might also represent an important and regulated process during HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelan Gobeil Odai
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Conor O’Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rineke Steenbergen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (R.S.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Tyler A. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Tyler M. Renner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Peyman Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mojgan Rezaaifar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shauna Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Angela M. Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Rodney S. Russell
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada;
| | - John P. Pezacki
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (R.S.); (D.L.T.)
| | - Morgan D. Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (K.G.O.); (C.O.); (T.M.R.); (P.G.); (M.R.); (S.H.); (M.-A.L.); (A.M.C.); (J.P.P.)
- University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(1)-613-562-5800 (ext. 8310)
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Zheng Y, Hlady RA, Joyce BT, Robertson KD, He C, Nannini DR, Kibbe WA, Achenbach CJ, Murphy RL, Roberts LR, Hou L. DNA methylation of individual repetitive elements in hepatitis C virus infection-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:145. [PMID: 31639042 PMCID: PMC6802191 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The two most common repetitive elements (REs) in humans, long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) and Alu element (Alu), have been linked to various cancers. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) may cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by suppressing host defenses, through DNA methylation that controls the mobilization of REs. We aimed to investigate the role of RE methylation in HCV-induced HCC (HCV-HCC). Results We studied methylation of over 30,000 locus-specific REs across the genome in HCC, cirrhotic, and healthy liver tissues obtained by surgical resection. Relative to normal liver tissue, we observed the largest number of differentially methylated REs in HCV-HCC followed by alcohol-induced HCC (EtOH-HCC). After excluding EtOH-HCC-associated RE methylation (FDR < 0.001) and those unable to be validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified 13 hypomethylated REs (11 LINE-1 and 2 Alu) and 2 hypermethylated REs (1 LINE-1 and 1 Alu) in HCV-HCC (FDR < 0.001). A majority of these REs were located in non-coding regions, preferentially enriched with chromatin repressive marks H3K27me3, and positively associated with gene expression (median correlation r = 0.32 across REs). We further constructed an HCV-HCC RE methylation score that distinguished HCV-HCC (lowest score), HCV-cirrhosis, and normal liver (highest score) in a dose-responsive manner (p for trend < 0.001). HCV-cirrhosis had a lower score than EtOH-cirrhosis (p = 0.038) and HCV-HCC had a lower score than EtOH-HCC in TCGA (p = 0.024). Conclusions Our findings indicate that HCV infection is associated with loss of DNA methylation in specific REs, which could implicate molecular mechanisms in liver cancer development. If our findings are validated in larger sample sizes, methylation of these REs may be useful as an early detection biomarker for HCV-HCC and/or a target for prevention of HCC in HCV-positive individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0733-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zheng
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA.
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian T Joyce
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chunyan He
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Drew R Nannini
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA
| | - Warren A Kibbe
- Duke Cancer Institute and Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chad J Achenbach
- Center for Global Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert L Murphy
- Center for Global Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA
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Liu H, Xu E, Liu J, Xiong H. Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6030023. [PMID: 27455335 PMCID: PMC5039452 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes wrap neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating sheath which is essential for nervous impulse conduction along axons. Axonal myelination is highly regulated by neuronal and astrocytic signals and the maintenance of myelin sheaths is a very complex process. Oligodendrocyte damage can cause axonal demyelination and neuronal injury, leading to neurological disorders. Demyelination in the cerebrum may produce cognitive impairment in a variety of neurological disorders, including human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although the combined antiretroviral therapy has markedly reduced the incidence of HIV-1-associated dementia, a severe form of HAND, milder forms of HAND remain prevalent even when the peripheral viral load is well controlled. HAND manifests as a subcortical dementia with damage in the brain white matter (e.g., corpus callosum), which consists of myelinated axonal fibers. How HIV-1 brain infection causes myelin injury and resultant white matter damage is an interesting area of current HIV research. In this review, we tentatively address recent progress on oligodendrocyte dysregulation and HAND pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Enquan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Jianuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
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