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Yu XW, Wang Q, Liu L, Zhou ZJ, Cai T, Yuan HM, Tang MA, Peng J, Ye SB, Yang XH, Deng XB, Ge XY. Detection and Genomic Characterization of Torque Teno Virus in Pneumoconiosis Patients in China. Viruses 2024; 16:1059. [PMID: 39066222 PMCID: PMC11281462 DOI: 10.3390/v16071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumoconiosis is a common occupational disease that can worsen with accompanying infection. Torque teno virus (TTV) is a prevalent human virus with multiple genotypes that can chronically and persistently infect individuals. However, the prevalence of TTV in pneumoconiosis patients is still unclear. This research aims to detect the presence and prevalence of TTV in the alveolar lavage fluid of pneumoconiosis patients in the Hunan Province of China using PCR. As a result, a 65.5% positive rate (19 out of 29) of TTV was detected. The TTV detection rate varies among different stages of silicosis and different pneumoconiosis patient ages. Nine novel TTV genomes ranging in size from 3719 to 3908 nt, named TTV HNPP1, HNPP2, HNPP3, HNPP4, HNPP5, HNPP6-1, HNPP6-2, HNPP7-1 and HNPP7-2, were identified. A genomic comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these nine TTVs represent five different species with high genetic diversity which belong to the genus Alphatorquevirus. HNPP6-1 and HNPP6-2 belong to TTV3, HNPP5 belongs to TTV13, HNPP1 belongs to TTV24, HNPP4 belongs to TTV20, and the others belong to TTV19. The genomes of TTV HNPP1, HNPP6-1, and HNPP6-2 contain three putative open reading frames (ORFs) coding for proteins, ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3, while the other six TTV genomes contain two ORFs coding for proteins, ORF1 and ORF2. These results provide the first description of TTV epidemiology in pneumoconiosis patients in China. The newly identified TTV genome sequences reveal the high genetic diversity of TTV in pneumoconiosis patients and could contribute to a deeper understanding of TTV retention and infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Yu
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha 410003, China; (X.-W.Y.); (L.L.); (T.C.); (H.-M.Y.); (M.-A.T.); (J.P.); (X.-H.Y.)
- College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (Z.-J.Z.); (S.-B.Y.)
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Basic Biology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China;
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha 410003, China; (X.-W.Y.); (L.L.); (T.C.); (H.-M.Y.); (M.-A.T.); (J.P.); (X.-H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhou
- College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (Z.-J.Z.); (S.-B.Y.)
| | - Tuo Cai
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha 410003, China; (X.-W.Y.); (L.L.); (T.C.); (H.-M.Y.); (M.-A.T.); (J.P.); (X.-H.Y.)
| | - Hua-Ming Yuan
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha 410003, China; (X.-W.Y.); (L.L.); (T.C.); (H.-M.Y.); (M.-A.T.); (J.P.); (X.-H.Y.)
| | - Mei-An Tang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha 410003, China; (X.-W.Y.); (L.L.); (T.C.); (H.-M.Y.); (M.-A.T.); (J.P.); (X.-H.Y.)
| | - Jian Peng
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha 410003, China; (X.-W.Y.); (L.L.); (T.C.); (H.-M.Y.); (M.-A.T.); (J.P.); (X.-H.Y.)
| | - Sheng-Bao Ye
- College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (Z.-J.Z.); (S.-B.Y.)
| | - Xiu-Hong Yang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha 410003, China; (X.-W.Y.); (L.L.); (T.C.); (H.-M.Y.); (M.-A.T.); (J.P.); (X.-H.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Bin Deng
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha 410003, China; (X.-W.Y.); (L.L.); (T.C.); (H.-M.Y.); (M.-A.T.); (J.P.); (X.-H.Y.)
| | - Xing-Yi Ge
- College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (Z.-J.Z.); (S.-B.Y.)
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Cao X, Tang L, Song J. Circular Single-Stranded DNA: Discovery, Biological Effects, and Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1038-1058. [PMID: 38501391 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of nucleic acid therapeutics has witnessed a significant surge in recent times, as evidenced by the increasing number of approved genetic drugs. However, current platform technologies containing plasmids, lipid nanoparticle-mRNAs, and adeno-associated virus vectors encounter various limitations and challenges. Thus, we are devoted to finding a novel nucleic acid vector and have directed our efforts toward investigating circular single-stranded DNA (CssDNA), an ancient form of nucleic acid. CssDNAs are ubiquitous, but generally ignored. Accumulating evidence suggests that CssDNAs possess exceptional properties as nucleic acid vectors, exhibiting great potential for clinical applications in genetic disorders, gene editing, and immune cell therapy. Here, we comprehensively review the discovery and biological effects of CssDNAs as well as their applications in the field of biomedical research for the first time. Undoubtedly, as an ancient form of DNA, CssDNA holds immense potential and promises novel insights for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisen Cao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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3
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Kyathanahalli C, Snedden M, Singh L, Regalia C, Keenan-Devlin L, Borders AE, Hirsch E. Maternal plasma and salivary anelloviruses in pregnancy and preterm birth. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1191938. [PMID: 37396897 PMCID: PMC10309558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1191938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human anelloviruses, including torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV), are ubiquitous in the general population and have no known pathogenicity. We investigated the prevalence and viral load of TTV and TTMV in plasma and saliva over pregnancy, and assessed their association with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Maternal Stress (MOMS) study, which recruited 744 individuals with singleton pregnancies from 4 US sites (Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and rural Pennsylvania). Baseline outpatient visits took place in the second trimester (between 12'0 and 20'6/7 weeks' gestation), and follow-up visits in the third trimester (between 32'0 and 35'6/7 weeks' gestation). In a case-control study design, participants who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) resulting from spontaneous labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes ("sPTB") were compared with participants experiencing medically indicated preterm birth ("iPTB"), or delivery at term ("controls"). Plasma and saliva samples obtained during the second and third trimesters were tested for the presence and quantity of TTV and TTMV using real-time PCR. Demographic data were obtained via self-report, and clinical data via medical record review by trained research personnel. Results TTV was detected in plasma from 81% (second trimester) and 77% (third trimester) of participants, and in saliva from 64 and 60%. Corresponding detection rates for TTMV were 59 and 41% in plasma, and 35 and 24% in saliva. TTV and TTMV concentrations were similar between matched plasma and saliva samples. TTV prevalence and concentrations were not significantly different between groups (sPTB, iPTB, and controls). However, plasma TTMV in the third trimester was associated with sPTB and earlier gestational age at delivery. The iPTB group was not different from either the sPTB or the control group. In saliva, concentrations of TTV and TTMV were similar among the three groups. Both TTV and TTMV were more prevalent with increasing parity and were more common in Black and Hispanic participants compared to non-Hispanic White participants. Conclusion Anellovirus presence (specifically, TTMV) in the third trimester may be associated with preterm birth. Whether this association is causative remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madeline Snedden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lavisha Singh
- Department of Statistics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Camilla Regalia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Keenan-Devlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ann E. Borders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Kaczorowska J, Cicilionytė A, Wahdaty AF, Deijs M, Jebbink MF, Bakker M, van der Hoek L. Transmission of anelloviruses to HIV-1 infected children. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951040. [PMID: 36187966 PMCID: PMC9523257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anelloviruses (AVs) are widespread in the population and infect humans at the early stage of life. The mode of transmission of AVs is still unknown, however, mother-to-child transmission, e.g., via breastfeeding, is one of the likely infection routes. To determine whether the mother-to-child transmission of AVs may still occur despite the absence of natural birth and breastfeeding, 29 serum samples from five HIV-1-positive mother and child pairs were Illumina-sequenced. The Illumina reads were mapped to an AV lineage database “Anellometrix” containing 502 distinct ORF1 sequences. Although the majority of lineages from the mother were not shared with the child, the mother and child anellomes did display a significant similarity. These findings suggest that AVs may be transmitted from mothers to their children via different routes than delivery or breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaczorowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aurelija Cicilionytė
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annet Firouzi Wahdaty
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Deijs
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Jebbink
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margreet Bakker
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Lia van der Hoek,
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Väisänen E, Kuisma I, Mäkinen M, Ilonen J, Veijola R, Toppari J, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Torque Teno Virus Primary Infection Kinetics in Early Childhood. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061277. [PMID: 35746748 PMCID: PMC9231046 DOI: 10.3390/v14061277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human torque teno viruses (TTVs) are a diverse group of small nonenveloped viruses with circular, single-stranded DNA genomes. These elusive anelloviruses are harbored in the blood stream of most humans and have thus been considered part of the normal flora. Whether the primary infection as a rule take(s) place before or after birth has been debated. The aim of our study was to determine the time of TTV primary infection and the viral load and strain variations during infancy and follow-up for up to 7 years. TTV DNAs were quantified in serial serum samples from 102 children by a pan-TTV quantitative PCR, and the amplicons from representative time points were cloned and sequenced to disclose the TTV strain diversity. We detected an unequivocal rise in TTV-DNA prevalence, from 39% at 4 months of age to 93% at 2 years; all children but one, 99%, became TTV-DNA positive before age 4 years. The TTV-DNA quantities ranged from 5 × 101 to 4 × 107 copies/mL, both within and between the children. In conclusion, TTV primary infections occur mainly after birth, and increase during the first two years with high intra- and interindividual variation in both DNA quantities and virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Väisänen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (E.V.); (I.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Inka Kuisma
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (E.V.); (I.K.); (K.H.)
| | | | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Riitta Veijola
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Centre for Population Health Research and Research Centre for Integrated Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (E.V.); (I.K.); (K.H.)
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Söderlund-Venermo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (E.V.); (I.K.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Early-Life Colonization by Anelloviruses in Infants. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050865. [PMID: 35632607 PMCID: PMC9146212 DOI: 10.3390/v14050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anelloviruses (AVs) are found in the vast majority of the human population and are most probably part of a healthy virome. These viruses infect humans in the early stage of life, however, the characteristics of the first colonizing AVs are still unknown. We screened a collection of 107 blood samples from children between 0.4 and 64.8 months of age for the presence of three AV genera: the Alpha-, Beta- and Gammatorquevirus. The youngest child that was positive for AV was 1.2 months old, and a peak in prevalence (100% of samples positive) was reached between the twelfth and eighteenth months of life. Intriguingly, the beta- and gammatorqueviruses were detected most at the early stage of life (up to 12 months), whereas alphatorqueviruses, the most common AVs in adults, increased in prevalence in children older than 12 months. To determine whether that order of colonization may be related to oral transmission and unequal presence of AV genera in breast milk, we examined 63 breast milk samples. Thirty-two percent of the breast milk samples were positive in a qPCR detecting beta- and gammatorqueviruses, while alphatorqueviruses were detected in 10% of the samples, and this difference was significant (p = 0.00654). In conclusion, we show that beta- and gammatorqueviruses colonize humans in the first months of life and that breastfeeding could play a role in AV transmission.
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Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Mendes-Correa MC, Moron AF, Forney LJ, Linhares IM, Ribeiro da Silva A, Honorato L, Witkin SS. The vaginal Torquetenovirus titer varies with vaginal microbiota composition in pregnant women. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262672. [PMID: 35051215 PMCID: PMC8775304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a nonpathogenic endogenous virus whose abundance varies with the extent of immune system activation. We determined if the TTV titer in the vagina of pregnant women was associated with vaginal microbiota composition and levels of compounds in vaginal secretions. Vaginal TTV and microbiota composition in 494 second trimester pregnant women were identified by gene amplification and analysis. Vaginal matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) and lactic acid isomers were measured by ELISA. Dominance was defined as the relative abundance of a specific bacterium or species at >50% of the total number of bacteria identified. Clinical data were obtained by chart review. The median log10 TTV titer was lowest when Lactobacillus species other than L. iners were dominant (<1.0) as compared to when L. iners (4.1, p = 0.0001), bacteria other than lactobacilli (4.5, p = 0.0016) or no bacterium (4.7, p = 0.0009) dominated. The TTV titer was inversely proportional to L. crispatus abundance (p<0.0001) and directly proportional to levels of G. vaginalis (p = 0.0008) and L. iners (p = 0.0010). The TTV titer was proportional to TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 abundance (p≤0.0002) and inversely proportional to the level of D-lactic acid (p = 0.0024). We conclude that the association between variations in the TTV titer and the relative abundance of specific bacterial species and vaginal compounds indicates that local changes in immune status likely influence vaginal fluid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departament of Infectious Diseases, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria C. Mendes-Correa
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departament of Infectious Diseases, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio F. Moron
- Department of Obstetrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larry J. Forney
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Iara M. Linhares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Almir Ribeiro da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departament of Infectious Diseases, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layla Honorato
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departament of Infectious Diseases, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departament of Infectious Diseases, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM52), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornel Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Redondo N, Navarro D, Aguado JM, Fernández-Ruiz M. Viruses, friends and foes: The case of Torque Teno virus and the net state of immunosuppression. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 24:e13778. [PMID: 34933413 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New reliable biomarkers are needed to improve individual risk assessment for post-transplant infection, acute graft rejection and other immune-related complications after solid organ transplantation (SOT) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). One promising strategy relies on the monitoring of replication kinetics of virome components as functional surrogate for the net state of immunosuppression. Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a small, non-enveloped, circular, single-stranded DNA anellovirus with no attributable pathological effects. A major component of the human blood virome, TTV exhibits various features that facilitate its application as immune biomarker: high prevalence rates, nearly ubiquitous distribution, stable viral loads with little intra-individual variability, insensitivity to antiviral drugs, and availability of commercial PCR assays for DNA quantification. The present review summarizes the available studies supporting the use of post-transplant TTV viremia to predict patient and graft outcomes after SOT and allo-HSCT. Taken together, this evidence suggests that high or increasing TTV DNA levels precede the occurrence of infectious complications in the SOT setting, whereas low or decreasing viral loads are associated with the development of acute rejection. The interpretation in allo-HSCT recipients is further complicated by complex interplay with the underlying disease, conditioning regimen and timing of recovery of lymphocyte counts, although TTV kinetics may act as a marker of immunological reconstitution at the early post-transplant period. The standardization of PCR methods and reporting units for TTV DNAemia and the results from ongoing interventional trials evaluating a TTV load-guided strategy to adjust immunosuppressive therapy are achievements expected in the coming years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Redondo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Witney AA, Aller S, Strang BL. Metagenomic profiling of placental tissue suggests DNA virus infection of the placenta is rare. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34723784 PMCID: PMC8742990 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that pathogens can be transmitted across the placenta from mother to foetus. Recent re-evaluation of metagenomic studies indicates that the placenta has no unique microbiome of commensal bacteria. However, viral transmission across the placenta, including transmission of DNA viruses such as the human herpesviruses, is possible. A fuller understanding of which DNA virus sequence can be found in the placenta is required. We employed a metagenomic analysis to identify viral DNA sequences in placental metagenomes from full-term births (20 births), pre-term births (13 births), births from pregnancies associated with antenatal infections (12 births) or pre-term births with antenatal infections (three births). Our analysis found only a small number of DNA sequences corresponding to the genomes of human herpesviruses in four of the 48 metagenomes analysed. Therefore, our data suggest that DNA virus infection of the placenta is rare and support the concept that the placenta is largely free of pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Witney
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Sean Aller
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Blair L Strang
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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10
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Leijonhufvud G, Bajalan A, Teixeira Soratto TA, Gustafsson B, Bogdanovic G, Bjerkner A, Allander T, Ljungman G, Andersson B. Better detection of Torque teno virus in children with leukemia by metagenomic sequencing than by quantitative PCR. J Med Virol 2021; 94:634-641. [PMID: 34672369 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is a group of chronically persisting viruses with a short circular DNA genome. TTV demonstrates a wide sequence diversity and a large majority of humans are chronically infected by one or more types of TTV. As TTV is ubiquitous, and viral replication correlates with immune status, TTV has been studied as a marker to assess global functional immune competence in transplant recipients. Most studies of the prevalence, amounts, and variation in TTV have been performed using PCR assays. We here present a comparison of the most frequently used quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for TTV with shotgun metagenomic sequencing for detection and characterization of TTV in a cohort of pediatric cancer patients. The results show that TTV is more common than the qPCR assays indicate, and analysis of the TTV genome sequences indicate that a qPCR with primers and probe designed on a conserved region of the TTV genome may fail to detect some of the TTV strains found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Leijonhufvud
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanj Bajalan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatiany Aparecida Teixeira Soratto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Britt Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gordana Bogdanovic
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Bjerkner
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Allander
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Ljungman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Sloan PE, Rodriguez C, Holtz LR. Viral prevalence by gestational age and season in a large neonatal cord blood cohort. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:8482-8487. [PMID: 34587860 PMCID: PMC8960461 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1983537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate viral prevalence in a large neonatal cohort and determine the impact on pregnancy and birth outcomes. STUDY DESIGN We prospectively collected 1044 neonatal samples from remnant neonatal cord blood RPR samples. We performed qRT-PCR/qPCR reactions for: adenovirus, anellovirus (alphatorquevirus and betatorquevirus), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), enterovirus, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), parechovirus, and parvovirus B19. RESULT Overall viral prevalence was 5.6% with 58 positive samples. Alphatorquevirus (2%) and HHV6 (1.2%) were the two most prevalent viruses detected. Viral detection was most common in samples collected in the fall (September-November) and least common in those collected in winter (December-February). There was no statistical difference detected in viral prevalence or viral load by gestational age, preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia or chorioamnionitis. CONCLUSION While there is seasonal variation in viral prevalence in neonatal cord blood samples, individual virus presence does not seem to effect pregnancy or birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Sloan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lori R Holtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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12
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Kaczorowska J, van der Hoek L. Human anelloviruses: diverse, omnipresent and commensal members of the virome. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:305-313. [PMID: 32188999 PMCID: PMC7326371 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anelloviruses are small, single stranded circular DNA viruses. They are extremely diverse and have not been associated with any disease so far. Strikingly, these small entities infect most probably the complete human population, and there are no convincing examples demonstrating viral clearance from infected individuals. The main transmission could be via fecal-oral or airway route, as infections occur at an early age. However, due to the lack of an appropriate culture system, the virus–host interactions remain enigmatic. Anelloviruses are obviously mysterious viruses, and their impact on human life is not yet known, but, with no evidence of a disease association, a potential beneficial effect on human health should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaczorowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Constant companion: clinical and developmental aspects of torque teno virus infections. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2749-2757. [PMID: 33040309 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is a commensal human virus observed as a circular single-negative-strand DNA molecule in various tissues and biological samples, notably in blood serum and lymphocytes. TTV has no apparent clinical significance, although it might be very useful as a prospective tool for gene delivery or as an epidemiological marker. Human populations are ubiquitously infected with TTV; the prevalence may reach 100%. The majority of babies become spontaneously infected with TTV, so that by the end of the first year of life, the prevalence reaches 'adult' values. TTV positivity in healthy early infancy and the presence of TTV in umbilical cord blood samples have been reported. The mechanism of infection and the dynamics of TTV prevalence in infants with age remain understudied. Meanwhile, the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of TTV as a marker deserves special attention and study, along with the possibility, causes and consequences of placental transmission of TTV under normal or pathological conditions.
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14
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Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Bongiovanni AM, Minis E, Linhares IM, Boester A, Freire WS, Lima SH, de Oliveira NPG, Mendes-Correa MC, Forney LJ, Witkin SS. Torquetenovirus Titer in Vaginal Secretions from Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Association with Absence of Lactobacillus crispatus and Levels of Lactic Acid and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:2075-2081. [PMID: 32944879 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal samples from women with term deliveries were tested for torquetenovirus (TTV) by gene amplification, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and D- and L-lactic acid by ELISA, and microbiome composition by analysis of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. TTV was detected in 43.2%, 31.5%, and 41.4% of first trimester, third trimester, and postpartum samples, respectively. The viral titer was higher in postpartum than in the first (p = 0.0018) or third (p = 0.0013) trimester. The mean gestational age at delivery was lower in women positive for TTV in their first trimester (p = 0.0358). In the first and third trimester, the MMP-8 level was higher if TTV was also present (p < 0.0091). The D-lactic acid level was lower in first trimester samples if TTV was present (p = 0.0334). Lactobacillus crispatus dominance in first and third trimester samples was higher when TTV was absent (p < 0.0033). We conclude that TTV is present in the vagina in many women with normal pregnancy outcomes and that its occurrence is associated with a lack of L. crispatus dominance, an increase in vaginal MMP-8 and a decrease in D-lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Virology laboratory (LIM 52), Tropical Medicine Institute, Medicine School, São Paulo University, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Evelyn Minis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iara M Linhares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allison Boester
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wilton S Freire
- Virology laboratory (LIM 52), Tropical Medicine Institute, Medicine School, São Paulo University, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia H Lima
- Virology laboratory (LIM 52), Tropical Medicine Institute, Medicine School, São Paulo University, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natan P G de Oliveira
- Virology laboratory (LIM 52), Tropical Medicine Institute, Medicine School, São Paulo University, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Mendes-Correa
- Virology laboratory (LIM 52), Tropical Medicine Institute, Medicine School, São Paulo University, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larry J Forney
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Virology laboratory (LIM 52), Tropical Medicine Institute, Medicine School, São Paulo University, Rua Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Maev IV, Karlovich TI, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Andreev DN, Reshetnyak VI. Current Views of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Liver Diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY, COLOPROCTOLOGY 2020; 30:7-22. [DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Maev
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - T. I. Karlovich
- Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Care of the Russian President Administration
| | | | - I. A. Chekmazov
- Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Care of the Russian President Administration
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16
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Sloan P, Rodriguez C, Bedell BA, Murray J, Dagle J, Ryckman K, Holtz L. Alphatorquevirus is the most prevalent virus identified in blood from a matched maternal-infant preterm cohort. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1636-1642. [PMID: 32401076 PMCID: PMC8529647 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1763298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of virus in a previously uncharacterized matched maternal-infant preterm cohort and test if viral presence or viral load correlate with histologic chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm labor or pre-eclampsia.Study Design: Using qRT-PCR/qPCR we tested plasma or whole blood samples from 56 matched maternal and premature infant dyads for: adenovirus, anellovirus (alphatorquevirus and betatorquevirus), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), enterovirus, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), parechovirus, and parvovirus B19.Result: Viral detection was more common in maternal samples 29/56 (52%) than in cord blood from their infants (4/56 (7%)) (p ≤ .0001). No significant difference in viral load or viral prevalence was identified between pregnancies with and without histologic chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm labor or pre-eclampsia.Conclusion: Despite frequent detection of virus in maternal samples, virus was less frequently detected in the infants. Additionally, there was no association of presence or quantity of virus in maternal blood with histologic chorioamnionitis, spontaneous preterm labor or pre-eclampsia in this small, but well-defined cohort. Future studies are necessary to further characterize the role of virus in placental inflammatory states and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sloan
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce A Bedell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Dagle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kelli Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lori Holtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Reshetnyak VI, Maev IV, Burmistrov AI, Chekmazov IA, Karlovich TI. Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1691-1707. [PMID: 32351287 PMCID: PMC7183866 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review presents the data accumulated for more than 20 years of research of torque teno virus (TTV). Its molecular genetic structure, immunobiology, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, possible replication sites, and pathogenicity factors are described. TTV is a virus that is frequently detectable in patients with different viral hepatitides, in cases of hepatitis without an obvious viral agent, as well as in a healthy population. There is evidence suggesting that biochemical and histological changes occur in liver tissue and bile duct epithelium in TTV monoinfection. There are sufficient histological signs of liver damage, which confirm that the virus can undergo a replicative cycle in hepatocytes. Along with this, cytological hybridization in TTV-infected cells has shown no substantial cytopathic (cell-damaging) effects that are characteristic of pathogenic hepatotropic viruses. Studying TTV has led to the evolution of views on its role in the development of human pathology. The first ideas about the hepatotropism of the virus were gradually reformed as new data became available on the prevalence of the virus and its co-infection with other viruses, including the viruses of the known types of hepatitides. The high prevalence of TTV in the human population indicates its persistence in the body as a virome and a non-pathogenic virus. It has recently been proposed that the level of TTV DNA in the blood of patients undergoing organ transplantation should be used as an endogenous marker of the body’s immune status. The available data show the polytropism of the virus and deny the fact that TTV can be assigned exclusively to hepatitis viruses. Fortunately, the rare detection of the damaging effect of TTV on hepatic and bile duct epithelial cells may be indirect evidence of its conditionally pathogenic properties. The ubiquity of the virus and the variability of its existence in humans cannot put an end to its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy I Reshetnyak
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor V Maev
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Burmistrov
- Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor A Chekmazov
- Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Karlovich
- Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow 121359, Russia
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18
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Shah AA, Wang D, Hirsch E. Nucleic Acid-Based Screening of Maternal Serum to Detect Viruses in Women with Labor or PROM. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:537-544. [PMID: 31925769 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether timing of the initiating event of spontaneous labor (either uterine contractions with intact fetal membranes or rupture of membranes prior to labor (PROM)) is associated with maternal viral infection. It was a prospective case control study of women with either spontaneous labor or PROM occurring < 37 weeks' gestation ("cases") or at term ("controls"). An initial unbiased screen for viruses was performed with next-generation sequencing (NGS) in serum pooled from eight cases delivered by C/S and represents a range of gestational ages, membrane rupture status, and presence or absence of chorioamnionitis. Custom PCR was used to query individual patient samples from the original cohort. The NGS screen generated 15 million reads. Seven unique viral sequences were detected in two cases, all identified as torque teno virus (TTV), an ubiquitous DNA anellovirus of no known pathogenicity. Using nested and semi-nested PCR, sera from 72 patients (47 cases and 25 matched controls, stratified by ROM status) were screened for the 3 subtypes of anelloviruses (TTV, TTMDV, or TTMV). These were found in 43/47 cases (91%) and 16/25 controls (64%) (p = 0.012, OR = 5.9 (95% CI = 1.4-29.9)). In logistic regression, pregnant women with at least one type of anellovirus were more likely to experience preterm labor than those with no anellovirus (p = 0.03, aOR = 4.6, CI = 1.2-18.7). Among women experiencing a spontaneous initiating event of labor, TTV virus was more likely to be present in the serum of preterm than term patients. TTV may have a role in determining the timing of parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit A Shah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University Health System, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David Wang
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University Health System, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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19
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Nizyaeva NV, Lomova NA, Amiraslanov EY, Kan NE, Nagovitsyna MN, Shchegolev AI. Peculiarities of RIG-1 Expression in Placental Villi in Preeclampsia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:791-794. [PMID: 31656003 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The expression of RIG-1 in placenta samples was assessed in women of reproductive age with early- and late-onset preeclampsia and cesarean delivery at 27-39 weeks of gestation. The highest expression of RIG-1 was found in the syncytiotrophoblast of placental villi in the group with uncomplicated full-term pregnancy (normal); RIG-1 expression in groups with early- and late-onset preeclampsia was significantly (p<0.01) lower. In decidual cells, RIG-1 expression was also maximum in normal pregnancy and significantly (p<0.01) lower in lateonset preeclampsia. In the endothelium of villous capillaries, the maximum expression was observed in normal full-term pregnancy and in late-onset preeclampsia, while in early-onset preeclampsia this parameter was significantly (p<0.01) lower. It can be assumed that different variants of preeclampsia are mediated by similar pathogenetic mechanisms, including those related to immature molecular profile of the trophoblast and decidual cells, probably due to impaired stem cell activity in the placenta determining higher vulnerability and reduced regeneration capacity of the placental tissue. This is due to the fact that RIG-1 is one of the important signaling molecules that promote activation of stem cell and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Nizyaeva
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Lomova
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Yu Amiraslanov
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Kan
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M N Nagovitsyna
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Shchegolev
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Rezahosseini O, Drabe CH, Sørensen SS, Rasmussen A, Perch M, Ostrowski SR, Nielsen SD. Torque-Teno virus viral load as a potential endogenous marker of immune function in solid organ transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2019; 33:137-144. [PMID: 30981537 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients receive immunosuppressive therapy to avoid rejection of the transplanted organ. Immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of infections. However, no existing marker reliably reveals the status of the immune function in SOT recipients. Torque-Teno virus or Transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) has gained attention as a possible endogenous marker of the immune function. TTV is a non-enveloped, circular single strand DNA virus, and it may be considered a part of the human virome. In a bidirectional relationship, the immune system detects TTV and TTV may also modulate the activity of immune system. These characteristics have made the virus a possible candidate indicator of immune function. In this systematic review, we describe the role and potential function of TTV viral load as an endogenous marker of the immune function and consequently the level of immune suppression in SOT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Rezahosseini
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Heldbjerg Drabe
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Perch
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Tyschik EA, Rasskazova AS, Degtyareva AV, Rebrikov DV, Sukhikh GT. Torque teno virus dynamics during the first year of life. Virol J 2018; 15:96. [PMID: 29843750 PMCID: PMC5975406 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Torque teno virus is a small chronically persisting circular negative ssDNA virus reaching near 100% prevalence. It is reported to be a marker for immune function in immunocompromised patients. The possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission remains controversial but incidence rate of TTV DNA in children increased with age. TTV dynamics well studied for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a predictor of post-transplant complications but there is no viral proliferation kinetics data for other patient groups or healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine TTV dynamics during the first year of life of healthy infants. Methods Ninety eight clinically healthy breastfeeding infants (1–12 months of age) were analyzed by quantitative PCR for the whole blood TTV load with the test sensitivity of about 1000 viral copies per milliliter of blood (total number of samples including repeatedly tested infants was 109). Results 67% of all analyzed samples were TTV-positive demonstrating significant positive correlation between age and TTV load (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). Conclusions This is the first study to suggest that viral load increases during the first year of life reaching a plateau after 6 months with strong proliferation for the first 60 days. Our data well correlates with TTV dynamics in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Tyschik
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Oparina 4, Moscow, 117513, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S Rasskazova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anna V Degtyareva
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Oparina 4, Moscow, 117513, Russia
| | - Denis V Rebrikov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Oparina 4, Moscow, 117513, Russia. .,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Oparina 4, Moscow, 117513, Russia
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22
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McCann A, Ryan FJ, Stockdale SR, Dalmasso M, Blake T, Ryan CA, Stanton C, Mills S, Ross PR, Hill C. Viromes of one year old infants reveal the impact of birth mode on microbiome diversity. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4694. [PMID: 29761040 PMCID: PMC5944432 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a diverse gut microbiota after birth is being increasingly recognised as important for preventing illnesses later in life. It is well established that bacterial diversity rapidly increases post-partum; however, few studies have examined the infant gut virome/phageome during this developmental period. We performed a metagenomic analysis of 20 infant faecal viromes at one year of age to determine whether spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) or caesarean section (CS) influenced viral composition. We find that birth mode results in distinctly different viral communities, with SVD infants having greater viral and bacteriophage diversity. We demonstrate that CrAssphage is acquired early in life, both in this cohort and two others, although no difference in birth mode is detected. A previous study has shown that bacterial OTU’s (operational taxonomic units) identified in the same infants could not discriminate between birth mode at 12 months of age. Therefore, our results indicate that vertical transmission of viral communities from mother to child may play a role in shaping the early life microbiome, and that birth mode should be considered when studying the early life gut virome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McCann
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Feargal J Ryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen R Stockdale
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marion Dalmasso
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Current affiliation: Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE, Caen, France
| | - Tony Blake
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul R Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Cork, Ireland
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23
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de Souza WM, Fumagalli MJ, de Araujo J, Sabino-Santos G, Maia FGM, Romeiro MF, Modha S, Nardi MS, Queiroz LH, Durigon EL, Nunes MRT, Murcia PR, Figueiredo LTM. Discovery of novel anelloviruses in small mammals expands the host range and diversity of the Anelloviridae. Virology 2017; 514:9-17. [PMID: 29128758 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Anelloviridae comprises single-stranded DNA viruses currently grouped in sixty-eight species classified in twelve genera. They have been found in many vertebrate hosts including primates. In this study, we describe the application of the high-throughput sequencing to examine the frequency and diversity of anelloviruses in rodents, bats and opossums captured in São Paulo State, Brazil. We report a total of twenty-six anelloviruses with sixteen nearly complete genomes and ten partial genomes, which include eleven potential novel species identified in rodents (Cricetidae), bats (Molossidae and Phyllostomidae), and opossums (Didelphidae). We also propose the inclusion of two potential new genera within the Anelloviridae family, provisionally named Omegatorquevirus and Sigmatorquevirus, including six and three novel species of anelloviruses, respectively. In summary, this study expands the diversity and the host range of the known anelloviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Marcílio Jorge Fumagalli
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gonçalves Motta Maia
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sejal Modha
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Schiavo Nardi
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre, Prefeitura de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovations, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pablo Ramiro Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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